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TASK 1: Identify the underlined semantic roles displayed in the sentences below

1. Tony pushed the cart to the wall.

2. John annoyed Mary.
3. Steve loves Melisa.
4. Peter told Ann the story.
5. Jack sees the fish.
6. Mark drove towards Warsaw.
7. The key opened the door.
8. Helen was freed from the prison.
9. John fell off the chair.
10. Josh stirs the soup with a wooden spoon.
11. Max gave flowers to his grandma.
12. The smell of fried onion filled Sam’s nostrils.
13. The room has many people in it.
14. Da Lat is a rainy city.
15. The dog is behind the couch.

TASK 2: Identify the types of antonymy

a. true, false g. borrow-lend

b. wife-husband h. deep, shallow
c. expensive, cheap i. legal, illegal
d. beautiful, ugly j. inside/outside
e. happy, unhappy k. before/after
f. pass, fail
TASK 3: Complete the table of BASIC LEXICAL RELATIONS

RELATIONS DEFINITION/CHARACTE EXAMPLES (3 examples) NOTE

RISTICS

Synonymy

Antonymy/
Oppositeness

- Binary
(Complementary)

- Gradable
(Scalar)
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-Conversive
(Relational)

-Reversive
(Directional)

Hyponymy

Meronymy

Homonymy

-Perfect/Full
homonyms

- Homographs

-Homophones
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Polysemy

TASK 4: Identify presuppositions

1. Where is the man with the megaphone?

2. The Queen of England attended a cooking workshop.

3. John managed to stop smoking.

4. My car is a wreck.

5. Your clock isn’t working

NOTE: Types of Presupposition with Examples

1. Existential presuppositions (resulting from definite noun phrases)

- Your car looks great! => You have a car.

- Mary’s dog is cute! => Mary’s got a dog./ There’s a person called Mary

- The King of France is bald. => France has a king.

- The cat is now in trouble. => There is a cat.

2. Factive presuppositions (consisting of verbs such as “know”, “realize”,

“regret”, “be aware”,...)

- Everybody knows that John is gay. => John is gay.

- Everybody doesn’t know that John is gay. => John is gay.

- She didn’t realize he was ill. => He was ill.

- We regret telling him => We told him.

- I wasn’t aware that she was married. => She was married.

- I’m glad that it’s over. => It’s over.

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3. Lexical presuppositions (“manage”, “stop”, “start”, “again”, ...)

- He stopped smoking => He used to smoke.

- They started complaining => They weren’t complaining before.

- You are late again! => You were late before.

- Would you like another tea? => You’ve had at least one.

- Please take some more tea! => You’ve already taken some.

4. Structural presuppositions (Wh- questions, ...)

- When did he leave? => he left.

- Where did you buy the bike? => You bought the bike

- How fast was the car going when it ran the red light? => The car ran the red light.

5. Non-factive presuppositions (“dream”, “imagine”, “pretend”,.... - something

assumed not to be true)

- I dreamed that I was rich. => I was not rich.

- We imagined we were in Hawaii => We were not in Hawaii

- He pretends to be ill => He is not ill

6.Counter-factual presuppositions (If....)

- If you were my friend, you would have helped me. => You are not my friend.

Reference: George Yule (1996). Pragmatics. Oxford University Press.

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TASK 5: TERMS

1. The study of speaker meaning or contextual meaning ..............................

2. An approach to the analysis of spoken discourse that looks at the way people
manage/organize their verbal interactions. ............................
3. The descriptive study of the effect of any or all aspects of society on the way language
is use and the effects of language use on society. .......................................
4. The state of having two languages.................................
5. An approach to the study of language that pays attention to the relation between
language and power and the underlying ideologies underlying
discourse...............................................
6. Using words such as this or here as a way of “pointing” with/via
language.........................................
7. What a speaker assumes is true or known by a listener........................................
8. The set of other words used in the same phrase or sentence or
utterance..........................................
9. The type of context that refers to the relationship between speakers and
hearers.........................................
10. An action in which the form used (eg. interrogative) do not directly match the
function (eg. request) performed by a speaker via an
utterance........................................
11. The general name for reference within the text..............................
12. A type of cohesive device in which a substitute form is used for another language
item.....................................
13. A type of cohesive device in which there is an omission of linguistic elements
normally required by grammar. .......................................
14. A type of context that refers to the (background) knowledge shared by speakers and
hearers........................................

Sociolinguistics

1.When two languages or language varieties exist side by side in a community and
each one is used for different purposes. One is used in the government, the media,
education and religious services while the other is used in the family, with friends,
when shopping, etc............................................................

2. The variety of a language treated as the official language and used in public
broadcasting, publishing and education..............................................

3. Aspects of pronunciation that identify where a speaker is

from.......................................

4. Aspects of the grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation of a variety of a

language.......................................
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5.A variety of a language that developed for a practical purpose such as trade, but
which has no native speakers........................................

6. A variety of a language that developed from a pidgin and is used as a first

language by a population of native speakers.......................................

7. the main source of words in a pidgin.......................................

8. The process of development from a pidgin to a creole........................................

9. The process whereby a creole is used with fewer distinct creole features as it
becomes more like a standard variety........................................

10. The descriptive study of the relationship between language and

society.......................................

11. A way of speaking that is either formal/careful or

informal/casual........................................

12. Status generally recognized as “better” or more positively valued in the larger
community........................................

13. The status of a speech style or feature as having positive value, but which is
hidden or not valued similarly among the larger community........................................

14. A conventional way of using language that is appropriate in a specific situation,

occupation or topic, characterized by the use of special jargon........................................

15. Special technical vocabulary associated with a specific activity or topic, as part
of a register.......................................

TASK 6: Read the following passage and find evidence of cohesive devices

1. Reference:

- Anaphoric reference: her (3) - Mrs. Carol Ramsey (2)

- Cataphoric reference: : her (2) - Mrs. Carol Ramsey (2)

2. Substitution:

3. Ellipsis:

4. Conjunction:

5. Lexical cohesion

- Reiteration:

- Synonyms: dispute (1) - argument (3)

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- Antonyms: done nothing (9) - took action (10)

- Association:

NEIGHBOR BITES DOG IN STREET DISPUTE

(1) A 47-year-old-man, William Jesperson, bit his neighbor’s dog in a dispute about
(2) her garden fence yesterday. Mrs. Carol Ramsey has complained to the police and
(3) her dog needed four stitches. The argument between neighbors William Jesperson
(4) and Carol Ramsey started when Mrs. Ramsey took down the fence between their
(5) two gardens. She told her neighbor she was going to replace it with a newer one but
(6) she has not done so because she claims she cannot afford to.

(7) When the fence was removed, Mrs. Ramsey’s dog used Mr. Jesperson’s garden
(8) to play in, on one occasion frightening his two-year-old son. Despite repeated
(9) complaints, Mrs. Ramsey had done nothing and when the dog chased Mr.
(10) Jesperson’s pet rabbit, the outraged father and pet-lover took action.
(11) “We are investigating”, say a spokeswoman for Thames Valley Police