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Carpal Bones

The wrist contains eight carpal bones arranged in two rows: the proximal row includes the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform, while the distal row consists of the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate. Surrounding the wrist are muscles categorized as flexors, extensors, and those aiding in radial/ulnar deviation, each with specific functions. Key ligaments include the flexor retinaculum and extensor retinaculum, which support the tendons in the wrist area.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
8 views2 pages

Carpal Bones

The wrist contains eight carpal bones arranged in two rows: the proximal row includes the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform, while the distal row consists of the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate. Surrounding the wrist are muscles categorized as flexors, extensors, and those aiding in radial/ulnar deviation, each with specific functions. Key ligaments include the flexor retinaculum and extensor retinaculum, which support the tendons in the wrist area.

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Carpal Bones

The wrist contains eight carpal bones arranged in two rows:

Proximal Row (from lateral to medial)

1. Scaphoid: Located near the thumb, it’s the largest bone in the proximal row.

2. Lunate: Next to the scaphoid, it has a crescent shape.

3. Triquetrum: Situated next to the lunate, it is pyramid-shaped.

4. Pisiform: A small, pea-shaped bone that sits on top of the triquetrum. It is a


sesamoid bone within the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris.

Distal Row (from lateral to medial)

5. Trapezium: Articulates with the base of the first metacarpal (thumb).

6. Trapezoid: Located next to the trapezium, it articulates with the second


metacarpal.

7. Capitate: The largest carpal bone, situated in the center of the wrist, articulates
with the third metacarpal.

8. Hamate: Has a hook-like projection (hamulus) on its palmar surface and


articulates with the fourth and fifth metacarpals.

Mnemonic for remembering the carpal bones from lateral to medial (proximal to distal):

• Proximal Row: “Some Lovers Try Positions”

• Distal Row: “That They Can’t Handle”

Muscles Around the Wrist Joint

The muscles surrounding the wrist are categorized into flexors, extensors, and muscles that aid
in radial/ulnar deviation:

Flexors (Anterior Compartment)

• Flexor Carpi Radialis: Flexes and abducts the wrist.


• Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: Flexes and adducts the wrist.

• Palmaris Longus: Weak wrist flexor (absent in some individuals).

• Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: Flexes the middle phalanges of the fingers and
contributes to wrist flexion.

• Flexor Digitorum Profundus: Flexes the distal phalanges of the fingers and assists
in wrist flexion.

Extensors (Posterior Compartment)

• Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus: Extends and abducts the wrist.

• Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis: Extends and abducts the wrist.

• Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Extends and adducts the wrist.

• Extensor Digitorum: Extends the fingers and aids in wrist extension.

• Extensor Digiti Minimi: Extends the little finger and assists in wrist extension.

Radial/Ulnar Deviators

• Radial Deviation (Abduction): Flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis longus
and brevis.

• Ulnar Deviation (Adduction): Flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris.

Additional Muscles

• Pronator Teres and Pronator Quadratus: Aid in pronation of the forearm,


indirectly affecting wrist positioning.

• Supinator: Aids in supination of the forearm.

Ligaments and Tendons

• Flexor Retinaculum (Transverse Carpal Ligament): Covers the carpal tunnel and
holds flexor tendons in place.

• Extensor Retinaculum: Secures the extensor tendons at the wrist.

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