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Mean Median Mode

Central tendency is a statistical measure that represents the center of a dataset, commonly calculated using the mean, median, and mode. The mean is the average value, the median is the middle value when data is sorted, and the mode is the most frequently occurring value. Each measure has specific steps for calculation, providing a comprehensive understanding of the data distribution.

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6 views

Mean Median Mode

Central tendency is a statistical measure that represents the center of a dataset, commonly calculated using the mean, median, and mode. The mean is the average value, the median is the middle value when data is sorted, and the mode is the most frequently occurring value. Each measure has specific steps for calculation, providing a comprehensive understanding of the data distribution.

Uploaded by

Pilamini Korako
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Definition

The central tendency is stated as the statistical measure that represents the
single value of the entire distribution or a dataset. It aims to provide an
accurate description of the entire data in the distribution
The central tendency measure is defined as the number used to represent the center
or middle of a set of data values. The three commonly used measures of central
tendency are the mean, median, and mode.

Measures of Central Tendency


The central tendency of the dataset can be found out using the three important
measures namely mean, median and mode.

Mean
The mean represents the average value of the dataset. It can be calculated as the
sum of all the values in the dataset divided by the number of values. In general, it is
considered as the arithmetic mean.

Mean
“Average” value is termed as the mean of the dataset. It is very easy to calculate
the mean.
Steps to calculate Mean:
 Step 1. Count the number of data values. Let it be n.
 Step 2. Add all the data values. Let the sum be s.
 Step 3. Mean = Sum of all data values (s)/Total number of data values(n)

Median
Median is the middle value of the dataset in which the dataset is arranged in the
ascending order or in descending order. When the dataset contains an even number
of values, then the median value of the dataset can be found by taking the mean of
the middle two values.
Median
The middle value of the sorted dataset is called the median. Consider a dataset
comprising ‘n’ elements.
Steps to calculate median:
 Step 1. The dataset is arranged in either increasing or decreasing order.
 Step 2. If the data set has an odd number of data values (n=odd), then
the middlemost value of the sorted dataset is computed as the median. In
other words, the data at (n + 1)/2 place is the median of the dataset.
 Step 3. If the dataset has an even number of data values (n = even), the
average of two middle values is computed as the median. i.e. mean of
(n/2) and {(n/2) + 1}th is the median of the dataset.

Consider the given dataset with the odd number of observations arranged in
descending order – 23, 21, 18, 16, 15, 13, 12, 10, 9, 7, 6, 5, and 2

Here 12 is the middle or median number that has 6 values above it and 6 values
below it.
Now, consider another example with an even number of observations that are
arranged in descending order – 40, 38, 35, 33, 32, 30, 29, 27, 26, 24, 23, 22, 19, and
17
When you look at the given dataset, the two middle values obtained are 27 and 29.
Now, find out the mean value for these two numbers.
i.e.,(27+29)/2 =28
Therefore, the median for the given data distribution is 28.

Mode
The mode represents the frequently occurring value in the dataset. Sometimes the
dataset may contain multiple modes and (>1 max and not all same freq) , in some
cases, it does not contain any mode at all (all freqs same).

Mode
The most frequently occurring value in the dataset is called mode.
Steps to calculate mode:
 Step 1. Use tally marks to identify how many times each data value
occurs in the dataset.
 Step 2. The data value with maximum tally is the mode of the dataset.
Consider the given dataset 5, 4, 2, 3, 2, 1, 5, 4, 5

Since the mode represents the most common value. Hence, the most frequently
repeated value in the given dataset is 5.

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