Following are the field Safety Officer Interview Questions and Answers.

What is Safety?
You can say safety is the freedom from the conditions, which can cause harm to person, damaged to property and
environment. (in short safety means free from danger)
What is Hazard?
Hazards means anything, act and condition which can cause harm or which have potential to cause harm.
What is Risk?
The chances or possibilities of being hurt/injured by a hazard is called risk.
Also RISK = LIKELIHOOD * CONSEQUENCES
What is Accident?
Accident is an event that was not planned and caused loss of life, property and environment.
What is Near-miss?
Near-miss can be defined as an event which had potential to cause harm, but didn’t happened any human loss.
What is Injury?
The harm to human body due to accident such as cuts, fracture is called injury.
What is Work at height?
Generally, work above 1.8m from ground level is considered as work at height.
What is Confined space?
The area/space which is not made for human living or the area which is subjected to limited entry, oxygen deficiency,
oxygen enrichment, poor illumination and inadequate illumination.
What is 5Es in safety?
5Es of accident prevention is a safety program which helps to prevent accidents at workplace.
5Es consists of five terms: -
Education
Encouragement
Engineering
Enforcement
Evaluation
What is Hierarchy of hazard control?
Hierarchy of hazard control is a tool which can be used to minimize or eliminate the hazard.
Hierarchy of hazard control consists of five terms which are following: -
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering control
Administrative control
PPEs
What is 5s method in safety?
5s in safety is a method which makes workplace equipment well organized and clean, it reduces wastage and save
time and overall increase the productivity.
Contents of 5s are: -
Sort
Set in order
Shine
Standardize
Sustain
What is Health & Safety policy?
Health & Safety policy is a legal document, it is a written statement of the commitment, to provide & take care of
worker’s health & safety within the organization by the top management.
What is HSE Plan?
HSE Plan is plan to carry out projects activity safely, HSE plan contains detailed and systematic safety procedure of
all activities included in a project.
Q. What is JSA?
Ans. JSA (Job Safety Analysis) is a method of hazard analysis in which we break the jobs into steps and identify the
potential hazards and safety control measures for each steps, to control the risk of harm by hazards.
Q. What are the steps of JSA?
Ans. Four steps of JSA
1. Select the job .
2. Break the jobs into steps.
3. Identify the hazards of each steps.
4. Find & decide the control measures.
Q. What are the types of Laser?
Ans. There are seven types of Laser.
1. Class 1
2. Class 1M
3. Class 2
4. Class 2M
5. Class 3B
6. Class 3R
7. Class 4
Class 1 laser is not harmful but class 4 is harmful for both eyes and skin.
Q. What is Isotopes?
Ans. Isotopes means one or more types of atom which have different mass number but same atomic number.
Example - Tritium & Protium
Q. What is Radiography Test?
Ans. Radiography Test is a process to check the welding joints by X-rays or gamma rays which produced by
radioactive isotopes.
Q. What is Alpha, beta & gama radiation?
Ans.
Alpha - Alpha particles carry positive charge, Alpha is a large particle with low penetrative power.
Beta - Beta particles carry negative charge, Beta is a small particle with high penetration power, so it is more
dangerous than Alpha radiation.
Gama - Gama particles is neutral, but it is harmful than X-rays.
Q. What is Tribometer?
Ans. Tribometer is an instrument used to measure friction or slippery surface.
Q. What is Lux meter?
Ans. Lux meter is an instrument used to measure Light or Illumination.
Q. What is Geiger meter?
Ans. By Geiger meter used to measure radiation.
Q. What is anemometer?
Ans. Anemometer is an instrument used to measure wind speed.
Q. Wind speed limit for different activities.
Ans.
1. Scaffolding - 64 Km/h
2. Crane lifting - 32 km/h
3. Man basket - 25 km/h
Q. What is Safety?
Ans. safety is the freedom from those conditions, which can cause harm to person, damaged to property and
environment. (in short safety means free from danger)
Q. Duties of a Safety Officer?
Ans
1.First responsibilities of a safety officer are to advice management on health and safety aspects of an organization.
2. He has to monitor the workplace activities and ensure that all activities are being carried with required safety rules
& norms.
3. Create safety awareness through Tool Box Talk.
4. Identify hazards and suggest suitable control measures for all activities.
5. Conduct safety trainings, meetings, programs, inspection and audit.
6. Participate in preparation of JSA, SOP, Safety Plan, Rescue Plan and Safety manuals.
7. Participate in accident investigation and safety audit.
8. Take disciplinary action against safety violation.
Q. What is H2S?
Ans. H2S gas is the most common toxic and flammable gas in oil and gas refinery, it produced by the decomposition
of organic material and by processing of chemical products in refinery.
H2S gas also Hydrogen sulfide smell very bad like a rotten egg at concentration of 1ppm, above 1ppm it cannot be
smell by nose.
It is highly flammable between 4.3% to 45.5% by volume in air.
H2S gas is a colorless gas.
It is heavier than air.
Highly soluble in water (dissolves in water).
It produced sulfur dioxide (CO2) by burning which is also a highly toxic and colorless gas.
Its permissible exposure limit is 10ppm, at 10ppm person can exposed for 8 hours without any adverse health effect.
TLV-TWA of H2S – 10 PPM
STEL of H2S – 15 PPM
IDLH of H2S – 100 PPM
Note: - at 10ppm person can expose to h2s for 8 hours without any respiratory PPEs, but no work will be allowed at
100ppm of h2s.
Q. Different in CO & CO2.
Ans. Carbon Monoxide (CO) & Carbon dioxide (CO2) both gases are colorless & odorless but carbon monoxide is
flammable, CO2 above 5000 PPM and CO above 35 PPM is harmful to humans.
Q. What is TWA?
Four categories of TLVs® are specified: time-weighted average (TWA); short-term exposure limit (STEL); surface
limit (SL); and ceiling (C). For most substances, a TWA alone or with a STEL is relevant. For some substances (e.g.,
irritant gases), only the TLV–STEL or TLV–C is applicable.
Ans. A TWA is a time-weighted average and relates to a worker's exposure to harmful substances.
Q. What is TLV?
Ans. Threshold Limit Value (TLV) means the concentration of hazardous substance in air, in which workers can be
exposed day after day for a working lifetime without adverse long term health effects.
Q. What is STEL?
Ans. Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) means the maximum concentration of a
chemical or toxic gas at which workers can exposed for up to 15 minutes, without any adverse health effects.
Q. What is CEILING VALUE?
Ceiling value: A concentration of a toxic substance in air that ACGIH (the American Conference of Governmental
Industrial Hygienists) recommends should not be exceeded at any time during the workday. This value is often used
in conjunction with the TWA.
Q. What is IDLH?
Ans. Immediately Dangerous to Life & Health (IDLH) means, the concentration of chemical or toxic gases at which if
workers will expose then it will pose an immediate threat to life.
Q. What is Flash point?
Ans. Flash point can be defined as the minimum temperature at which the vapor produced from a fuel will ignite with
the presence of an ignition source.
As flash point of Diesel is 54 degrees Celsius.
Q. What is Fire point?
Ans. Fire point is the minimum temperature at which vapor produced from the fuel will sustain a fire for at least 5
second on the presence of an ignition
source. As fire point of diesel is 57 degrees Celsius.
Q. What is auto ignition temperature?
Ans. The minimum temperature at which fuel will suddenly ignite without any external ignition source. As auto
ignition source of Diesel is 256 degrees Celsius.
Q. What is LEL & UEL?
Ans.
LEL - Lower explosive limit is the minimum concentration of flammable vapor which can burn at the presence of
ignition source.
UEL - Upper explosive limit is the maximum concentration of flammable vapor which can burn at the presence of
ignition source.
Q. What is NFPA Fire diamond?
Ans. NFPA - National fire protection association.
NFPA fire diamond is a diamond shape symbol with four colors, which indicates four information of chemicals.
1. Red - Fire Hazards
2. Blue - Health Hazards
3. Yellow - reactivity.
4. Special - Hazards.
Q. Duties of Hole Watcher/Confined Space attendant?
Ans.
1. He will ensure that valid work permit is available.
2. Stop the work if all safety measures are not taken as mentioned in work permit.
3. Keep entry/exit log sheet and mention name of entrants and person who are coming out from confined space.
4. Keep communicating with workers in verbal/visual means.
5. Be alert, monitor the workplace condition and know the location of assembly point, wind shock ?, emergency
contact number.
6. On any emergency evacuate all workmen from confined space.
7. Ensure entry/exit access is clear.
8. Raise alarm in case of incident in confined space.
9. Assist emergency team where necessary.
10. Always present at entry point during work.
Q. If major gas release occurred where will you go?
Ans. Control room or maintenance room because these two places are gas/blast proof inside plant.
Q. If any fire incident occurred where will you go?
Ans. Assembly point.
Q. During incident at site in which direction will you move?
Ans. In cross wind direction.
Q. For manual excavation more than 1.2 M depth which work permit is mandatory?
Ans. Confined Space entry.
Q. To rescue people in vertical position which equipment you will use.
Ans. Retractable fall arrester with tripod.
Q. Only safety officer have authority to stop the unsafe work?
Ans. No any person can stop unsafe work.
Q. What is the main purpose of Accident Investigation?
Ans. To find the root cause of accident and to learn the leasson from accident.
Q. Why it is important to inspect tool & tackles at work site.
Ans. To insure that all tools are in good working condition and there is no any defect.
Q. What is unsafe act & unsafe condition?
Ans. Unsafe act is a act perform by a person which is not safe for himself or people surrounding him such as working
without PPE & Horseplay.
Unsafe condition is a hazardous work area where carrying a work is not safe such as poor housekeeping.
Q. What is Confined Space?
Ans. Confined Space means such space where there is limited access & egress and there may be oxygen deficiency,
oxygen enrichment, lack of ventilation & lack of illumination.
Such as - Tanks, Silos, vessels, excavation above 1.2M
Q. What is Hydrotesing?
Ans. Hydrotesing is process in which heigh pressurized water used to check the leakage from pipe joints and
equipments.
Q. Hazards of Hydrotesing.
Ans. Heigh pressure, weak joints, slip & trip.
Q. What is sand blasting?
Ans. Sand blasting is a process in which we use abrasives in heigh pressure to remove paint, rust or sticky materials
from pipes and equipments.
Q. Hazards of sand blasting?
Ans. Dust, noise, vibration, heigh pressure.
Q. What is MSDS?
Ans. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is a document which contains information of chemicals and products such
as details of manufacturer, chemical properties, PPE to be used, fire safety and first aid measures.
Q. What is SWL?
Ans. Safe working load (SWL) is the maximum safe load of tools or equipment which can bear a load without any
damage.
Q. What is trench?
Ans. Tranch is a narrow excavation whose depth is bigger than width.
Q. What is shoring?
Ans. Shoring is a support system used in excavation to prevent collapse of soil.
Q. Minimum overlapping allowed for plank?
Ans. 12 inches.
Q. Height of top rail in Scaffolding?
Ans. 38-45 inches.
Q. Safe level of oxygen in confined space?
Ans. 19.5-23.5%
Q. What is use of nitrogen and when it is harmful.
Ans. Nitrogen gas generally uses in shut down projects for purging, because nitrogen displace oxygen and flammable
gas from pipes & equipment, but above 78% nitrogen is known as silent killer because it is esophagus gas.
Note:- For any excavation deeper than 1m, ladder must be positioned projecting minimum 1 meter above the edge of
the excavations.
Ladders shall be provided every 7.5 meters (25 feet) of lateral travel in the trench.
Ladders shall be securely supported at the bottom as well as at the top.
Excavated material shall be placed 1m from the edge of the excavation for depth up to 1.2 meter.
(Accordingly placement of excavated material shall be increased proportion to the depth of excavation.)
Heavy equipment, machinery shall be kept at least 3 meters away from the edge.
Fire Safety officer Interview Questions & Answers.
1. What is Fire?
Ans.
Fire is a visible chemical chain reaction between oxygen and fuel in the presence
of heat or temperature. At the result of this reaction heat and light produces.
2. What are the elements of Fire?
Ans.
In past decades there was three elements of fire were discovered: -
Fuel (Combustible material)
Oxygen (Air)
Heat (Temperature)
But after some researches four element of fire is discovered: -
Fuel
Oxygen
Heat
Chain Reaction.
Fire safety questions and answers.
3. What if fire triangle?
Ans.
Fire triangle is a sample module to provide information of all three elements
of fire (Fuel, oxygen & Heat) in a triangle form.
4. What is fire tetrahedron?
Ans.
Fire can’t be occurring only by three elements itself (Fuel, Oxygen & Heat), suppose these all three elements are
present in the three corner of a room, is the fire possible without any reaction, simple the answer is not. So to occur a
fire there must a reaction among all three elements and here fire tetrahedron discovered.
There are four elements of fire in fire tetrahedron.
Fuel
Oxygen
Heat
Chain Reaction.
5. What are the classification of fire?
Ans.
As per International standard fire is classified in six categories: -
Class A Fire
Class B Fire
Class C Fire
Class D Fire
Class E Fire
Class F Fire
As per Indian standard fire is classified in five categories: -
Class A Fire
Class B Fire
Class C Fire
Class D Fire
Class F Fire
Let’s know about these all types of fire: -
Class A – Solid Fire
Example – General combustible material such as – Wood, Paper, Rubber, Plastic etc.
Class B – Flammable Liquid Fire
Example – Petrol, Diesel, Paint and other flammable liquid/fuel
Class C – Gaseous Fire
Example – Flammable gases such as – Propane, butane, Methane etc.
Class D – Metal Fire
Example – Flammable metals such as – Sodium, Uranium, Potassium etc.
Class E – Electrical Fire
Example – Live electrical equipment such as computer, welding machine, electric board etc.
Note: - Electrical fire will be considered only fire on live electrical equipment once the power supply cut off fire will
be not called electrical fire.
Class F – Kitchen Fire
Example – Cooking Oils, fats etc.
6. What are the types of fire extinguisher?
Ans.
There are mainly five types of fire extinguisher: -
Water type fire extinguisher.
Chemical Foam type fire extinguisher.
Dry Chemical Powder (DCP) fire extinguisher.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) fire extinguisher.
Wet Chemical fire extinguisher
7. Types of fire extinguisher their use and color code: -
Ans.
Water type fire extinguisher – water type fire extinguisher is suitable for Class A – Solid fire, if fire occur in wood,
paper, rubber and other organic material than water fire extinguisher can be used to extinguish fire.
Water fire extinguisher can’t be used in Electrical fire, Kitchen fire and gas fire (Class E, F and C).
Bright Red color is color code of water fire extinguisher.
Foam type fire extinguisher: -
Suitable for – Solid fire and Liquid fire (Class A & B fire)
Don’t use on – Kitchen fire, electrical fire and metal fire (Class F, E & D)
Color code of Foam fire extinguisher is Cream color.
DCP Fire extinguisher: -
Suitable for - Solid fire, liquid fire and gas fire (Class A, B & C)
Don’t use on – Kitchen fire and electrical fire above 1000v (Class F & E)
Color code of DCP fire extinguisher is blue.
CO2 fire extinguisher: -
Suitable for – Electrical fire and Liquid fire (Class E & B)
Don’t use on – Kitchen fire, Solid fire and metal fire (Class F, A & D)
Color code of Co2 fire extinguisher is black.
Wet chemical fire extinguisher: -
Suitable for - Kitchen fire (Class F)
Don’t use on – Liquid fire, metal fire and electrical fire (Class B, D & E)
Color code of wet chemical fire extinguisher is Yellow.
What are the questions about fire safety
8. What are the method of fire extinguishment?
Ans.
Fire can be extinguished by four methods: -
Cooling
Starvation
Smothering
Breaking Chain Reaction.
Cooling – in this method of fire extinguishment fire extinguished by removing heat from the fire by extinguishing
agent water. (Water fire extinguisher)
Starvation – in this method of fire extinguishment fire extinguished by removing heat from the fire by removing fuel
from fire by stopping the supply of fuel.
Smothering – in this method of fire extinguishment fire extinguished by removing heat from the fire by removing
oxygen from fire by blanketing or by using Co2 fire extinguisher.
Breaking Chain Reaction - in this method of fire extinguishment fire extinguished by removing heat from the fire by
disturbing and breaking the chain reaction of fire by co2 fire extinguisher.

SAFETY
What are the safety measures to be taken, while working in tunnel? 8 Mark
Tunneling is an underground activity, tunnels are required underground access for road-ways, railways, through
mountains. Tunnels are also used for irrigation of water, drainage, mining work and defense installation.
Tunnel boring machine (TBM) used for tunneling.
Following are the safety measures to be taken, while working in tunnel: -
The shape of the tunnel must be identified to use right equipment.
Use well well maintained equipment and tools.
Testing and inspection of equipment must be done by competent persons.
Remove all debris quickly.
Provide safe and clean walkway.
Arrange proper water pumping system for drainage of water if required.
Provide adequate lighting.
Use adequate Personal Protective Equipment.
Provide jumbo platform with proper guard system i.e. guard rails and toe-guards to work near the entire face of the
tunnel during the work.
Do wet drilling to control excessive dust.
Provide separate transport vehicle for explosive materials.
Handle explosives and detonators safely.
Don’t allow smoking and any hot activity near explosives.
After blasting inspection of walls and roofs must be done to prevent collapse of wall.
Inspection of bolting and supporting of weak spot to be done regularly.
No vehicles in tunnel should be allowed overloading and over speeding.
Provide mechanical ventilation in tunnel for circulation of fresh air.
2.What are the Hazards and their control measures in Excavation? 8 Marks.
Hazards in Excavation: -
Excavation without valid work permit.
Fall of vehicles and structure during excavation.
Fall of person and material.
Poor communication – No warning signage.
Cave-in i.e. collapse of soil.
Underground water.
Underground utilities such as power line, water line, gas line etc.
Untrained workmen and machine operator.
Control measures for excavation: -
Start work after valid work permit.
Underground utilities must be identified.
Survey of hazards like fall of person, material must be done.
Provide adequate lighting and ventilation for underground excavation.
Provide proper system for water drainage.
Proper supervision by competent person.
In excavation all sides should be fenced and barricade at least height of 1 m and a danger red signal and light must be
provided.
In narrow trench ladder must be provided and ladder must be extended 1 m above ground level.
Avoid any undercut in excavated pit.
Don’t park vehicle near excavated side.
Apply technique to prevent collapse of soil such as shoring, benching where required.
3. Write hazards as safety measures in construction/repair work of chimney? 8 Marks
A chimney is a structure constructed to provide ventilation in different industries to release smoke, hot fuel, fumes,
toxic gases etc. in environment.
Hazards in construction/repair work of chimney: -
Fall of person
Fall of materials
Fire & Explosion
Electrocutions
Failure of suspended load
Failure of winch machine
Failure of passenger lift
Communication gap
Slip/trip
Bad weather condition
Safety measures in construction/repair of chimney: -
Provide safety training to workers.
Provide proper fall protection i.e. life line with full body harness.
Install safety net.
Remove all loose material from working platform.
Remove all unwanted debris.
Remove all flammable material and keep fire extinguisher at site.
All electrical equipment must be routed through ELCB.
Use only industrial electric board and plug-top.
All lifting equipment and tools must be inspected, tested and certified by third party.
Proper inspection and certification to be done of passenger lift.
Provide proper supervision.
4. What are the safety measures to be taken while handling construction machinery and transport
equipment? 5 Marks
Ans.
Machinery/equipment must be of good design and constructed with sound material.
Machine should be in working condition and of adequate strength.
To design and operate machinery principal of safety and ergonomics should be considered.
Operator should be of above 18 years old, well trained and medically fit.
Operator must be competent and have proper knowledge of signage.
Helper of banksman must be appointing during reverse movement of vehicle or machinery.
All vehicles should be equipped with proper lights, horns, silencers, power and hand brakes and reversing alarm.
Before use every day, check machinery/vehicle’s motors, engines, brakes, gears, chassis, blades, tracks, wire ropes,
sheaves, transmission parts and pneumatic and hydraulic systems.
5. What are the personal protective equipment used in construction? 5 Marks
PPE (Personal protective equipment) are the safety equipment by which a person can prevent from exposure to
hazards by wearing it.
There are generally two types of PPEs used in construction: -
a. Respiratory PPEs – Personal protective equipment use to protect respiratory organs.
Self-contained breathing apparatus.
Dust mask.
Canister mask
b. Non-Respiratory PPEs – Personal protective equipment use to protect external part of body.
Safety hard hamlet.
Safety shoes.
Hand gloves.
Safety eye wear.
Safety gum boot.
Reflective jacket.
Shoulder pad.
6. What are the safety precaution to be taken in store, handling and stacking of material in
construction? 5 Marks
Safety precaution to be taken in material storage, handling, and stacking are: -
Education – Provide proper education and training.
Stack material on a firm and even surface.
Keep heavy load on lower level.
Maintain proper housekeeping.
Don’t stack material at 3 times more height than width.
Keep flammable material separate.
Don’t stack loose material and incomplete material together.
Use mechanical lift to lift heavy load.
Mark the location as per item category.
Provide abstract free walkways.
7. What are the hazards and control measure in construction of high rise buildings? 8 Marks
Hazards in construction of high rise buildings: -
Poor planning.
Cave-in i.e. collapse of soil.
Fall of person and material.
Failure of lifting tools.
Failure of man & material lift.
Lack of PPEs
Excessive dust and noise.
Lack of competency and safety training.
Lack of emergency planning.
Safety measures in construction of high rise buildings: -
Proper planning
Follow safe working procedure.
Implement effective emergency plan.
Provide proper training.
Proper inspection and certification of lifting tools must be done.
Provide adequate PPEs
Provide proper access egress.
Maintain good housekeeping.
Spray water to control dust.
8. What are the special safety precaution to be taken while working at silo? 5 Marks
Silos should be erected on strong foundation and capable of bear load without any damaging of walls, floors and
parts.
Safe means of access must be provided such as ladder, stairs or hoists.
level indicator, notices, blockage remover and fire extinguishers should be provided and available at work site.
Use flame proof electrical equipment and non-sparking tools where there is possibilities of explosion and fire at silos.
Start work after valid work permit only.
Provide full body harness and lifeline.
9. What are the safety prevention ty avoid collapsing of structure? 4 Marks
Following safety prevention to be taken to prevent collapsing of structure: -
Planning – Before construction and erection of nay structure following points to be considered first the architectural
and engineering design of buildings, structures of the, and roofs of the, effects that their designs may have on the
safety of people who will undertake the work, does it will be a safe structure to construct and to carry out further
activities and work practices necessary to carry out the work.
Execution – During work follow safe operating procedure, inspect all tools and equipment on daily basis, provide
proper training, plan for emergency situation.
10. What are the hazards in demolition activity? 5 Marks
Fall of person and material from height. Flying debris. Premature collapse of building structure.
Excessive dust and fumes. Untrained workmen. Manual handling. Lack of PPEs. Failure of machinery.
Exposure to asbestos and other hazardous waste material. Live electricity. Improper access/egress.
11. Explain demolition operation in details? 5 Marks
Demolition is the process of dismantling, razing, destroying or wrecking of any building or structure or any part.
Demolition is a very risky task it consists many hazardous activities, demolition hazards are not limited it can be
increase on situations.
Reasons of demolition may include: -
Change in drawing of a structure or building during and after construction.
Modification in structure and building on introducing any sub structure.
To complete remove a structure or building due to its old age or for new project.
Advance diploma in industrial safety
12. What are the safety measures to be taken for scaffolding? 8 Marks
Scaffold is a man-made temporary working platform use to support man and material during work at height.
Following safety measures to be taken during scaffolding: -
Scaffolding foundation must be inspected and verified before erection.
Don’t use loose brick, wood to provide support during scaffolding.
To provide scaffold at more than 15 M height only steel scaffold will be allowed not wooden one.
Scaffold must be inspected at every 7th and after any change by competent person.
Following points but be considered during inspection of scaffold - stability of scaffold, ties and fixing, alignment of
members, bending, tightness of lashing or couplers, planks, platforms, guard rails, toe boards and condition of
ladders.
Incomplete and damaged scaffolding must be tagged with warning notice.
Always follow reverse direction for dismantling of scaffold.
Don’t throw material from height and even don’t left material laying on ground, all scaffold material must be stacked
properly.
After dismantling of scaffold, scaffold material must be stored in dry places or in boxes.
Damaged scaffolding components to be replaced and rest components to be painted to protect from weather.
Fitting and couplers should be lubricated for proper functioning.
13. What are the benefits of good housekeeping? 6 Marks
Good housekeeping promotes workplace and worker’s safety. Good housekeeping reduces accidents.
Good housekeeping reduces fire accidents. It promotes good working habit.
It increases the moral of workforce, Good housekeeping improve productivity.
It improves health of workmen. It controls the equipment/tools damaging
Q. What is Safety?
Ans. You can say safety is the freedom from those conditions, which can cause harm to person, damaged to property
and environment. (in short safety means free from danger)
Q. What are the responsibilities of a Safety Officer?
First responsibilities of a safety officer are to advice management on health and safety aspects of an organization.
He has to monitor the workplace activities and ensure that all activities are being carried with required safety rules &
norms.
Create safety awareness through Tool Box Talk.
Identify hazards and suggest suitable control measures for all activities.
Conduct safety trainings, meetings, programs, inspection and audit.
Participate in preparation of JSA, SOP, Safety Plan, Rescue Plan and Safety manuals.
Participate in accident investigation and safety audit. Take disciplinary action against safety violation.
Q. What are the common hazards in Oil & Gas refinery?
Leak of Toxic gases.
Leak of flammable gases. Fire & Explosion. Slip & trip. Confined Space. Hot Surface. Excessive noise.
Q. What is H2S gas?
Ans. H2S gas is the most common toxic and flammable gas in oil and gas refinery, it produced by the decomposition
of organic material and by processing of chemical products in refinery.
H2S gas also Hydrogen sulphide smell very bad like a rotten egg at concentration of 1ppm, above 1ppm it cannot be
smell by nose.
It is highly flammable between 4.3% to 45.5% by volume in air.
H2S gas is a colourless gas.
It is heavier than air.
Highly soluble in water.
It produced sulfur dioxide (SO2) by burning which is also a highly toxic and colorless gas.
Its permissible exposure limit is 10ppm, at 10ppm person can exposed for 8 hours without any adverse health effect.
TLV-TWA of H2S – 10 PPM
STEL of H2S – 15 PPM
IDLH of H2S – 100 PPM
Note: - at 10ppm person can expose to h2s for 8 hours without any respiratory PPEs, but no work will be allowed at
100ppm of h2s.
Q. What are the Safety precautions while working in h2s premises?
No work should be carried without valid PTW.
All workmen must be aware of h2s.
Carry personal h2s gas detector.
Keep SCBA set at work site.
Fire extinguisher and running water hose must be available at site.
Provide proper supervision.
Q. At what concentration h2s gas detector alarm?
Ans. At the 10 PPM h2s, h2s gas detector alarm.
Q. What is TLV?
Ans. Threshold Limit Value (TLV) means the concentration of hazardous substance in air, in which workers can be
exposed day after day for a working lifetime without adverse long term health effects.
Q. What is TWA?
Ans. Time Weighted Average (TWA) means the concentration of the contaminant in the air, in which workers can be
exposed for 8 hours a day and 40 hours in a week without adverse long term or short term health effects.
Q. What is STEL?
Ans. Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL) means the maximum concentration of a chemical or toxic gas at which
workers can exposed for up to 15 minutes, without any adverse health effects.
Q. What is IDLH?
Ans. Immediately Dangerous to Life & Health (IDLH) means, the concentration of chemical or toxic gases at which if
workers will expose then it will pose an immediate threat to life.
Q. What is Flash point?
Ans. Flash point can be defined as the minimum temperature at which the vapor produced from a fuel will ignite with
the presence of an ignition source. As flash point of Diesel is 54 degrees Celsius.
Q. What is Fire Point?
Ans. Fire point is the minimum temperature at which vapor produced from the fuel will sustain a fire for at least 5
second on the presence of an ignition source. As fire point of diesel is 57 degrees Celsius.
Q. What is Auto Ignition temperature?
Ans. The minimum temperature at which fuel will suddenly ignite without any external ignition source. As auto
ignition source of Diesel is 256 degrees Celsius.
Q. What is LEL?
Ans. Lower explosive limit is the minimum concentration of flammable vapor which can burn at the presence of
ignition source.
Q. What is UEL?
Ans. Upper explosive limit is the maximum concentration of flammable vapor which can burn at the presence of
ignition source.
Q. What is PTW?
Ans. Permit to work is a written permission issued by an authorized person to carry out an activity in a safe manner, at
a certain location for a fixed period of time.
Q. What are the types of PTW?
Ans. Generally, there are two types of permit followed by maximum companies.
Hot work (RED color) – Permit issued for hot work such as welding, cutting, confined space entry etc.
Cold work (Yellow/Blue color) – Permit issued for cold work such as excavation, scaffolding, housekeeping etc.
Q. What are the safety precautions for welding & cutting?
No work to be carried without valid work permit.
LEL/Gas test must be done before starting the job.
Remove all combustible material from site.
Keep fire extinguisher and running water hose at site.
Appoint fire watcher.
All welding & cutting machine must be inspected and tagged.
Only authorized person will be allowed at site.
Cover all drain, valve with fire blanket.
Q. Who is fire attendant/fire watcher/hole watcher?
Ans. Fire attendant is a trained and authorized person who will appoint near hot work to monitor hot work activities to
control fire accident and take necessary action in case of fire.
In case of confined space hole watcher will stand outside of confined space and will maintain entry/exit log book for
confined space entrants, in case of emergency, it is the responsibility of a hole watcher is to stand outside of confined
space for communication.
Q. What is confined space?
Ans. Confined space is an area not designed for humans, confined space can be subjected to limited entry, presence of
toxic gases and lack of ventilation.
Q. What are the hazards of confined space?
Oxygen deficiency – oxygen less than 19.5% Lack of ventilation and illumination
Oxygen enrichment – oxygen more than 23.5% Presence of toxic and flammable gases