Coin 4hen he sarmge space S-fh,ry

Pobolslty
Basic conte pis ot pmoag Types of,evenls:
hen he samee sqaces
Ehpeniment: the protess ofbihyobsewaton
expeniment: : y enphy ofof a tse ot a
aSample
Event in a rOndom e is
o Spaçe
toin, toling ie
ñEchat events pOsslble tomeS in aran
dlomexpment ealed ethaustve events
IF the Tesult can be )Muhually éxclu[ive
Qrediet, ie xusive Jents? Tuo
werts Tuo everts are
unique mutualy clusive if
Said mur if theis intersetior
a) Non greitabe eapesient A xpesimant is mutually chusive tverts hen
y: Tossing intersechien
opeskes oi randonm expeóment:
Random xperimert eon be Conduded in EAossing Com
y no- of times epeedly undes the idenke
aundtinS toming p a tad ae mtually rcsive
tomes re known in adnce
3The atual ateome tn o particulas Case is
3) Equall Nketg eents, he syents ue aid to
in advonee cose
Trgd: choneeofccUKs
trgid 4) Comjementoa evnts: hyo events ore said
ottome:
"he ieSutt of Veay pestoSMante inm a YOndom Af heiY inlexsechi
expeaiment On outome :and ynion
uni0n is,is enire samde spoce
õmple Spuce: hus e s thg evert of
ComQlementis Sample spae hen
dehine
erperiment is
 ertyuents
ehchsive
mudayqnd na
Favourable 3)
Concened
event 4Dkpendent
If: 6) in
he
no-othe fuolbab affects docsntaftcthe
Tndeenden
Pobatblihy:
Glasical
deknion
random AS event
umd
) n(E) lihy
G
are he
(onjuchion
verts onAcusive ex favouoble
Olermertoa evéNts(alled with event : eent:OCUYOnce ve event:
euend dependentuttome independent
permen the OCCUCAme

sf nd qhe he he with
fuvoura Outome
the happening t cuttome each
utomestht eventsen outwme the
nses im
5
expesinenti eqadly ble euents of othex
Cases ora events otheY. She ot
1ikey t of then othex one
ae the n Iho
ciun

Salement:Let
P(AVe)Space
then:
probabln
Stoteand ) a)Ronchon
)Azigm: ifoffunchi
. of om Let be
§. S then, fE
eventsAxioAsm om Pababl
Aviomisty of
AnB ofof
eE)P(e) -P(E) PCE)denoes
P(A)+
PIove
cetainity P:sR :
nthe
A, -
P(8)-PCA inte m
8
be uo
events the
(s)= ` Sam
n6) uo
addional 4 S6id ple
evants topate
be
o
theorem
-o probslihy t
exdasive eal
Somple vgluc.
of
 P(A00)
P(AUB): P(A) + P(0)
theoem of Ppi
State nd prve addihon
3batement: La A, 8, G,c be thiee evenhs
is 9.
then : the faces
alleost

ASum on tates 's 9

tonsides HS: Given (6,3) , (3,)3
A (s0, (hr6,
favouaqble outtomes
36

B:43, (a), (3.5),(9,6,),(6,)

G), (6,2), (Gd, (6w G,)y
P(c)>

HUnce patd
36
4, he on babilhies of shudents to Golwe 3

problem in mathemahis r e t spech

hnd the probabihy hat ,the problem con be
Slved by 3 Shodets 35

PCH)

P(an8n):
 +P(A0e0c)
20YP(A)a
1ouspape).
atieast fead Mopopl
t ahion
P(EJ
3
a
has &ievent the oteo
called cuvedis spuce sample ain
the tPE)E0,
hn 5
PLc) 5
62
Pave)
+{(6)- A) :
P(Ane)
P(6):
evtat the be 8Let
of
aent Hhe be A
ace geting of s a wIns
pade pde
ace or
what ruxd haice is
the is
p0pab
hy i same te howe
itthat B
 Town thee aYe. yo of brown
certan bth
In a eyes is of
) oF bron elecRd at andom: Gnd the Prooabihy
pssnis
A

broan ee8)
brn ep, whot is the probabity that ke
)afhehas bown has
.
fuo eerts such AeSN haye thot he hos nether bown
ho brown ha
Rnd () PC ne) CAu) P(onE)5
100
100
L00
0345

i ) Eer
(15
)
:
|- P(6VH)
Three Mahines A,8.6 prodae w
30 30. P(EnH)= 50
30,oy
4)Tuo matbles are
30
hgblks gith eQluema bein made ates Rach oloy
|0

L00

Lat E, be Nent of 1st Marble ouing white

(onA)+ P(DA) +e(on)

P(0):
30
X4
1000
|000
|00
lty bdina bth maybls being whtk
 30
being ved
uen oft narble
E: P(B)
I Lct
15
being auhe +

a mavble
P(Ane)
Ey Cuwnt P(A)= "PCO) 9
5

PCA)

The shudents in a caSS re skcled at

white maxbles. One atkr the hex r exam
eKon
5vd s 3 Ondom
5) 6ok A Contains
o rhains
Gohite
mooles.t
what.is the ad the proabliy trot he oys and s
marbe drau) mgcb\es meqth box-. he qanb e Sit alemaiveliIi there ave 5
that the donwn 5
Macble droaun bom bboxd
ss Total no o shudents
4

5 Shey can yronged in q tactosia) was Since

and Can sit
5

olesndey
(Aobability tat both mables ave 1ed a 0
altknahuey
5

B(E) P(E)-x
P(6 n6,)

+ 35
8
 wdusive vents and A is a aybhak
tos match muudll
5
wathes, what is papaalihy that
loose al| three matches mutualy txcusive
)Tndio uill are
tvent in
ong mat
tiü)Tndia wil win alenst
most nt mat wntten as
(i Tndia will win Sample smu 5this (an be

0SA
des, | A
Let us ons
P(w)
poabilts that Frdio
Ihdies
æ Tndia, will loose all three mafthes
proabilythal je have

126

wil
will win oHeast ohe mathe
win pbabilty
that
Bg the definion of ton diNonal

125/
(U),India will Win
pataibilihythat

2. 3 B9 the, definhon. (ondtiono!

5 5 5
(AnE)
9
25
 Tabng smmahion defechive bolt
Toorn nahine S

ti)prban1hty 3)

P(3))

() G)x(o)G)G)
Hence proued (9):
I: Tn a bolt

and 6,3:s and 30,

) 50/
a/: are delecoive qiven by
bdtit
and it is nd t (5)

data:

5 men tof. 1oo 25

09 kobabilihs -of defective bolt From macking Outo 0000 Qre color
blindA tolouy blind
A is Qvn by erson iS sleted at rondom shat is the
probakly a person be 0 man (assy me
hale female
10,00O

By Bayes heorem we heuse

31
 0 P(2) 3o
100

Fosthy arntng
10 000 P(2)-!
By bays thimerm:
P(2)
4 uhte and 6 5 ed balls. ne ball is
f()
r()
Tandom ct found to be ved- 5ind tho
probabilihy that the ved is drun ton

procuces 4o of the
factoy machine A
A the 0upo
So)
by Bayes thiorem: 5) Tn a machine &. Produces machin
kout
wtput and
P()e) produce by
ikms in as0
defechive (s dtanot
An item
rochine
is. delective
outpt is defechive what
andom Gsom a days
that t was
produee by
i3 the

P(B)

A busineSS man
geo
so'', 3 ot He. ime respechveyit 6 By Bayes theoem
K, Y,2. holels haue fauthy pumbing what i

): P(8)P(e) 5
)
)
 A man kngwn to speal tath
He ouS a tie and piscuee Yordom Vasinbl
Rnd the puobbilhy Ahal
tha achutlly 6 Coital X
eoy ket K, be the event hat thYo 0s inteauas 6f Dotnoin
he die is lled Ahen P(E) noc
tL: The Kondsr yonae denotin

Contus Kandom Nosidoe A Kondom

X
olwes (ortu e whih
Let A be the eent hat he takes ll he in ai u o l
man is elo
Called CRV

Ex:
P(): ime
Pobalbilny ibuhion funcion:
he
ondom Vosiabla hen ()P l
dishabuhon fncion
()-()') caled prdobly
Thexe axe

0Y
Eonthien
Random Variades a ConhnUOUS POF
vonaole
PME : 6uppose Xis i5 0 discoee vondom
Random vasable X whoSe value 5 delesnied h
with pstslbe utomes XX- . then the puobdlhy
then
the utone of as andbm expeiment eramg
tssing & oins, then no of hends ave
the umbers Rx) satshes the lwng fwo
ondihons
Tosing 3 coins, he no o heads
Xo,3y
rondom Noziables the prbably aistiovtion Py=*) )s
Said to be totiies 1 .saishes popehes
 Mean, Varinnc )
sBadqrc varience
deviation
Mass hnchion :
NoTE
Mean u): E() ;P()

Etr expectabon o X
voviable x
andom variable has the follouwing
probabilily fundion
3

ak 3k 3k ak

Acbesmine (i) k PD<6. Puz6), (ocx<s).

Standard devahon (o) n

Meqn Voriance, stándord devighon of obobilh,

fok4qk- =0
Uen ): E(«)*
(probabiA shouid ve).
-

Stundard dunaioo (o):

 Nanance
19k t 4 k t

25W71k43431

A Yandom vusiabie x is dehned as sun of

nambers on he taces ushen the thuo dies o
Folse throaun fnd the mean of x
the pobalolihy dshibuhion Roncien is
.5k
22?5618a 12
3* > 2 34 2

0-3 >fase 36136363b

35)34B3 36

) +R>

K=4) sases he condihon

3- A smple o 4 Hemo 90 seleled ot random
box contaiming 1a ihems of which
delechve tems R-itenms
Let
,3,3,43. 4- Seleckd ancon

66 36k
 Knd

P(x-)y fonchi , o
he prsonoy toouhon 3
2 3

distabuhbn table 's

pbalbilhy ot |)Mean
Dhe
n

35 33 94

Mean

pmbabi dishboh
(*424324
Knd )k (i ean (iy Va00.n ce

(nt2n)

5
single
ot a hs
heno - of heads in otss
25x8
denotes

tii) MeUn. iv) Naion ce

he poob,ly distaibion toble is:
2
a5
3 I
H
P
 cii) s ,
)

haves

3
) Vagiance :
3

-
nchon.
Distabyh'on
&ummulhive 'Vazig be the
Suppose x s a sandom
Distabution Aunchon is aiven by

ah ere x is
iS. an itteqe
Qn
isteger
Incase ConiuouS

4 A tonhinyous rondom vaigble x hs cistabohh 4k

(-j5
iy Vaiqne

kCx-);iSe3
I
iv)VoninnC
-2 -22 -22

2 o-o) - (o-l

Varionce:

f a conhnous Onha
he cummulahive DE
ariable i6
oheswise
Find

-17
oherse

-
 Ce
hi
Given, S)
variak probabkhy he
dstabjhon Varígne
t men.
that show
LATE I
3
value Knd, 19
qof
DEliplobgb1
hy
Conhins a S)I'
 \X)

vable $ given by
)A Conhinius Yondom
where psooaokhy
meon

wkt

i
6
 6x

vandole
A conitous TOnd0m

Ven thot fuy is a denshy

(3-x)2.

dY

(342
3