History of Architecture 2

EUROPEAN STATE:
THE AGE OF REVIVAL
CARULLO, CLARENCE
MACANDOG, RENELYN
SAMSON, ARIAN VHIELIE
 AGE OF REVIVAL
spans the late 18th century to the early 20th century.
seeks to recreate or draw inspiration from earlier
architectural styles and traditions.
can involve the reimagining of historical designs.
emerged as a response to the industrialization and rapid
urbanization of the 19th century.
revival styles were often applied to public architecture
 NEOCLASSICAL
Late 18th - early 19th
Inspired by Classical Greek and Roman Architecture
Characterized by grandeur, symmetry, simplicity
Emphasizes straight lines, columns and dome
Reviving classical ideals of enlightenment
Prominent across europe, western world
Three types of Neoclassical Architecture:
1. Palladian style Architecture
Villa La Rotonda (Vicenza,Veneto, Italy)
1567-1590s
Location: Vicenza, Veneto, Italy
Architect/s: Andrea Palladio
Construction Method: Masonry with classical elements.
Plan: Square plan with a central circular hall and four porticos.
Materials: Stone, brick, and stucco.

Palladian window Palladian door

2. Temple Style
Pantheon (Paris, France)

1758-1790
Location: Paris, France
Architect/s:
Jacques-Germain Soufflot,
completed by Jean-Baptiste Rondelet
Construction Method: Masonry construction
with large dome supported by a colonnade.
Plan: Cruciform plan with a central dome and
a portico entrance.
Materials: Stone, marble, and iron.
3. Classical Block
Bibliotheque Sainte-Genevieve

Completed in 1851
located10 Place du Panthéon, Paris,
France
Architect/s: Henri Labrouste
Iron frame supporting the roof,
masonry walls.
Rectangular plan with a large, open
reading room.
Materials: Iron, glass, stone.
 VICTORIAN
Predominant during Queen Victoria's reign (1837-1901)
Elaborate ornamentation
Mixing different architectural ideas
Attention to details
Gothic Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne
Notable features: steep gable roofs, bay windows, intricate
woodwork
Reflects prosperity, innovation
Early Victorian Architecture (1830s-1850s)

Osborne House

Date: 1845-1851
Location: Isle of Wight, England
Architect/s:
Thomas Cubitt (with contributions by
Prince Albert)
Construction Method: Masonry
construction with stuccoed brick.
Plan: Symmetrical plan with Italianate
towers and terraces.
Materials: Brick, stucco, and cast iron.
High Victorian (1850-1870 AD)
The Natural History Museum

Date: 1873-1881
Location: London, England
Architect/s: Alfred Waterhouse
Construction Method: Polychrome
brickwork with terracotta ornamentation.
Plan: Symmetrical plan with a central hall
and flanking wings.
Materials: Brick, terracotta, and iron.
Late Victorian Architecture (1870s-1901)

The Biltmore Estate

Date: 1889-1895
Location: Asheville, North Carolina, USA
Architect/s: Richard Morris Hunt
Construction Method: Masonry
construction with a steel frame.
Plan: Châteauesque style (opulence and
grandeur, often evoking a sense of
romanticism and historical nostalgia) with
a complex, asymmetrical plan.
Materials: Limestone, brick, and slate.
 ART NOUVEAU
THE NEW ART
(late 19th - early 20th)
Derived from the ‘Arts and Crafts Movement’ in Britain
An art free from any historical styles
Deliberate simplification of structural elements
Arch'ral character: dynamic and organic forms, curving design, simplification of
structural elements, intricate nature-inspired decorative motifs
Arch'ral features:
Asymmetrical Lines and Movement Versions of Art Nouveau:
Organic Motifs France - Le Modern Style
Wide Combination of Materials
Germany - Jugendstil
Sculptural Concrete and Ironwork
Earth and Jewel Tone Color Palettes Austria - Sezessione
Stained Glass and Intricate Window Panes Italy - Stile Liberty
Spain - Modernismo
 CASA BATLLÓ
Casa dels ossos (House of Bones)

Date: Built in 1877

Location: Barcelona, Spain
Architect/s: Antoni Gaudí
Architectural Details
Construction Method: Use of Iron and Steel
structure, Trencadis Mosaic technique, Utilization of
Catalan Vaulting, Organic shapes and parabolic
arches, natural lighting and ventilation system
Plan: Rectangular plan with seven main floor levels
Materials: stone, metal, wood, ceramic
Status/History:
1903 - Josep Batllo buys the building
1941 - Chamartin animation studios settle in Casa
Battlo
1954 - Seguros Iberia acquired Casa Battlo
2000 - Main facade and building restoration
2002 - Opening to the Public
2005 - UNESCO World Heritage Site
Present time: Open for visitors
Casa Batlló’s plan Catalan Vaulting
 ARTS AND CRAFTS
THE CRAFTSMAN STYLE
(late 19th)
A movement started by the British Isles
Emphasized craftsmanship, simplicity natural materials
Opposition to Art Nouveau
Movement influenced various aspects of designs:
Architecture
Furniture
Decorative arts
Arch'ral character: Structural, Simplicity, Native materials
Arch'ral features:
Exposed beams
Strong posts
Rafters that extend past the roof line The Red House in London
brick or render frontages
hipped roofs
bay and lantern windows
 THE RED HOUSE
Date: Built in 1859-1860
Location: Bexleyheath, London, England
Architect/s: William Morris and Philip Webb
Architectural Details
Construction Method: Brickworks, Timber framing
and joinery, Pointed Arches and Steep Roofs,
Structural layout, Garden integration
Plan: Asymmetrical plan
Materials: bricks, timber, glass
Status/History:
1859 - Design and Construction
1860 -1865 - Morris Residency
1865 - Morris sells Red House
1890s - Arts and Crafts Influence
2003 - Acquisition by the National Trust
Present day: Tourist Attraction
 ART DECO
ARTS DÉCORATIFS
(early 19th)
Originated in Paris 1910s
Reached its peak in1920s
Early 1930 in US and Europe
Influencing a wide range of designs building to everyday objects
Combines modernist avant-garde styles with rich materials, motifs from diverse
cultures
Arch'ral character: Geometric elegance and luxurious ornamentation
Arch'ral features:
Steeped forms
Zigzag patterns
Stylized motifs
 CHRYSLER BUILDING
Date: Built in May 27, 1930
Location: New York, US
Architect/s: William Van Alen
Architectural Details
Construction Method: Steel framework,
Masonry cladding, specialized
ornamentation
Plan: Square (rectangular) plan with 77 main
floor levels and height of 319 m
Materials: steel, bricks, glass, concrete,
ornamental materials (copper, nickel, and
chromium)
Status/History:
March 1929 - Construction begun
October 23, 1929 - Chrysler Building
becomes the first tallest man-made structure
in the world for a brief time.
May 1930 - opens to the public
Present time: office building