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CentOS 6 Linux Server
Cookbook

A practical guide to installing, configuring, and

administering the CentOS community-based
enterprise server

Jonathan Hobson

BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI
CentOS 6 Linux Server Cookbook

Copyright © 2013 Packt Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher,
except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.

Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the
information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without
warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers
and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or
indirectly by this book.

Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies
and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt
Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

First published: April 2013

Production Reference: 1090413

Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.

Livery Place
35 Livery Street
Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.

ISBN 978-1-84951-902-1

www.packtpub.com

Cover Image by Jasmine Doremus ([email protected])

 Credits

Author Project Coordinator

Jonathan Hobson Abhishek Kori

Reviewers Proofreader
Ugo Bellavance Mario Cecere
Benoît Benedetti
Frank Lemmon Indexer
Hemangini Bari

Acquisition Editor
Joanne Fitzpatrick Production Coordinator
Shantanu Zagade

Lead Technical Editor

Dayan Hyames Cover Work
Shantanu Zagade

Technical Editors
Dominic Pereira
Saijul Shah
 About the Author

Jonathan Hobson is a Web Developer, Systems Engineer, and Applications Programmer,

who, for more than 20 years has been working behind the scenes to support companies,
organizations, and individuals around the world to realize their digital ambitions. With an
honors degree in both English and History and as a respected practitioner of many computer
languages, Jonathan enjoys writing code, publishing articles, building computers, playing
video games, and getting "out and about" in the big outdoors. He has been using CentOS
since its inception and over the years, it has not only earned his trust, but it has become his
first-choice server solution. CentOS is a first class community-based enterprise class operating
system, it is a pleasure to work with, and because of this, Jonathan has written this book in
order that his knowledge and experience can be passed on to others.
 About the Reviewers

Ugo Bellavance, who has done most of his studies in e-commerce, started using Linux at
Red Hat 5.2, got Linux training from Savoir-Faire-Linux at age 20, and got his RHCE on RHEL
6 in 2011. He's been a consultant in the past, but he's now an employee for a provincial
government agency for which he manages the infrastructure (servers, workstations, network,
security, virtualization, SAN/NAS, PBX). He's a big fan of open source software and its underlying
philosophy. He's worked with Debian, Ubuntu, SUSE, but what he knows best is RHEL-based
distributions. He's known for his contributions to the MailScanner project (he has been a
technical reviewer for the MailScanner book), but also dedicated his time to different open
source projects such as Mondo Rescue, OTRS, SpamAssassin, pfSense, and a few others.

I thank my lover, Lysanne, who accepted to allow me some free time slots
for this review even with a two year-old and a six month-old to take care of.
The presence of these three human beings in my life is simply invaluable.

I must also thank my friend Sébastien, whose generosity is only matched

by his knowledge and kindness. I would never have reached that high in my
career if it wasn't for him.

Benoît Benedetti works as a Linux System Administrator, for the University of Nice Sophia
Antipolis, where he graduated with a degree in computer science.

He is always interested in resolving new problems, as it's an opportunity to work with new
technologies. Benoît loves helping users, teaching students, and writing technical articles for
GNU/Linux Magazine and GNU/Linux Pratique—the historical monthly magazines about Linux
in France.

He would like to thank every person who dedicates their time developing
free and open source software, and making them available for us to
play with.
Frank Lemmon is a Senior Software QA Professional with seven years of
CentOS experience. His past work experience includes working at Yahoo!,
Qualys, Hewlett-Packard, and various other start-ups.

He worked as a reviewer on the first edition of the book, OWASP Developer's Guide.

In memory of my father, who valued the importance of education and was

an inspiration to me.
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This book is dedicated to my family. I couldn't have done it without you.
 Table of Contents
Preface 1
Chapter 1: Installing CentOS 7
Introduction 7
Downloading CentOS and confirming the checksum on a Windows desktop 8
Performing an installation of CentOS using the graphical installer 13
Running a netinstall over HTTP 19
Installing CentOS in Text Mode and building a minimal installation 22
Re-installing the boot loader 27
Updating the installation and enhancing the minimal install with
additional administration and development tools 29
Finishing the installation process with Firstboot 32
Adding the GNOME desktop environment, 34
changing the runlevel, and installing additional software 34
Chapter 2: Configuring CentOS 39
Introduction 39
Changing the time zone and updating the hardware clock 40
Synchronizing the system clock with NTP 45
Setting a static IP address 51
Binding multiple IP addresses to a single Ethernet device 57
Bonding two Ethernet devices to increase bandwidth and provide redundancy 59
Changing the hostname and resolving a fully qualified domain name 64
Switching SELinux off 69
Disabling the IPv6 module 72
Table of Contents

Chapter 3: Working with CentOS 77

Introduction 77
Creating an administrative user and becoming root with the switch
user command 78
Introducing mailx and forwarding the root's e-mail to an external
e-mail address 82
Automating tasks with cron 85
Synchronizing files and directories with 88
rsync and working towards a full system backup with cron 88
Issuing customized e-mail reports with Mutt 93
Using logrotate to manage logfiles 97
Extending log rotation by adding NTP to logrotate 99
Using chkconfig to enable a custom service at boot 102
Evaluating current memory usage with the free and top commands
and clearing the memory cache 106
Chapter 4: Managing Packages with Yum 113
Introduction 113
Updating the system with YUM 114
Cleaning the YUM cache 117
Automating Yum updates with Yum-cron 119
Installing packages with YUM 122
Removing packages with YUM 127
Finding packages with YUM 131
Installing Yum Priorities to support additional repositories 137
Enhancing CentOS with the EPEL and Remi repositories 141
Chapter 5: Securing CentOS 145
Introduction 145
Escalating user privilege with sudo 145
Hardening the secure shell environment 150
Configuring a firewall and working with IPTables 156
Protecting SSH with fail2ban 161
Preventing dictionary-based attacks with DenyHosts 166
Running antivirus scans with ClamAV 171
Chapter 6: Working with Samba 175
Introduction 175
Configuring Samba as a standalone server and enabling home directories 175
Adding, deleting, and disabling a Samba user 185
Providing a network recycle bin for Samba 188
Hiding folders and files with Samba 193
Creating a custom share folder for a specific user or a group of users 195
ii
 Table of Contents

Chapter 7: Working with Domains 203

Introduction 203
Building a caching-only nameserver with BIND 204
Writing zone files for BIND 213
Adding zones to BIND and configuring a nameserver 220
Deploying a local nameserver with dnsmasq 224
Logging events with dnsmasq and combining this with logrotate 231
Enabling domain name wildcards with dnsmasq 235
Hardening BIND with chroot and providing better security measures 238
Chapter 8: Working with Databases 243
Introduction 243
Installing and hardening MySQL server with mysql_secure_installation 243
Creating a MySQL database, adding a MySQL user, and assigning user
privilege from the command line 248
Installing PostgreSQL, adding a user, and creating your first database 254
Configuring remote access to PostgreSQL 259
Chapter 9: Providing Mail Services 263
Introduction 263
Enabling a domain-wide Mail Transport Agent (MTA) and testing your
SMTP configuration with Telnet 264
Building a local POP3/SMTP server with Postfix and Dovecot 270
Closing the open relay, enabling SMTP authentication and dealing with
Spam by configuring SASL, and enabling Postfix header and body checks 274
Using Postfix and Dovecot to serve e-mails across virtual domains 281
Chapter 10: Working with Apache 287
Introduction 287
Installing the Apache web server with CGI/Perl, PHP, configuring
mod_perl, and preparing httpd for a production environment 288
Adding a secure connection to the Apache web server by creating
a self-signed SSL certificate using OpenSSL 299
Hosting peers by enabling user directories on the Apache web server
and troubleshooting suexec 304
Configuring Apache name-based virtual hosting 309
Working with publishing directories, vhosts.d, error documents, directives,
and the rewrite rule for virtual hosting with the Apache web server 316

iii
Table of Contents

Chapter 11: Working with FTP 327

Introduction 327
Building a basic FTP service by installing and configuring VSFTP 327
Providing a secure connection to VSFTP with SSL/TLS using
OpenSSL encryption 333
Implementing virtual users and directories in standalone mode on VSFTP 338
Providing an anonymous upload and download or download only
FTP server with VSFTP 343
Index 349

iv
 Another Random Document on
Scribd Without Any Related Topics
 15 Spirit of Burning 25 50 04
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17 Ifs and Whys of Baptism 50 32 04
18 Sanctification 25 25 02
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the Sabbath?
22 Is The End Near? 100 ” “
23 The Rest Day 25 63 04
24 Ownership and Tithing 100 50 03
For any of the foregoing, address your Tract Society, or the
Publishers.

PACIFIC PRESS PUBLISHING CO.,

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 Thoughts from the
Mount of Blessing

BY MRS. E. G. WHITE

A reverential exposition of the sermon on the mount. It is difficult to

praise this volume too highly. The following notice concerning it
appeared in an eastern religious journal, and is only a sample of
many more at our command:—

“Its entire trend indicates the author’s confidence in the words of

Christ, ‘The words that I speak unto you, they are spirit and they
are life.’ While those words were first addressed to a
cosmopolitan gathering centuries ago, they are applicable to all
time and come to us still brightened with that same ‘spirit’ and
that same ‘life.’”

It contains over 200 pages, is richly illustrated, and well bound in

cloth, at 75c, and half cloth with marbled edges, at $1.00.

Pacific Press Publishing Co.

OAKLAND, CAL.
39 Bond St., New York City 18 W. 5th St., Kansas City, Mo.

REVIEW & HERALD PUBLISHING CO.

Battle Creek, Mich.
243 S. Boulevard, Atlanta, Ga.
571 Yonge St., Toronto, Ont.

Transcriber’s Notes:
Missing or obscured punctuation was silently
corrected.
Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation were made
consistent only when a predominant form was
found in this book.
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