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Some Important Points in History Chapter 2 Nationalism in India

The Quit India Movement, initiated by Gandhiji in 1942, aimed for the complete withdrawal of British rule from India following the failure of the Cripps Mission and the impact of World War II. The movement saw widespread participation from various sections of society, including students, workers, and women, despite a strong British crackdown that took over a year to suppress. Additionally, the Independence Day Pledge of 1930 emphasized the right to freedom and the necessity for India to achieve complete independence from British exploitation.

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21 views2 pages

Some Important Points in History Chapter 2 Nationalism in India

The Quit India Movement, initiated by Gandhiji in 1942, aimed for the complete withdrawal of British rule from India following the failure of the Cripps Mission and the impact of World War II. The movement saw widespread participation from various sections of society, including students, workers, and women, despite a strong British crackdown that took over a year to suppress. Additionally, the Independence Day Pledge of 1930 emphasized the right to freedom and the necessity for India to achieve complete independence from British exploitation.

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Quit India Movement

 The failure of the Cripps Mission and the effects of World War II created widespread
discontentment in India.
 This Led Gandhiji to launch a movement calling for complete withdrawal of the
British from India.
 The Congress Working Committee, in its meeting in Wardha on 14 July 1942, passed
the historic ‘Quit India’ resolution demanding the Immediate transfer of power to
Indians and quit India.
 On 8 August 1942 in Bombay, the All India Congress Committee Endorsed the
resolution which called for a non-violent mass struggle on the widest possible scale
throughout the Country.
 It was on this occasion that Gandhiji delivered the famous ‘Do or Die’ speech.
 The call for ‘Quit India’ almost Brought the state machinery to a standstill in large
parts of the country as people voluntarily threw themselves into The thick of the
movement.
 People observed hartals, and demonstrations and processions were accompanied
by National songs and slogans.
 The movement was truly a mass movement which brought into its ambit thousands
of Ordinary people, namely students, workers and peasants.
 It also saw the active participation of leaders, namely, Jayprakash Narayan, Aruna
Asaf Ali and Ram Manohar Lohia and many women such as Matangini Hazra in
Bengal, Kanaklata Barua in Assam and Rama Devi in Odisha.
 The British responded with much force, yet it took more than a Year to suppress the
movement.

The Independence Day Pledge, 26 January 1930

 ‘We believe that it is the inalienable right of the Indian people, as of any other
people, to have Freedom and to enjoy the fruits of their toil and Have the necessities
of life, so that they may Have full opportunities of growth.’
 ‘We believe Also that if any government deprives a people of These rights and
oppresses them, the people Have a further right to alter it or to abolish it.’
 ‘The British Government in India has not only Deprived the Indian people of their
freedom but Has based itself on the exploitation of the masses, And has ruined
India economically, politically, Culturally, and spiritually.’
 ‘We believe, therefore, That India must sever the British connection and Attain Purna
Swaraj or Complete Independence.’
‘To the altar of this revolution we have Brought our youth as incense’

 Many nationalists thought that the struggle Against the British could not be won
through Non-violence.
 In 1928, the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA) was founded at a Meeting
in Ferozeshah Kotla ground in Delhi.
 Amongst its leaders were Bhagat Singh, Jatin Das and Ajoy Ghosh.
 In a series of dramatic Actions in different parts of India, the HSRA Targeted some of
the symbols of British power.
 In April 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeswar Dutta threw a bomb in the Legislative
Assembly.
 In the same year there was an attempt to blow Up the train that Lord Irwin was
travelling in.
 Bhagat Singh was 23 when he was tried and Executed by the colonial government.
 During His trial, Bhagat Singh stated that he did not Wish to glorify ‘the cult of the
bomb and pistol’ But wanted a revolution in society: ‘Revolution is the inalienable
right of mankind.’
 ‘Freedom is the imprescriptible birthright of all.’
 ‘The labourer is the real sustainer of society …’
 ‘To the altar of this revolution we have brought Our youth as incense, for no sacrifice
is too Great for so magnificent a cause.’
 ‘We are Content.’
 ‘ We await the advent of revolution. Inquilab Zindabad!’

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