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Sensors

The document explains the roles of sensors and actuators in monitoring and control systems, detailing how sensors measure physical quantities and actuators perform actions based on processor commands. It outlines various types of sensors and their applications, such as moisture sensors for lawn watering, and emphasizes the importance of feedback systems for maintaining operational bounds. Additionally, it discusses logical operations for managing individual bits in control systems.

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huzaifahanis106
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4 views

Sensors

The document explains the roles of sensors and actuators in monitoring and control systems, detailing how sensors measure physical quantities and actuators perform actions based on processor commands. It outlines various types of sensors and their applications, such as moisture sensors for lawn watering, and emphasizes the importance of feedback systems for maintaining operational bounds. Additionally, it discusses logical operations for managing individual bits in control systems.

Uploaded by

huzaifahanis106
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Friday, 29 March 2024 2:31 pm

The output impacts the input

Sensors Actuator
A device that can measure a physical quantity like Responsible for the control mechanism
Temprature, humidity, sound etc It actually performs actions
It converts Analogue signal to Digital (ADC) It receives signals from processor and then
Adjusts he device it is controlling
Digital to Analogue

Types of Sensors

Temperature sensor can be used to monitor/record the temperature of a surrounding


Pressure sensors can be places in Hydraulic lifts
Infra-Red sensors can be used to detect motion
Sound
pH sensors are used to measure pH of soil
Moisture sensors can also be used for soil
Humidity
Precipitation sensors are used to measure the amt of rainfall

How can I use Monitoring and Control system to water my lawn?

I will use a moisture sensor to measure the moisture level in the soil.
The sensor will read values and send them to the ADC.
The ADC converts the readings and sends them to the processor
If the moisture content is less than a set amount, the processor will command
The actuator to start the watering system

Sensor name
What will the sensor do
Sensor -> ADC
ADC -> Processor
Processing / decision making
Actuation

What is the importance of Feedback system


It ensure that your system operates within set bounds
This is done by making use of the system output to alter subsequent system inputs so that the
System self-corrects

Use of feedback
Sensors will sense
Readings sent to processor
If readings out of range -> actuator will actuate
Bringing readings back in range
In Monitoringa nd control systems, EACH INDIFIVIDUAL bit is used as a flag.
This means we need a mechanosm to set each bit independently as well
The rationale is that normally we change the bits of a num,ber in a way that it corresponds
To adding one to the number. Here I might suddenly want to set the most significant bit to 1

We set and clear bits undependantly

We, therefore, use the following logical operations


AND to check if a bit is set to 1
OR to set a bit
XOR to clear a bit

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