LAB SESSION NO 9

To draw two positions synthesis (motion generation-rocker output with complex displacement to
move a given link from an arbitrary position to another arbitrary position. Add a dyad and verify
the Grashoff’s condition and fabricate and assemble the linkage.

9.1 Apparatus
Following is the list of apparatuses used in this experiment,
 Cardboard
 A4 size paper
 Pencil
 Protractor
 Compass

9.2 Theory:
The objective of this experiment is to design and fabricate a mechanism that accomplishes the
motion generation from an initial position to a final position using a two-position synthesis
method. The mechanism is based on a rocker output with complex displacement. The synthesis
will involve the design of a linkage system that ensures the required motion of a specific link
from an arbitrary initial position to another arbitrary final position.
Concepts and Principles
Two-Position Synthesis: This involves designing a mechanism that achieves specified
positions of a link by manipulating the linkage dimensions and configurations.
Rocker Output with Complex Displacement
A rocker is a mechanism that oscillates about a fixed point. Complex displacement refers
to non-linear or non-uniform motion characteristics.
Grashoff’s Condition
Grashoff’s law determines the mobility of a four-bar linkage. For a crank-rocker
mechanism, the condition for the Grashoff’s law to hold is that the sum of the shortest
and longest links should be less than or equal to the sum of the remaining two links.

9.3 Procedure
Initial Design Phase
 Identify Requirements
Define the initial and final positions of the link. Determine the motion characteristics
required between these positions.
 Select Linkage Type
Choose a suitable linkage mechanism. A four-bar mechanism is commonly used for this
purpose.
  Dimensional Analysis
Use the desired initial and final positions to calculate the linkage dimensions, considering
the Grashof's condition and motion characteristics.

9.4 Drawing

 Sketch and Draft Linkage

Create a detailed sketch of the linkage system based on the calculated dimensions. Use
software (like CAD) for accurate drawings and simulations to verify the motion between the
desired positions.
 Verify Grashof's Condition
Ensure that the mechanism satisfies the Grashof’s condition to guarantee the desired motion.

9.5 Fabrication and Assembly

 Material Selection
Choose appropriate materials for the linkage components based on strength and durability
requirements.
 Fabrication
Manufacture the linkage components according to the finalized design. Use precision tools to
ensure accuracy.
 Assembly
Assemble the fabricated parts according to the design specifications. Ensure proper
alignment and secure connections.

Graphical Representation:
9.6 Conclusion:
Through this experiment, we successfully demonstrated the synthesis of motion by generating a
rocker output with complex displacement. By incorporating a dyad and verifying Grashof's
condition, we confirmed the feasibility of moving a link between arbitrary positions. The
fabrication and assembly of the linkage further underscored the practical application of these
principles in designing functional mechanisms.

LAB SESSION NO. 10

To balance one disturbing mass by a single mass rotating in the same plane at equal as well as at
different radii.
10.1 Learning Objective:
• To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
• To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.

10.2 Apparatus:
• Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
• Mass Balance
• Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

10.3 Main Parts of Balancing Machine:

• Mounting platform
• Suspension and bearings
• Shaft and rotating discs
• Motor, belt and pulley
• Motor speed control unit

Useful Data:

Static and Dynamic balancing unit:

Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

10.4 Theory
Balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses:
The balancing of rotating bodies is important to avoid vibration. In heavy industrial
machines such as gas turbines, electric generators and heavy engines of ships, vibration
can cause catastrophic failure, as well as noise and discomfort. In the case of a narrow
wheel, balancing simply involves moving the center of gravity to the center of rotation,
which is done by placing balancing masses in a specific plane at a specific radius and
angle. For a system to be in complete balance both force and couple polygons should be
closed i.e., both forces and couples are need to be balanced.
Static balancing: Static balance occurs when the center of gravity of an object is on the
axis of rotation. The centrifugal force due disturbing mass is neutralized by equal and
opposite centrifugal force of balancing mass. The object can therefore remain stationary,
with the axis horizontal, without the application of any braking force. It has no tendency to
rotate due to the force of gravity. This is seen in bike wheels where the reflective plate is
placed opposite the valve to distribute the center of mass to the center of the wheel. E.g.,
Car Wheels.

Figure 1 (Static balancing)

As we can see from the figure that a balancing mass(m) is attached in same plane at a radius of
(r) in front of disturbing mass (M). So, from condition of static balancing we got: m*r=M*s

Dynamic balancing:
A rotating system of mass is in dynamic balance when the rotation does not produce any
resultant centrifugal force or couple i.e., dynamic balancing requires both force and couple
to be balanced. The system rotates without requiring the application of any external force
or couple, other than that required to support its weight. If a system is initially unbalanced,
to avoid the stress upon the bearings caused by the centrifugal couple, counterbalancing
weights must be added. This is seen when a bicycle wheel gets buckled. The wheel will
not rotate itself when stationary due to gravity as it is still statically balanced, but will not
rotate smoothly as the center of mass is to the side of the center bearing.
Following figure shows how couple is balanced:

Figure 2 (dynamic balancing)

Rotating shaft unbalanced by two identical attached weights, which causes a

counterclockwise centrifugal couple (C*d) that must be resisted by a clockwise couple
(F*ℓ = C*d) exerted by the bearings.
Two different cases of dynamic balancing are there under category of (balancing of single
rotating mass by 2 masses in different planes)
1) When plane of disturbing mass is in between plane of balancing masses. Following
figure illustrates it:

Now, after static balancing, we got:

m*r=(m1*r1) +(m2*r2)
After couple/torque balancing about points P and Q, we got:
m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1

2) When the plane of disturbing mass lies on one side of planes of balancing masses.
Following figure illustrates it:
Now, from force balancing, we got:
m1*r1=(m*r) +(m2*r2)
And After couple balancing:
m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1

10.5 Procedure:
• Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table
• Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a specific
value of radius and angle in a disc.
• This will be the disturbing mass.
• Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an angle of 180
degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
• This will be the balancing mass.
• Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed control
knob.
• The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced statically.
10.6 Observations:

Sr. No. Disturbing Mass Balancing Mass

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ

 1 15 30 30 10 45 210
2 20 45 45 15 60 225
3 25 60 50 50 30 230
4 40 45 60 60 30 240
10.7 Specimen Calculations:
M1=21g
R1=60mm
R2=90mm
Now, using equation of static balancing,
M1 * R1=M2 * R2
M2= 14g

10.8 Comments:
Balancing of masses can help us in the minimization of vibration in many machines and also in
vehicles. They also minimize the audible and signal noises also helpful in less power loss and
overcome fatigue and creeping stresses. In a single plane, uneven masses can be balance by a
single mass.
 LAB SESSION NO. 11
To balance single disturbing mass by a single balancing mass rotating in the same plane at equal
radii.

11.1 Learning Objective:

• To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
• To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.

11.2 Apparatus:
• Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
• Mass Balance
• Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

11.3 Main Parts of Balancing Machine:

• Mounting platform
• Suspension and bearings
• Shaft and rotating discs
• Motor, belt and pulley
• Motor speed control unit

Useful Data:
Static and Dynamic balancing unit:
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

11.4 Theory:
Balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses:
The balancing of rotating bodies is important to avoid vibration. In heavy industrial
machines such as gas turbines, electric generators and heavy engines of ships, vibration
can cause catastrophic failure, as well as noise and discomfort. In the case of a narrow
wheel, balancing simply involves moving the center of gravity to the center of rotation,
which is done by placing balancing masses in a specific plane at a specific radius and
angle. For a system to be in complete balance both force and couple polygons should be
closed i.e., both forces and couples are need to be balanced. Static balancing:
Static balance occurs when the center of gravity of an object is on the axis of rotation. The
centrifugal force due disturbing mass is neutralized by equal and opposite centrifugal force
of balancing mass. The object can therefore remain stationary, with the axis horizontal,
without the application of any braking force. It has no tendency to rotate due to the force
of gravity. This is seen in bike wheels where the reflective plate is placed opposite the
valve to distribute the center of mass to the center of the wheel. E.g., Car Wheels.

Figure 1 (Static balancing)

As we can see from the figure that a balancing mass(m) is attached in same plane at a radius of
(r) in front of disturbing mass (M). So, from condition of static balancing we got: m*r=M*s

Dynamic balancing:
A rotating system of mass is in dynamic balance when the rotation does not produce any
resultant centrifugal force or couple i.e., dynamic balancing requires both force and couple
to be balanced. The system rotates without requiring the application of any external force
or couple, other than that required to support its weight. If a system is initially unbalanced,
to avoid the stress upon the bearings caused by the centrifugal couple, counterbalancing
weights must be added. This is seen when a bicycle wheel gets buckled. The wheel will
not rotate itself when stationary due to gravity as it is still statically balanced, but will not
rotate smoothly as the center of mass is to the side of the center bearing.
Following figure shows how couple is balanced:

Figure 2 (dynamic balancing)

Rotating shaft unbalanced by two identical attached weights, which causes a

counterclockwise centrifugal couple (C*d) that must be resisted by a clockwise couple
(F*ℓ = C*d) exerted by the bearings.
Two different cases of dynamic balancing are there under category of (balancing of single
rotating mass by 2 masses in different planes)
3) When plane of disturbing mass is in between plane of balancing masses. Following
figure illustrates it:

Now, after static balancing, we got:

m*r=(m1*r1) +(m2*r2)
After couple/torque balancing about points P and Q, we got:
m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1

4) When the plane of disturbing mass lies on one side of planes of balancing masses.
Following figure illustrates it:
Now, from force balancing, we got:
m1*r1=(m*r) +(m2*r2)
And After couple balancing:
m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1
11.5 Procedure:
• Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table
• Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a specific
value of radius and angle in a disc.
• This will be the disturbing mass.
• Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an angle of 180
degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
• This will be the balancing mass.
• Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed control
knob.
• The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced statically.

11.6 Observations:
Sr. No. Disturbing Mass Balancing Mass

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ

1 25 30 50 25 30 230
2 30 45 60 30 45 240
 3 35 60 75 35 60 255
4 40 30 45 40 30 225

11.7 Specimen Calculations:

M1 = 21g
R1 = 60mm
R2 = 60mm
Now, using equation of static balancing,
M1 * R1=M2 * R2
M2 = 21g
10.8 Comments:
Balancing of masses is routine for machines and vehicles and also necessary for operations, high
speed, long bearing life, operator comfort control free of malfunctioning, or a quality feel. The
main reason of unbalancing is the rotational motion of the part which is required in machinery.
 LAB SESSION NO 12
To balance two disturbing masses by a single mass rotating in the same plane at different radii

12.1 Learning Objective:

• To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
• To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.

12.2 Apparatus:
• Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
• Mass Balance
• Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

12.3 Main Parts of Balancing Machine:

• Mounting platform
• Suspension and bearings
• Shaft and rotating discs
• Motor, belt and pulley
• Motor speed control unit

Useful Data:

Static and Dynamic balancing unit:

Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

12.4 Procedure:
1. Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table
2. Take a mass in the form of nut and bolt, measure it and place it in a plane at a specific
value of radius and angle in a disc.
3. This will be the disturbing mass.
4. Take same value of mass (nut and bolt) and place it at the same radius at an angle of 180
degree from disturbing mass in the same disc.
5. This will be the balancing mass.
6. Start the motor by pressing switch and increase its speed with the help of speed control
knob.
 7. The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward, which means disturbing mass is balanced statically.
12.5 Observations:
Sr. No. Disturbing Mass 1 Disturbing Mass 2 Balancing Mass

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ

1 16 30 100 18 45 210 13.1 60 175

2 20 45 120 22 60 230 29.3 45 190
3 24 60 140 26 30 250 46 30 172
4 28 30 150 30 45 270 20 60 172

12.6 Specimen Calculations:

M1=28g
M2=32g
R1=60mm
R2=45mm

Θ1=200ᵒ
Θ2=120ᵒ
Now, using analytical method,

= -0.00292

= -0.00305
Now, resultant force Fc is:
Fc = √(∑𝑉𝑉)2 +(∑𝐻𝐻)2 = 0.003546 kg. m

Since m*r=Fc, So,

m = 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 ∗ 1000 = 40g

𝑟𝑟

Now, angle of balancing mass from horizontal is:

∑𝑉𝑉

𝜃𝜃 ᵒ
12.7 Comments:
Unbalancing of masses can cause vibration in system and honestly speaking however
we do over 100% to balance these masses but we can’t put vibration to completely zero
level but usually it is acceptable to decrease them to a value lower than that one
prescribed for a certain quality class of the machinery. If the mass derived from the
analytical method is not matched with experimental mass properly, this also may cause
unbalancing.
 LAB SESSION NO 13
To balance three disturbing masses by a single mass rotating in the same plane at equal radii.
13.1 Learning Objective:

• To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
 • To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.

13.2 Apparatus:
• Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
• Mass Balance
• Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

13.3 Main Parts of Balancing Machine:

• Mounting platform
• Suspension and bearings
• Shaft and rotating discs
• Motor, belt and pulley
• Motor speed control unit

Useful Data:
Static and Dynamic balancing unit:
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

13.4 Theory:
Balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses:
The balancing of rotating bodies is important to avoid vibration. In heavy industrial
machines such as gas turbines, electric generators and heavy engines of ships, vibration
can cause catastrophic failure, as well as noise and discomfort. In the case of a narrow
wheel, balancing simply involves moving the center of gravity to the center of rotation,
which is done by placing balancing masses in a specific plane at a specific radius and
angle. For a system to be in complete balance both force and couple polygons should be
closed i.e., both forces and couples are need to be balanced. Static balancing:
Static balance occurs when the center of gravity of an object is on the axis of rotation. The
centrifugal force due disturbing mass is neutralized by equal and opposite centrifugal force
of balancing mass. The object can therefore remain stationary, with the axis horizontal,
without the application of any braking force. It has no tendency to rotate due to the force
of gravity.
This is seen in bike wheels where the reflective plate is placed opposite the valve to distribute
the center of mass to the center of the wheel. E.g., Car Wheels.
 Figure 3 (Static balancing)

As we can see from the figure that a balancing mass(m) is attached in same plane at a radius of
(r) in front of disturbing mass (M). So, from condition of static balancing we got: m*r=M*s

Dynamic balancing:
A rotating system of mass is in dynamic balance when the rotation does not produce any
resultant centrifugal force or couple i.e., dynamic balancing requires both force and couple
to be balanced. The system rotates without requiring the application of any external force
or couple, other than that required to support its weight. If a system is initially unbalanced,
to avoid the stress upon the bearings caused by the centrifugal couple, counterbalancing
weights must be added. This is seen when a bicycle wheel gets buckled. The wheel will
not rotate itself when stationary due to gravity as it is still statically balanced, but will not
rotate smoothly as the center of mass is to the side of the center bearing.
Following figure shows how couple is balanced:

Figure 4 (Dynamic balancing)

Rotating shaft unbalanced by two identical attached weights, which causes a

counterclockwise centrifugal couple (C*d) that must be resisted by a clockwise couple
(F*ℓ = C*d) exerted by the bearings.
Two different cases of dynamic balancing are there under category of (balancing of single
rotating mass by 2 masses in different planes)
1) When plane of disturbing mass is in between plane of balancing masses. Following
figure illustrates it:

Now, after static balancing, we got:

m*r=(m1*r1) +(m2*r2)
After couple/torque balancing about points P and Q, we got:
m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1

2) When the plane of disturbing mass lies on one side of planes of balancing masses.
Following figure illustrates it:

Now, from force balancing, we got:

 m1*r1=(m*r) +(m2*r2) And
after couple balancing:
m1*r1*l=m*r*L2
m2*r2*l=m*r*L1

Balancing of several masses in the same plane:

When different masses are present at different angles from each other and from positive x-
axis at same or different radii in the same plane then in order to balance them, their
resultant centrifugal force is to be calculated and then a mass is calculated from this force
and attached at the required radius at an angle of 180 degree from the direction of
disturbing force.
Hence, we are doing static balancing because masses are in the same plane.
It is illustrated in following figure:

To find magnitude and position of balancing masses, we have analytical & graphical method,
which are described below:

1) Analytical
Method: It has
following steps:
1. Find out centrifugal force produced by each disturbing mass i.e., product of mass &
its radius of rotation
2. Resolve the centrifugal force into its horizontal and vertical components and then find
the sum of horizontal components (∑H) and vertical components (∑V) using
following formulae:
 Fc= √∑� 2 +∑�2
3. Find magnitude of resultant centrifugal force using following formula:

4. Let ‘θ’ be the angle made by resultant force� �

with horizontal which is:

𝑉 tan =
∑𝑉

∑𝐻𝐻
5. The balancing force is equal in magnitude to Fc but opposite in direction, and its angle
from horizontal is (θ+180)

6. Now find the magnitude of balancing mass by following relation:

Fc=m*r

(Where ‘r’ will be given or we can assume any value at which we want to put balancing mass)

Graphical Method:
Various steps involved in this method are given below:
1. Draw the space diagram with the positions of the several masses, as shown.
2. Find out the centrifugal forces or product of the mass and radius of rotation exerted by
each mass.
3. Now draw the vector diagram with the obtained centrifugal forces or product of the
masses and radii of rotation. To draw vector diagram, take a suitable scale.
4. Let ab, bc, cd, de represents the forces Fc1, Fc2, Fc3 and Fc4 on the vector diagram.
Draw ‘ab’ parallel to force Fc1 of the space diagram, at ‘b’ draw a line parallel to force
Fc2. Similarly draw lines cd, de parallel to Fc3 and Fc4 respectively.
5. As per polygon law of forces, the closing side ‘ae’ represents the resultant force in
magnitude and direction as shown in vector diagram.
6. The balancing force is then, equal and opposite to the resultant force.
7. Determine the magnitude of the balancing mass (m) at a given radius of rotation (r), such
that,
 Fc =m*(ω^2) * r
Where m*r=resultant of m1*r1, m2*r2, m3*r3 and m4*r4 Following
figure illustrates this method:

13.5 Procedure:
1. Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table.
2. Take 3 masses in the form of nuts and bolts, measure them and place them in a plane
(disc) at specific value of radius and different angles from horizontal.
3. These will be the disturbing masses.
4. Take a mass (M) (nut and bolt) as determined from graphical or analytical method using
pre-determined value of radius (R).
5. Place M in the same disc as of disturbing masses at radius R and at the angle of 180 from
the direction of resultant force.
6. This will be the balancing mass.
7. Start the motor by pressing (On) switch and increase its speed with the help of speed
control knob.
8. The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward or oscillate about pivot points, which means disturbing masses are
balanced.

13.6 Observations:

Sr. Disturbing Mass 1 Disturbing Mass 2 Disturbing Mass 3 Balancing Mass

No.

M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ M3(g) R3(mm) Θ3ᵒ M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ

1 10 30 40 15 30 100 20 30 160 31.2 30 116

2 16 45 60 22 45 120 28 45 180 45.2 45 133
3 20 60 80 25 60 140 30 60 200 50.7 60 150

4 25 30 100 30 30 160 35 30 220 60 30 168

5 28 60 120 35 60 180 40 60 240 70 60 171

13.7 Specimen Calculations:

M1=20g
M2=13g
M3=11g
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm

Θ1=60ᵒ

Θ2=120ᵒ
Θ3=180ᵒ
Now, using analytical method,

Now, resultant force Fc is:

Since m*r=Fc, So,

Now, angle of balancing mass from horizontal is:

13.8 Comments:
The unbalance forces in the rotating masses are constant in their magnitude but they can
vary in direction. These unbalance forces can be completely balance by placing some
balance forces or masses in the system. Unbalancing may occur if during the startup
apparatus with masses attached is not stabilized at a fixed position.

LAB SESSION NO 14
To balance three disturbing masses by a single mass rotating in the same plane at different radii.
14.1 Learning Objective:
• To identify the disturbing mass present in a plane at a specific radius and angle.
• To calculate the balancing mass with the help of static balancing equation and put it in
the plane at required radius and angle.
 14.2 Apparatus:
• Balancing Machine (Balancing of rotating masses)
• Mass Balance
• Nuts, bolts & washers as masses

14.3 Main Parts of Balancing Machine:

• Mounting platform
• Suspension and bearings
• Shaft and rotating discs
• Motor, belt and pulley
• Motor speed control unit

Useful Data:
Static and Dynamic balancing unit:
Disc radii:
R1=30mm
R2=45mm
R3=60mm
Distance between discs: 4in

14.4 Procedure:
1. Ensure that the balancing machine is levelled on the table and if not then use levelling
screws to level it horizontally on table.
2. Take 3 masses in the form of nuts and bolts, measure them and place them in a plane
(disc) at specific value of radius and different angles from horizontal.
3. These will be the disturbing masses.
4. Take a mass (M) (nut and bolt) as determined from graphical or analytical method using
pre-determined value of radius ®.
5. Place M in the same disc as of disturbing masses at radius R and at the angle of 180 from
the direction of resultant force.
6. This will be the balancing mass.
7. Start the motor by pressing (On) switch and increase its speed with the help of speed
control knob.
8. The mounting platform containing discs must be stationary and must not reciprocate
forward and backward or oscillate about pivot points, which means disturbing masses are
balanced.
14.5 Observations:

Sr. Disturbing Mass 1 Disturbing Mass 2 Disturbing Mass 3 Balancing Mass

No.
 M1(g) R1(mm) Θ1ᵒ M2(g) R2(mm) Θ2ᵒ M3(g) R3(mm) Θ3ᵒ M(g) R(mm) Θᵒ

1 10 30 40 14 45 100 15 60 160 45 30 125

2 14 45 60 20 30 120 20 60 180 24 45 135
3 18 45 80 26 60 140 25 30 200 39 60 139

4 22 60 100 32 30 160 30 45 220 77 30 161

Specimen Calculations:
For 1st observation:

M1=28g R1=60mm Θ1=200ᵒ

M2=32g R2=45mm Θ2=120ᵒ
M3=34g R3=30mm Θ3=60ᵒ

Now, using analytical method,

= 0.001182

= -0.00179 Now,
resultant force Fc is:

Fc = √(∑𝑉𝑉)2 +(∑𝐻𝐻)2 = 0.002144 kg. m

Since m*r=Fc, So,

m= ∗1000 = 36g
𝑟𝑟

14.6 Comments:
The unbalance forces in the reciprocating masses varies in magnitude but not affected in
direction as the remain constant. We only balance some fraction of the unbalance forces in
reciprocating masses as these forces are partially balanced. If balancing is not done properly, it
may cause unnecessary stresses in the machine and be the cause of wear.