SeHan Digital Test 76 Module 2 (Set 227)

“Stop them pictures!” Legend has it that the corrupt 1

politician William “Boss” Tweed once used those Which choice completes the text with the most
words when ordering someone to offer a bribe to logical and precise word or phrase?
Thomas Nast, an artist who had become famous for A confidants
cartoons that called for reforms to end corruption. B companions
Tweed’s attempt to silence the artist failed, and C cronies
Nast’s cartoons, published in magazines like D mates
Harper’s Weekly, actually played a key role in
bringing Boss Tweed and his __________ to justice.

With the aid of computed tomography (CT) scanning 2

and 3-D printing, researchers are able to create Which choice completes the text with the most
accurate models of prehistoric fossils. These models logical and precise word or phrase?
have expanded researchers’ knowledge of ancient A swear
species and _________ to advance the field of B subscribe
paleontology in the years to come. C vow
D promise

Will companies be able to boost their products by 3

manipulating online ratings on a massive scale? As used in the text, what does the word “scale” most
“That is easier said than done,” Duncan Watts, a nearly mean?
network scientist at Microsoft Research in New York A level
City, says. If people detect—or learn—that B wage
comments on a website are being manipulated, the C interval
herd may spook and leave0entirely. D scheme

When it comes to energy, everyone loves efficiency. 4

Cutting energy waste is one of those goals that both As used in the text, what does the word “simple”
sides of the political divide can agree on, even if they most nearly mean?
sometimes diverge on how best to get there. Energy A straightforward
efficiency allows us to get more out of our given B modest
resources, which is good for the economy and C unadorned
(mostly) good for the environment as well. In an D easy
increasingly hot and crowded world, the only
sustainable way to live is to get more out of less.
Every environmentalist would agree. But change the
conversation to food, and suddenly efficiency
doesn’t look so good. Conventional industrial
agriculture has become incredibly efficient on a
simple land to food basis.
The following text is from William Maxwell’s 1945 5
novel, The Folded Leaf. As used in the text, what does the word “becoming”
most nearly mean?
Apparently he himself was not aware that there had A emerging
been any change. He straightened his tie self- B fitting
consciously and when Irma handed him a menu, he C developing
gestured with it so that the two women at the next D happening
table would notice the diamond ring on the fourth
finger of his right hand. Both of these things, and
also the fact that his hands showed signs of the
manicurist, one can blame on the young man who
had his picture taken with a derby hat on the back of
his head, and also sitting with a girl in the curve of
the moon. The young man had never for one second
deserted Mr. Peters. He was always there, tugging at
Mr. Peters’ elbow, making him do things that were
not becoming in a man of forty-five.

6
Information about which of the following is
presented in the graph but NOT discussed in the text?
A The time needed to complete tasks
B Difficult tasks
C Tasks performed alone
D An inattentive audience

Social psychologist Bob Zajonc avoided

experimenting with humans at first, choosing to
observe the behavior of seventy-two cockroaches
instead. With a small team of researchers, he devised
two small athletic tasks that required the cockroaches
to scuttle from a brightly lit area in a small box to a
more appealing darker compartment. Some of the
cockroaches completed a simpler task, in which they
ran along a straight runway from the glare of the box
to the darkened goal compartment. The remaining
cockroaches completed a more difficult task,
traversing a more complex maze before they could
escape the light. Some of the cockroaches completed
these tasks alone, but the researchers also built a
small audience box to force some of the athletic
cockroaches to compete in front of an audience of
roach spectators. Just as the researchers predicted,
the cockroaches were much quicker to cover the
straight runway when watched by an audience,
reaching the darkened goal compartment an average
of twenty-three seconds more quickly when they
were performing before a crowd. But the cockroach
athletes responded very differently to an audience
when they were faced with the complex maze,
reaching the goal seventy-six seconds more quickly
when they were alone. The same audience that
pushed the cockroaches to perform the simpler task
more quickly also delayed them when the task was
more complex.
 Based on the text and figures 1 and 2, how would the
bars in figure 1 most likely change if they focused on
the concentration of vaccine-specific antibodies 14
days after vaccination?
A The bar for the mice without TLR5 would
be lower.
B The bar for the mice given antibiotics would
be higher than the bar for the control mice.
C The bar for the control mice only would be
higher.
D The bars for all four groups of mice would
be higher.

TLR5 is a sensor of flagellin, a protein that makes up

the appendages of bacteria. Why would a receptor
that interacts with bacteria in the gut have anything
to do with the body’s response to a virus injected into
muscle? Maybe, Bali Pulendran, an immunologist at
Emory University in Atlanta, and colleagues thought.
B cells—the white blood cells that produce
antibodies—receive a signal from bacteria that
boosts their activity. To explore that possibility, the
researchers designed a new study using mice. They
gave the flu vaccine to three different groups: mice
genetically engineered to lack the gene for TLR5,
germ-free mice with no microorganisms in their
bodies, and mice that had spent 4 weeks drinking
water laced with antibiotics to obliterate most of
their microbiome. Seven days after vaccination, all
three groups showed significantly reduced
concentrations of vaccine-specific antibodies in their
blood compared with vaccinated control mice. The
reduction was less marked by day 28, as blood
antibody levels appeared to rebound. But when the
researchers observed the mice lacking TLR5 on the
85th day after vaccination, their antibodies seemed to
have dipped again, suggesting that without this
bacterial signaling, the effects of the flu vaccine
wane more quickly.
 8
Which of the following choices best identifies a point
of disagreement between the figure and the text?
A The text lists the adult Albertosaurus as
being equal in size to the adult
Daspletosaurus, but the figure indicates that
at full size Daspletosaurus was heavier than
Albertosaurus.
B The text states that Albertosaurus and
Gorgonsaurus reached full size at about age
15, but the figure indicates that neither
species reached full size until after 18.
C The text asserts that the four species lived at
By plotting the age of each animal against its mass— the same time, but the figure indicates that
conservatively estimated from the circumference of Tyrannosaurus lived at a later period than
its femur—Gregory Erickson, a paleobiologist at the other three species did.
Honda State University, constructed growth curves D The text implies that Tyrannosaurus had a
for each species. Gorgosaurus and Ubeniaaurus, faster rate of metabolism than the other
both more primitive tyrannosaunds, began to put on three species, but the figure indicates that all
weight more rapidly at about age 12. For 4 years or four species shared the same rate of
so. they added 310 to 480 grams per day. By about metabolism.
age 15, they were full-grown al about 1100
kilograms. The more advanced Dasplrtosaurus
followed the same trend but grew faster and maxed
out at roughly 1800 kilograms. T. rex, in comparison,
was almost off the chart. As the team describes this
week in Nature, it underwent a gigantic growth spurt
starting at age 14 and packed on 250 kilograms a
day. By age 18.5 years, the heaviest of the lot
weighed more than 5600 kilograms.

Fatter seals can spend less energy swimming and 9

more time eating, which gives them even more Which finding, if accurate, would most clearly
energy. So do they keep gaining blubber indefinitely? undermine Adachi's belief that the northern elephant
“Yes, I think they get fatter to become positively seals would keep gaining blubber after the loggers
buoyant,” Taiki Adachi, a graduate student in the stopped tracking the seals?
polar science department as Tokyo’s Graduate A Evidence that the elephant seals do not stay
University for Advanced Studies, says. If he could negatively buoyant after the first month in
have monitored the seals all the way to the end of the ocean
their long migration, he thinks he would have seen B Confirmation of the elephant seal's tendency
them gain so much blubber that they tended to float. to consume increasingly greater quantities
Other research has found that elephant seals become of food
positively buoyant, he adds. C Proof that the elephant seals remain
neutrally buoyant just before they return to
the beaches to breed
D The discovery that the elephant seals reach
their highest body mass just before they
return to the beaches to breed
John Stuart Mill believed that the punishment of 10
imprisonment with hard labor for life the likely Which quotation from Mill most effectively
alternate choice to capital punishment: __________ illustrates this view?
A “I defend this penalty, when confined to
atrocious cases, on the very ground on
which it is commonly attacked—on that of
humanity to the criminal; as beyond
comparison the least cruel mode in which it
is possible adequately to deter from the
crime.”
B “If, in our horror of inflicting death, we
endeavor to devise some punishment for the
living criminal which shall act on the human
mind with a deterrent force at all
comparable to that of death, we are driven to
inflictions less severe indeed in appearance,
and therefore less efficacious, but far more
cruel in reality.”
C “Few, I think, would venture to propose, as a
punishment for aggravated murder, less than
imprisonment with hard labor for life; that is
the fate to which a murderer would be
consigned by the mercy which shrinks from
putting him to death.”
D “But has it been sufficiently considered
what sort of a mercy this is, and what kind
of life it leaves to him? If, indeed, the
punishment is not really inflicted—if it
becomes the sham which a few years ago
such punishments were rapidly becoming—
then, indeed, its adoption would be almost
tantamount to giving up the attempt to
repress murder altogether.”

The following text is from Charlotte Brontë’s 1847 11

novel, Jane Eyre. The title character is a governess at What does the author’s use of the phrase “my mind’s
the Thornfield Hall estate. eye” imply about the narrator?
A She sees visions.
Who blames me? Many, no doubt; and I shall be B She has poor eyesight.
called discontented. I could not help it: the C She wants to go to sleep.
restlessness was in my nature; it agitated me to pain D She has a good imagination.
sometimes. Then my sole relief was to walk along
the corridor of the third storey, backwards and
forwards, safe in the silence and solitude of the spot,
and allow my mind’s eye to dwell on whatever bright
visions rose before it — and, certainly, they were
many and glowing; to let my heart be heaved by the
exultant movement, which, while it swelled it in
trouble, expanded it with life; and, best of all, to
open my inward ear to a tale that was never ended —
a tale my imagination created, and narrated
continuously; quickened with all of incident, life,
fire, feeling, that I desired and had not in my actual
existence.
The following text is from William Maxwell’s 1945 12
novel, The Folded Leaf. Which of the following best describes Lymie’s
primary impression of the “party of four”?
A party of four, two men and two women, came into A They are noisy and distracting.
the restaurant, all talking at once, and took B They are a refreshing change from the other
possession of the center table nearest Lymie. The customers.
women had shingled hair and short tight skirts which C They resemble characters from his history
exposed the underside of their knees when they sat book.
down. One of the women had the face of a young D They represent glamour and youth.
boy but disguised by one trick or another (rouge,
lipstick, powder, wet bangs plastered against the high
forehead, and a pair of long pendent earrings) to look
like a woman of thirty-five, which as a matter of fact
she was. The men were older. They laughed more
than there seemed any occasion for, while they were
deciding between soup and shrimp cocktail, and their
laughter was too loud. But it was the women’s
voices, the terrible not quite sober pitch of the
women’s voices which caused Lymie to skim over
two whole pages without knowing what was on
them. Fortunately he realized this and went back.

La Belle Dame sans Merci is an 1819 poem by John 13

Keats. In the poem, the speaker alludes the death of Which quotation from La Belle Dame sans Merci
the subject: __________ most effectively illustrates this claim?
A “I made a garland for her head, / And
bracelets too, and fragrant zone; / She
looked at me as she did love, / And made
sweet moan.”
B “O what can ail thee, knight-at-arms, / So
haggard and so woe-begone? / The squirrel’s
granary is full, / And the harvest’s done.”
C “I see a lily on thy brow, / With anguish
moist and fever-dew, / And on thy cheeks a
fading rose / Fast withereth too.”
D “I met a lady in the meads, / Full beautiful—
a faery’s child, / Her hair was long, her foot
was light, / And her eyes were wild.”

Given the extent of William “Boss” Tweed’s power, 14

it is remarkable that a single cartoonist could have Which choice most logically completes the text?
played such a significant role in bringing about his A head; like many other Nast cartoons, that
downfall. Thomas Nast’s cartoons depicted Tweed as one was published in Harper’s Weekly.
a great big thief. One of the artist’s most famous B head; Nast would later illustrate Tweed’s
images showed Tweed with a bag of money in place escape from prison.
of his __________ C head, one depiction that omits Tweed’s
signature hat.
D head, an image that perfectly captured
Tweed’s greedy nature.
It would not be until 1861 that Louis Pasteur would 15
propose the link between microorganisms and Which choice most logically completes the text?
disease, now known as the germ theory. Before A were skeptical of claims that the disease
Pasteur’s breakthrough, the predominant explanation outbreak was due to microorganisms in the
for the cause of most illnesses was the so-called water supply.
miasma theory, which held that noxious fumes and B blamed “miasmatic particles” released into
pollution—quite literally, as the theory’s name the air by decaying organic matter in the soil
implies, “bad air”—were responsible for making of the River Thames.
people sick. Consequently, during the 1854 outbreak C tackled the disease with newfound
of cholera in Westminster, London, doctors and efficiency due to understanding the true
government officials alike __________ source of the disease.
D blamed the public’s moral shortcomings for
causing God to punish the city with such a
terrible disease.

Ziconotide is one of the most highly effective pain- 16

killers known to man. Ziconotide works by blocking Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
calcium channels, which are located in pain- to the conventions of Standard English?
transmitting nerve cells within the __________ and A brain, heart, the nervous system,
bone. This blockage prevents the calcium channels B brain, the heart, the nervous system,
from transmitting pain signals to the brain. C brain, heart, nervous, system
D brain, heart, nervous system,

Just a few years after retirement, a high percentage 17

of former professional athletes struggle with Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
joblessness and poverty. There is a solution to these to the conventions of Standard English?
problems, which basketball star Kareem Abdul- A contemporary athletes
Jabbar advocated to his fellow __________ through B peer athletes
a letter in 2012. C athletes
D peers in athletics

All of the pictures were shot at the subjects’ eye 18

level. Walker Evans sat opposite them as he Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
photographed them. In many of the pictures, it is to the conventions of Standard English?
__________ subjects are aware of being A obvious that the
photographed; they stare directly, sometimes B obvious the
defiantly, into the camera’s lens. C obvious: the
D obvious, the

For many years, scientists hesitated to create robots 19

that looked too much like humans, __________ the Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
concept of the “uncanny valley”. to the conventions of Standard English?
A citing
B cited
C they cited
D to cite
Once a political machine had control of enough 20
important positions, its members were able to use Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
public funds to enrich themselves and their friends. to the conventions of Standard English?
William “Boss” Tweed’s Tammany Hall group, A million,
which controlled New York City in the 1860s, stole B million—
more than $30 ___________ the equivalent of more C million
than $365 million today. D million;

It is not difficult to understand why a cash-strapped 21

publication might feel pressure to cut teams of Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
investigative __________ their work is expensive to the conventions of Standard English?
and time-consuming. A reporters—
B reporters:
C reporters,
D reporters;

The high-intensity interval training method involves 22

alternating periods of exercising at or near 100 Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
percent __________ maximum heart rate with to the conventions of Standard English?
periods of exercising at a lower level of intensity. A its
B their
C one’s
D his

In the mid-1980s, __________ looked out on a 23

debris-strewn patch of landfill adjacent to the East Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
River in the borough of Queens. to the conventions of Standard English?
A the studio of New York City sculptor Mark
di Suvero
B Mark di Suvero, the studio of New York
City sculptor
C a studio of New York City sculptor Mark di
Suvero
D studio of New York City sculptor, Mark di
Suvero,

By using innovative materials, civil engineers can 24

make bridges stronger and longer lasting. The Mars Which choice completes the text so that it conforms
Hill Bridge in Wapello County, Iowa, for instance, to the conventions of Standard English?
was reconstructed using an ultra-high performance A to where
concrete (UHPC) that is so durable and lightweight B that
__________ the 113-foot span does not need C which
traditional reinforcing steel bars. D so that
Brooklyn performers find that crowdfunding 25
aggravates problems that already exist. Work that is Which choice completes the text with the most
easily understood and appreciated is supported, while logical transition?
more complex work goes unnoticed. Time that could A In addition,
be used creating art is spent devising clever perks to B Conversely,
draw the attention of potential contributors. C However,
__________ audiences may contain many “free D Thus,
riders,” who did not make contributions.

While caffeine is not usually harmful in normal 26

doses, it can be addictive, as the body builds up a Which choice completes the text with the most
tolerance to its effects. The brain eventually begins logical transition?
responding to caffeine with the creation of more A Due to this fact,
adenosine receptors. Therefore, one has to consume B Lastly,
more caffeine to achieve the same effect and can C Thus,
suffer headaches and other symptoms upon ceasing D Still,
regular caffeine intake. __________ caffeine’s long-
and short-term benefits appear to be enough to
support a moderate habit equivalent to a cup or two
of coffee daily.

While researching a topic, a student has taken the 27

following notes: The student wants to emphasize a contrast between
the styles of Aaron Douglas and Richmond Barthe.
- From the late 1910s through the 1930s, the Which choice most effectively uses relevant
Harlem neighborhood of New York City information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
was the locus of the Harlem Renaissance: a A The Harlem Renaissance enabled Richmond
burgeoning artistic and cultural scene by Barthe, Archibald John Motley, Jr., and
and for African Americans. James Van Der Zee to produce sympathetic,
realistic images of their Black subjects.
- Although perhaps best known for authors B The Harlem Renaissance provided an
and musicians such as Langston Hughes, opportunity for visual artists such as Aaron
Zora Neale Hurston, and Duke Ellington, Douglas and Richmond Barthe to produce
the Harlem Renaissance also included many art for and about the African American
Black visual artists. community.
C During the Harlem Renaissance, Aaron
- Aaron Douglas, the “father of African Douglas used cubism, at the time a new
American art,” and printmakers James style of art, not only to produce art for an
Lesesne Wells and Hale Woodruff African American audience but also to
connected traditional imagery from African introduce traditional African images into
masks and sculpture to cubism and other modern art.
modern art movements. D During the Harlem Renaissance, artists such
as Aaron Douglas sought to infuse
- Cubism represented subjects as fractured traditional African imagery into emerging
and fragmented imaginary shapes to evoke styles of modern art, whereas Richmond
an emotional response. Barthe and others represented their subjects
realistically.
- Richmond Barthe, a sculptor; Archibald
John Motley, Jr, a painter; and James Van
Der Zee, a photographer, were renowned for
portraying their Black subjects with a
nuanced and realistic aesthetic.