EXPONENTS AND POWERS

In general, we write,

CONTENTS An exponential number as b a, where b is the base

and a is the exponent.
 Exponents The notation of writing the multiplication of a
 Exponents of Negative Integers
number by itself several times is called the
exponential notation or power notation.
 Laws of Exponents Thus, in general we find that :

 Use of Exponent in Expressing

If 'a' is a rational number then 'n' times the product
of 'a' by itself is given as a × a × a × a ..... , n
Large number times and is denoted by an, where 'a' is called the
base and n is called the exponent of an.
EXAMPLES 
Ex.1 Write the following statements as repeated
multiplication and complete the table :
The repeated addition of numbers can be written
in short form (product form).
S. Statements Repeated Short
Examples : Multiplicat form
No.
ion
S.No. Statements Repeated Addition Products
Form (i) 3 multiplied by 3×3×3×3 36
3 for 6 times × 3 × 3 = 729
(i) 4 times 2 2+2+2+2 4×2
(ii) 2 multiplied by 2×2×2 23
(ii) 5 time – 1 (–1) + (–1) + (–1) + 5 × (–1) 2 for 3 times
(–1) + (–1)
(iii) 1 multiplied by 1×1×1×1 17
(iii) 1 for 7 times × 1×1×1
3 times + + 3×
Ex.2 Write the base and exponent of following
numbers. And also write in expanded form :
(iv) 2 times 1 1+1 2×1
S. Numbers Base Exponent Expanded Value
Also, we can write the repeated multiplication of Form
numbers in a short form known as exponential No.
form. (i) 34 3 4 3×3×3×3 81
For example, when 5 is multiplied by itself for (ii) 25
2 5 2×2×2×2 32
two times, we write the product 5 × 5 in ×2
exponential form as 52 which is read as 5 raised to
the power two. (iii) 33 3 3 3×3×3 27
2
Similarly, if we multiply 5 by itself for 6 times, (iv) 2 2 2 2×2 4
the product 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 is written in (v) 17 1 7 1×1×1×1 1
exponential form as 56 which is read as 5 raised to ×1×1×1
the power 6.
In 56, the number 5 is called the base of 56 and
6 is called the exponent of the base.
 When the exponent of a negative integer is odd, Thus, 23 × 25 = 23 + 5
the resultant is a negative number, and when the
Therefore, in general, we write,
power of a negative number is even, the resultant
is a positive number. am × an
or (a negative integer) an odd number = a negative integer.
(a negative integer) an even number = a positive integer. ×
EXAMPLES 
Ex.3 Express 144 in the powers of prime factors.
= a × a × a × a × a × …., (m + n) times = am + n.
Sol. 144 = 16 × 9 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
Law-2 :
Here 2 is multiplied four times and 3 is
If a and b are non-zero integers and m is a
multiplied 2 times to get 144.
positive integer, then
 144 = 24 × 32
am × bm = (a × b)m
Ex.4 Which one is greater : 3 or 5 ?5 3
Eg :
Sol. 35 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 9 × 9 × 3
53 × 33 = (5 × 5 × 5) × (3 × 3 × 3)
= 81 × 3 = 243
= (5 × 3) × (5 × 3) × (5 × 3)
and 53 = 5 × 5 × 5 = 25 × 5 = 125
= 15 × 15 × 15 = (15)3
Clearly, 243 > 125  3 >5
5 3
So, 53 × 33 = (5 × 3)3 = (15)3
Here, we find that 15 is the product of bases 5
and 3.
Law-1 : If a is any non-zero integer and m and n are Also, if a and b are non-zero integers, then
whole numbers, then
a5 × b5 = (a × a × a × a × a) × (b × b × b × b × b)
am × an = am + n
= (a × b) (a × b) (a × b) (a × b) (a × b) = (ab)5
Eg :
Ex.5 Write in exponential form :
(i) 34 × 32 =
(i) (5 × 7)6 (ii) (–7n)5
Sol. (i) (5 × 7)6
= = (5 × 7) (5 × 7) (5 × 7) (5 × 7) (5 × 7) (5 × 7)
= (5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5) ( 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7) = 5 6 ×
6
7
= 36 = 3 4 + 2
4 2 4+2
Hence, (5 × 7)6 = 56 × 76
Thus, 3 × 3 = 3
(ii) (–7n)5 = (–7n) (–7n) (–7n) (–7n) (–7n)
(ii) 23 × 25 =
= (–7 × – 7 × – 7 × – 7 × –7) (n × n × n × n × n)
= (–7)5 × (n)5
×
Law-3 :
If a is a non-zero integer and m and n are two
whole numbers such that m > n, then
am  an = am – n
and for m < n
= 28 = 2 3 + 5
 am  an = (a)m – n = Sol. (i) = × ×

For example, 25  27 = = =

= = =
(ii) = × × × × ×
When an exponential form is divided by another
exponential form whose bases are same, then the = =
resultant is an exponential form with same base
but the exponent is the difference of the exponent
of the divisor from the exponent of the dividend. Law-5 :

Law-4 : If 'a' be any non-zero integer and m and n any two

positive integers then
Division of exponential forms with the same
exponents and different base : [(a)m]n = amn

If a and b are any two non-zero integers, have Eg : (22)3 = 22 × 22 × 22 = 22 + 2 +2 = 26 = 22 × 3

same exponent m then for am ÷ bm, we write (27)2 = 27 × 27 = 27 +7 = 214 = 27 × 2
Law-6 :
=
Law of zero Exponent
We know that
= × × × ..., m times =
26 ÷ 26 = = =1
For examples
By using Law-3 of exponents, we have
(i) 26 ÷ 36 = =
26 ÷ 26 = 26–6 = 20
Thus, 20 = 1
= × × × × × =
In general am  am = am – m = a0 and also

Hence, 26 ÷ 36 = =

=1
(ii) (–2)4 ÷ b4 = =
Hence,
 Any non-zero integer raised to the power 0
= × × × = always results into 1.
Ex.7 Find the value of :
Hence, (–2)4 ÷ b4 = (i) (30 – 20) × 50
(ii) 20 × 30 × 40
Ex.6 Write the following in expanded form :
(iii) (60 – 20) × (60 + 20)
(i) Sol. (i) We have, (30 – 20) × 50
Therefore, (1 – 1) × 1 = 0 × 1 = 0
(ii) [Since 30 =1 , 20 = 1]
(ii) We have, 20 × 30 × 40 = (1 × 1 × 1) = 1
 (iii) We have, (60 – 20) × (60 + 20) (i) 980000000
= (1 – 1) × (1 + 1) (ii) 6020000000000000000000000
= 0 × 2 = 0.
Sol. We have,
(i) 980000000 = 9.8 × 108
We know that (ii) 602000000000000000000000
100 = 10 × 10 = 102, = 6.02 × 1023
1000 = 10 × 10 × 10 = 103, Ex.10 Write number in usual form :
10000 = 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 = 104 (i) 1.001 × 109
We can write a number followed by large number (ii) 6.678 × 108
of zeroes in powers of 10.
Sol. (i) We have 1.001 × 109 = 1001000000
For example, we can write the speed of light in
(ii) We have, 6.678 × 108 = 667800000
vacuum = 300,000,000 m/s
Ex.11 Express the number appearing in the
= 3 × 1,00,000,000 m/s = 3 × 108 m/s
following statements in the form K × 10 n,
= 30 × 107 m/s = 300 × 106 m/s where 1 < K < 10 and n is an integer.
Similarly, (i) Every day about 1050000 kg pollutants
are emitted in the capital of India.
the age of universe = 8,000,000,000 years (app.)
(ii) The Earth has about 1,353000000 cubic
= 8 × 109 years (app.)
km of sea water and this sea water
We can also express the age of universe as contains around 1,361000,000 kg of gold.
80 × 108 years or 800 × 107 years, etc.
Sol. (i) We have, 1050000 = 105 × 104 = 10.5 × 105
But generally the number which preceded the
= 1.05 × 106
power of 10 should be less than 10. Such a
notation is called standard or scientific notation. (ii) We have, 1,353,000,000 = 1,353 × 106
So 8 × 109 years is the standard form of the age of = 135.3 × 107
the universe.
= 13.53 × 108
Similarly, the standard form of the speed of light
= 1.353 × 109
is 3 × 108 m/s.
and 1,361,000,000 = 1,361 × 106
EXAMPLES 
= 136.1 × 107
Ex.8 Write the following numbers in standard form :
= 13.61 × 108
(i) 4340000
= 1.361 × 109
(ii) 173000
Ex.12 Write the following number in the usual form :
(iii) 140000
(i) 3.49 × 104 (ii) 1.11 × 106
Sol. (i) It is clear that 4340000 = 434 × 10000
Sol. (i) 3.49 × 104 = 34900
6
Also, 4340000 = 4.34 × 10
(ii) 1.11 × 106 = 1110000
 434 = 4.34 × 100 = 4.34 × 10 2
Ex.13 Express the following number in the form
(ii) Also, 173000 = 1.73 × 105 K × 10n, where K is a number and n is an
integer : 4176300000
(iii) Also, 140000 = 1.4 × 105
Sol. We can write
Ex.9 Express the following numbers in standard
form : 4176300000 as 41763 × 105
 or 4176.3 × 106 or 417.63 × 107 x3y2 = x × x × x × y × y
or 41.763 × 108 or 4.1763 × 109 In the case of x3y2 and x2y3 the powers of x
and y are different. Thus x3y2 and x2y2 are
different.
Ex.14 Express 128 as power of 2 and also write its
On the other hand, x3y2 and y2x3 are
base and exponent.
same, as the powers of x and y in these two
terms are the same. The order of factors does
not matter.
x3y2 = x3 × y2 = y2 × x3 = y2x3.
Sol. Similarly, x2y3 and y3x2 are same.
Ex.19 Express the following numbers as a product
of powers of prime factors :
(i) 27 (ii) 512 (iii) 343

128 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 (iv) 729 (v) 3125

i.e., 128 = 27 Sol. (i) 27 = 3 × 3 × 3 = 33  27 = 33

In 27, Base = 2 (ii) 512 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 28

Exponent (power) = 7  512 = 28

Ex.15 Express 625 as a power of 5 and also write its (iii) 343 = 7 × 7 × 7 = 73  343 = 73
base and exponent. (iv) 729 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 36
Sol.  729 = 36
(v) 3125 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 55
 3125 = 55
Ex.20 Simplify :
(i) (–4)3 (ii) –3 × (–2)3

625 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 (iii) (– 4)2 × (– 5)2 (iv) (– 2)3 × (– 10)3

i.e., 625 = 54 Sol. (i) (– 4)3 = (– 4) × (– 4) × (– 4) = 64

In 54, Base = 5, = 4 × 4 × 4 × (–1)3

Exponent = 4 ( (–1)odd number = negative)

Ex.16 Which is smaller : 52 or 25 ? (ii) – 3 × (–2)3 = (–3) × (–2) × (–2) × (–2)

Sol. 52 = 5 × 5 = 25 = 3 × 2 × 2 × 2 × (–1)4

25 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 32 = 24 × 1

52 < 25 ( 25 < 32) ( (–1)even number = positive)

Ex.17 Which is greater : 27 or 72 ? = 24

Sol. 27 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 128. (iii) (–4)2 × (–5)2 = (–4) × (–4) × (–5) × (–5)

72 = 7 × 7 = 49 27 > 72 = 4 × 4 × 5 × 5 × (–1)4

Ex.18 Expand y3x2, y2x3, x2y3, x3y2. Are they same ? = 16 × 25 × 1 = 400

Sol. y3x2 = y × y × y × x × x (iv) (– 2)3 × (–10)3

y2x3 = y × y × x × x × x = (–2) × (–2) × (–2) × (–10) × (–10) × (– 10)

x2y3 = x × x × y × y × y = 2 × 2 × 2 × 10 × 10 × 10 × (–1)6 = 8000

Ex.21 Compare : 3.7 × 1012, 2.5 × 108.
= =
Sol. 3.7 × 1012 = 3.7 × 1000000000000
= 3700000000000
Ex.29 Evaluate : .
2.5 × 108 = 2.5 × 100000000
= 25 × 10000000
3.7 × 1012 > 2.5 × 108 Sol. = = × × =

( place value of 1012 is greater than the

place value of 108) Ex.30 Find the value of .
2 4
Ex.22 Calculate : 3 × 3 .
Sol. 32 × 34 = (3 × 3) × (3 × 3 × 3 × 3) = 36 = 32 + 4 Sol. First method : = =1
Ex.23 Calculate : (–2)3 × (–2)4.
Sol. (–2)3 × (–2)4 Second method : Using laws of exponent.

= (– 2 × – 2 × – 2) × (–2 × – 2 × – 2 × – 2)
= 43–3 ( am ÷ an = am–n)
7 3+4
= (–2) = (–2) .
Ex.24 Evaluate : 48 ÷ 43 = 40 = 1.
Ex.31 Write exponential form for 9 × 9 × 9 × 9 × 9
Sol. 48 ÷ 43 = = taking base as 3.
Sol. We have, 9 × 9 × 9 × 9 × 9 = 95
= 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 = 45 = 48–3
= (3 × 3)5 ( 9 = 3 × 3)
Ex.25 Evaluate : (42)3, (24)3.
( am × an = am + n)
Sol.
= (32)5
= 32×5 = 310 [ (am)n = amn]
Ex.32 Using laws of exponents, simplify and write
the answer in exponential form :
(i) 23 × 2 4 × 2 7 (ii) 413 ÷ 48
(iii) 52 × 22 (iv) x3 × x2
Ex.26 Evaluate : (32 × 42)
(v) 6x × 62 (vi) (52)3 ÷ 53
Sol. 32 × 42 = 3 × 3 × 4 × 4 = (3 × 4) × (3 × 4)
(vii) (34)3 (viii) (220 ÷ 215) × 23
= 12 × 12 = 122
(ix) 8x ÷ 82 (x) a5 × b5
Ex.27 Evaluate : (53 × 23)
Sol. (i) 23 × 24 × 27 = 23+4+7 = 214
Sol. 53 × 23 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 2 × 2 × 2
( am × an × ap = am+n+p)
=5×2 ×5×2×5×2
(ii) 413 ÷ 48 = 413–8 = 45 = (22)5
= 10 × 10 × 10
= 22×5 = 210
 53 × 23 = 103
( am × an = am+n, (am)n = amn)
Ex.28 Evaluate : , . (iii) 52 × 22 = (5 × 2)2 = 102
( am × bm = (a × b)m)
Sol. = = × = (iv) x3 × x2 = x3+2 = x5 (am × an = am + n)
(v) 6x × 62 = 6x+2 (am × an = am+n)
 (vi) (52)3 ÷ 53 = 52×3 ÷ 53
= 56 ÷ 53 [ (am)n = amn]
= 56–3 (ii)
3
=5
(vii) (34)3 = 34×3 = 312 [ (am)n = amn]
(viii) (220 ÷ 215) × 23 = (220–15) × 23 270 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5
( am ÷ an = am–n) 270 = 2 × 33 × 5
= 25 × 23 = 25+3 = 28
(ix) 8x ÷ 82 = 8x–2 ( am ÷ an = am–n)
(x) a5 × b5 = (a × b)5
Ex.33 Say true or false and justify your answer : (iii)

(i) 10 × 1011 = 10011

(ii) 23 > 52
(iii) 60 = (400)0
108 × 192 = (2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3) × (2 × 2 × 2
Sol. (i) 10 × 1011 = 101 × 1011
× 2 × 2 × 2 × 3)
= 101+11 ( am × an = am+n)
2 3 6
= (2 × 3 ) × (2 × 3)
 10 × 1011 = 1012
= 22+6 × 33+1
Also 10011 = (10 × 10)11
= 22 × 2 6 × 3 3 × 3 = 2 8 × 3 4
= (102)11 = 102×11
 10011 = 1022
So, 10 × 1011 = 10011  False
( 1012  1022)
(ii) 23 = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8 (iv)
2
5 = 5 × 5 = 25.
23 = 52  False ( 8  25)
(iii) 60 = 1 ( a0 = 1)
and (400)0 = 1
60 = 4000  True ( 1 = 1)
512 × 216 = (2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2)
Ex.34 Express each of the following as product of
prime factors only in exponential form : × (2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3)
(i) 729 × 64 (ii) 270 = 2 × 23 × 33
9

(iii) 108 × 192 (iv) 512 × 216 = 29+3 × 33

Sol. (i) 729 × 64 = 212 × 33

= (3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3) × (2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2) Ex.35 Simplify :

( 729 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3)
(i)
729 × 64 = 36 × 26 = (3 × 2)6 = 66
279 × 64 = 36 × 26 = (3 × 2)6 = 66
 (ii) = ( am ÷ an = am–n)

= 47–7 × 34–4
(iii)
= 40 × 3 0
=1×1=1 ( a0 = 1)
(iv)
Ex.36 Simplify and express each of the following in
exponential form :
Sol. (i) = [(am)n = (i) 254 ÷ 53
(ii) 20 × 30 × 40
amn]
(iii) 20 + 30 + 40
=
(iv)
=2 10–9
×7 3–1
( a  a = a
m n m–n
)
(v) (30 + 20) × 50
= 21 × 7 2
Sol. (i) 254  53 = (52)4  53
= 2 × 49
= 58 ÷ 53 ( am ÷ an = am–n)
= 98
= (5)8–3 = 55.
(ii) = (ii) 20 × 30 × 40 = 1 × 1 × 1 ( a0 = 1)
=1
0 0 0
= [ (a × b)m = am × bm] (iii) 2 + 3 + 4 = 1 + 1 + 1 ( a0 = 1)
=3
=
(iv) = = [(am)n = amn]

= ( am ÷ an = am–n) = 28–6 × a5–3 ( am ÷ an = am–n)

= 22 × a2 = (2 × a)2 = (2a)2

= = (v) (30 + 20) × 50

= (1 + 1) × 1 ( a0 = 1)
=2×1
(iii) =
Ex.37 Express the following numbers in the
m
[ (a × b) = a × b ] m m standard form :
(i) 35794.8 (ii) 78,640
= ( a  b = a
m n m–n
) (iii) 2,160,000 (iv) 60,090,000,000,000

= 35–5 × 55+2–7 × 25–5 ( a0 = 1)

Sol. (i) Four digit shifted so multiply by 1
=1×1×1=1
followed by 4 zeroes.

(iv) = 3.57948 × 10000

= 3.57948 × 104.
= [ (am)n = amn]
 = 900000 + 200 + 30 = 900230
(ii) 78,640 =
(iii) 4 × 105 + 5 × 103 + 3 × 102 + 2 × 100
4
= 78640 × 10000 = 7.864 × 10
= 4 × 100000 + 5 × 1000 + 3 × 100 + 2 × 1
(iii) 2,160,000 = = 400000 + 5000 + 300 + 2 = 405302
= 2.160,000 × 106 = 2.16 × 106
(iv) 60,090,000,000,000

= 6.0090,000,000,000 × 1013
= 6.009 × 1013.
Ex.38 Write the following in expanded form using
exponent :
(i) 279404 (ii) 3006194 (iii) 20068
Sol. (i) 279404 = 2 × 100000 + 7 × 10000 + 9 ×
1000 + 4 × 100 + 00 + 4 × 1
= 2 × 10 + 7 × 104 + 9 × 103 + 4 × 102
5

+ 4 × 100
(ii) 3006194
= 3 × 1000000 + 0 × 100000 + 0 × 10000
+ 6 × 1000 +1 × 100 + 9 × 10 + 4 × 1
= 3 × 106 + 6 × 103 + 1 × 102 + 9 ×101 + 4 ×
0
10
(iii) 20068 = 2 × 10000 + 6 × 10 + 8 × 1
= 2 × 104 + 6 × 101 + 8 × 100

Ex.39 Find the number from each of the following

expanded forms :
(i) 8 × 104 + 6 × 103 + 0 × 102 + 4 × 101 + 5 ×
100
(ii) 9 × 105 + 2 × 102 + 3 × 101
(iii) 4 × 105 + 5 × 103 + 3 × 102 + 2 × 100
Sol. (i) 8 × 104 + 6 × 103 + 0 × 102 + 4 × 101 + 5 × 100
= 8 × 10000 + 6 × 1000 + 0 × 100 + 4 × 10 + 5 × 1
= 80000 + 6000 + 0 + 40 + 5 = 86045.
(ii) 9 × 105 + 2 × 102 + 3 × 101
= 9 × 100000 + 2 × 100 + 3 × 10
 EXERCISE # 1
Q.1 (a) Find the value of Q.9 Using laws of exponents, simplify and write
(i) 62 (ii) 24 (iii) 83 the answer in exponential form :
(iv) 113 (v) 74 (i) 53 × 55 × 59 (ii) 1117 ÷ 1115
(b) Write the base and exponent of (iii) 9x × 94 (iv) (62)3 ÷ 65
(i) 35 (ii) (–7)9 (iii) 182 (v) 35 × 65 (vi) (414 ÷ 411) × 25

Q.2 Express the following in exponential form : Q.10 Say true or false and justify your answer :
(i) 8 × 8 × 8 × 8 (ii) b × b (i) 100 × 1010 = 10012 (ii) 39 × 48 = 1217
(iii) 6 × 6 × 9 × 9 × 9 (iv) x × x × x × y (iii) 50 = (2000)0 (iv) 53 > 35
(v) 5 × 5 × x × x
Q.11 Express each of the following as a product of
(vi) x × x × x × x × y × y × z
prime factors only in exponential form :
Q.3 Identify the smaller number, where-ever (i) 289 × 324 (ii) 216 × 125
possible, in each of the following ? (iii) 2187 × 49 (iv) 1331 × 144
(i) 53 or 35 (ii) 63 or 36 (v) 169 × 343 (vi) 225 × 3 × 5
(iii) 48 or 84 (iv) 10003 or 31000
Q.12 Simplify :
(v) 310 or 103 (vi) 26 or 62
(i) (ii)
Q.4 Express each of the following numbers using
exponential notations :
(i) 81 (ii) 15625 (iii) (iv) (60 + 70 + 80) ÷ 3
(iii) 1000000 (iv) 65536
(v) 16807 (v) (vi) (35 × 32)2

Q.5 Express each of the following as product of

powers of their prime factors : (vii) (viii)
(i) 324 (ii) 7200 (iii) 810 (iv) 540

Q.6 Simplify :
(i) 3 × 102 (ii) 83 × 23
(iii) 33 × 4 (iv) 4 × 54 (ix) × t2 × x2 (x) [(93)2 × 96] ÷ 910
(v) 0 × 103 (vi) 32 × 53
Q.13 Write the following numbers in the expanded
(vii) 34 × 42 (viii) 42 × 104
form :
Q.7 Simplify : (i) 398505 (ii) 9087183
(i) (–5)3 (ii) (–2) × (–3)5 (iii) 3708267 (iv) 230423
(iii) (–2)2 × (–4)2 (iv) (–4)3 × (–10)5 (v) 86003 (vi) 390868
Q.8 Compare the following :
Q.14 Find the number from each of the following
(i) 8.9 × 109; 9.8 × 107
exponential forms :
(ii) 5 × 104, 3 × 106
(i) 9 × 105 + 8 × 104 + 7 × 103 + 6 × 102
(iii) 16 × 1016, 3 × 103
+ 3 × 101 + 2 × 100
(iv) 6 × 1016, 7 × 1017
(ii) 6 × 104 + 7 × 103 + 8 × 102 + 5 × 100
 (iii) 4 × 104 + 8 × 102 + 6 × 100 (iii) Speed of a car is 80000.00 m/hr.
(iv) 7 × 106 + 6 × 103 + 3 × 102 + 4 × 101 (iv) In sky there are approximately
100,000,000,000,000 stars.
Q.15 Express the following numbers in standard
(v) The universe is estimated to be about
form :
12,000,000,000 years old
(i) 7,00,00,000 (ii) 8,00,00,000
(vi) The population of world is approximately
(iii) 47,89,00,000 (iv) 480,767
3,083,000,000
(v) 48096.9 (vi) 9807.86

Q.16 Express the numbers appearing in the

following statements in standard form :
(i) The distance of two places A and B is
487,000,000,000 m.
(ii) Diameter of an object is 62,30,000 mm

ANSWER KEY
1. (a) (i) 36 (ii) 16 (iii) 512 (iv) 1331 (v) 2401
(b) (i) Base = 3, Exponent = 5 (ii) Base = (–7), Exponent = 9
(iii) Base = 18, Exponent = 2

2. (i) 84 (ii) b2 (iii) 62 × 93 = 22 × 38 (iv) x3 × y (v) 52 × x2 = (5x)2 (vi) x4y2z

3. (i) 53 (ii) 63 (iii) 84 (iv) 10003 (v) 103 (vi) 62

4. (i) 34 (ii) 56 (iii) 106 (iv) 216 (v) 75

5. (i) 22 × 34 (ii) 25 × 32 × 52 (iii) 2 × 34 × 5 (iv) 22 × 33 × 5

6. (i) 300 (ii) 4096 (iii) 108 (iv) 2500 (v) 0 (vi) 1125 (vii) 1296 (viii) 160000

7. (i) –125 (ii) 486 (iii) 64 (iv) 6400000

8. (i) 8.9 × 109 > 9.8 × 107 (ii) 3 × 106 > 5 × 104 (iii) 16 × 1016 > 3 × 103 (iv) 7 × 1017 > 6 × 1016

9. (i) 517 (ii) 112 (iii) 9x+4 (iv) 6 (v) 310 × 25 (vi) 211

10. (i) false (ii) false (iii) true (iv) false

11. (i) (17 × 2)2 × 34 (ii) 63 × 53 (iii) 37 × 72 (iv) 113 × 24 × 32 (v) 132 × 73 (vi) 33 × 53

12. (i) 253125 (ii) 192x5 (iii) 5 (iv) 1 (v) 1 (vi) 314 (vii) 1 (viii) 2 (ix) xt5 (x) 81

13. (i) 3 × 105 + 9 × 104 + 8 × 103 + 5 × 102 + 5 × 100

(ii) 9 × 106 + 8 × 104 + 7 × 103 + 1 × 102 + 8 × 101 + 3 × 100
(iii) 3 × 106 + 7 × 105 + 8 × 103 + 2 × 102 + 6 × 101 + 7 × 100
(iv) 2 × 105 + 3 × 104 + 4 × 102 + 2 × 101 + 3 × 100
(v) 8 × 104 + 6 × 103 + 3 × 100
(vi) 3 × 105 + 9 × 104 + 8 × 102 + 6 × 101 + 8 × 100

14. (i) 987632 (ii) 67805 (iii) 40806 (iv) 7006340

15. (i) 7 × 107 (ii) 8 × 107 (iii) 4.789 × 108 (iv) 4.80767 × 105 (v) 4.80969 × 104 (vi) 9.80786 × 103

16. (i) 4.87 × 1011 m (ii) 6.23 × 106 mm (iii) 8 × 104 m/hr (iv) 1 × 1014 (v) 1.2 × 1010 yrs.
(vi) 3.083 × 109
 EXERCISE # 2
Fill in the blanks type Questions : Q.19 x3y2 and –y2x3 are not like terms.
(Q.1 to Q.15)
Q.20 72 is greater than 27.
0 0
Q.1 The value of (10) + (100) is equal to .......... .

Q.2 In power notation 25/36, can be expressed Q.21 The product of powers of prime factors for
as ............. . the number 343 is 37.

Q.3 The value of (3)4 is .................. . Q.22 The value of (a)m × (a)–n is (a)m+n.

Q.4 The power notation for 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 Q.23 The value of am ÷ (a)–n is (a)m+n.
is ........... .
Q.24 The value of (a–m)n is (a)–m+n.
Q.5 (–6)3 is equal to ................. .
Q.25 The value of is 1.
Q.6 The value of x0 ÷ y0 is ............ .

Q.7 56 × 5x = 5---- Q.26 Match column A with column B

Column A Column B
Q.8 (6x)2 = 6---- a b
(i) x × x (a) xa–b
Q.9 (9)3 × ........ = 98 (ii) xa ÷ xb (b) xab
(iii) (xa)b (c) 1
Q.10 ......... ÷ 42 = 46 0
(iv) (x) (d) xa + b
Q.11 The expanded form using exponent for (v) (x0)m
405972 is ........ . (vi) (xb)a

Q.12 The standard form for 68790 is ........ . (vii)

Q.13 In general if 'b' is any non-zero integer, then

(b)0 is equal to ............... . Q.27 Find the square of first ten natural numbers.

Q.14 52 is read as ............... of five. Q.28 Find the cube of first ten natural numbers.

Q.15 In exponent form (–2) raised to power four Q.29 To what power (–3) should be raised to get
can be written as .................. . –27 ?

True/False type Question (Q.16 to Q.25) Q.30 To what power (–2) should be raised to get
16 ?
Q.16 We can not find the exponential value of (a) m
unless we know that numerical numbers, the Q.31 Convert the following into power notation :
literal numbers a and m are.
(i) (ii)
Q.17 Third power of a number is called the square
of the number. (iii) (iv)

Q.18 52 is read as "two square".

Q.32 Find the value of the following :
 (i) 4830000 (ii) 946 × 107
(i) (ii)
(iii) 525 × 107

(iii) (iv) Q.35 Write the following numbers in the usual

form :
(i) 4.85 × 107 (ii) 7.49 × 105
Q.33 Simplify :
(iii) 3.5 × 106
(i)
Q.36 Express the following numbers in the form
K × 10n, where K is a number such that
(ii) 1 < K < 10 and n is an integer :
(i) 30560000 (ii) 847300000
(iii)

(iv)

Q.34 Write the following numbers in the standard

form :
 ANSWER KEY

1. 2 2. 3. 81 4. (10)5 5. (–216) 6. 1 7. 6 + x

8. 62x 9. 95 10. 48 11. 4 × 105 + 5 × 103 + 9 × 102 + 7 × 101 + 2 × 100

12. 6.8 × 104 13. 1 14. square 15. (–2)4 16. T 17. F 18. F
19. T 20. F 21. F 22. F 23. T 24. F 25. T
26. (i) d (ii) a (iii) b (iv) c (v) c (vi) b (vii) c
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
27. 1 = 1; 2 = 4; 3 = 9; 4 = 16; 5 = 25; 6 36; 7 = 49; 8 = 64; 9 = 81; 10 = 100
28. 13 = 1; 23 = 8; 33 = 27; 43 = 64; 53 = 125; 63 = 216; 73 = 343; 83 = 512; 93 = 729; 103 = 1000
29. (–3)3 = –27 30. (–2)4 = 16

31. (i) (ii) or (iii) (iv)

32. (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

33. (i) 55 (ii) 49 (iii) b5 (iv) 320

6 9
34. (i) 4.83 × 10 (ii) 9.46 × 10 (iii) 5.25 × 109
35. (i) 48500000 (ii) 749000 (iii) 3500000
7 8
36. (i) 3.056 × 10 (ii) 8.473 × 10