“A Field Report on Poultry Farm at Kathmandu”

Submitted by:

Name: Amit Chaudhary

Section: SM-51

Id no: 1278

IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF +2 SCIENCE ZOOLOGY PRACTICAL

Submitted to:

Department of Zoology

Xavier International College

Kalopul, Kathmandu, Nepal

 Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION 1-3

1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 2

1.2 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY 2

1.3 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY 3

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 4

2.1 STUDY AREA 4

2.2 MATERIALS 4

2.3 METHODS 4

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5

4. OBSERVED CHICKENS FOUND IN PANCHI POULTRY FARM 6-10

5. COMMON DISEASES OBSERVED ON THE CHICKENS ALONG 11-14

WITH THEIR TREATMENT IN PANCHI POULTRY FARM

6. CONCLUSION 15

7. REFERENCE 16
 Letter of Approval

On the recommendation of supervisor Ms. Ujjwala Kc this report submitted by Amit Chaudhary
entitled “A Field Report on Poultry Farm at Kathmandu” is approved for the examination and
submitted to Xavier International College in partial fulfillment of +2 Science Zoology Practical.

……………………………..

Mrs. Ujjwala K.C

Department of Zoology

Xavier International College

Kalopul, Kathmandu

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 Acknowledgements

I want to take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to all those who have supported
me in completing this report. Firstly, I would like to thank my teacher Mrs. Ujjwala K.C whose
guidance and encouragement throughout this project have been invaluable. Their expertise and
insights have been instrumental in shaping the direction and scope of this study.

I would also like to thank the lab staff of Xavier International College who generously provided
access to their facilities and equipment. Their support and assistance have been essential in
collecting the data needed for this report.

I am also grateful to my friends for their support and feedback during the preparation of this
report. Their constructive criticism and encouragement have been invaluable in shaping the final
product.

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 Abstract

This study attempts to analyze the collection of the poultry farm of Nepal. A poultry farm is an
agricultural operation dedicated to the breeding, raising, and production of domesticated birds
such as chickens, ducks, turkeys, and geese, primarily for meat and egg production. These farms
can vary in scale from small, backyard operations to large, commercial facilities housing
thousands of birds. Key aspects of poultry farming include housing, feeding, disease
management, and waste disposal. Modern poultry farms often employ advanced technologies for
automation, climate control, and biosecurity to optimize production efficiency and animal
welfare. The industry plays a critical role in global food security, providing a significant source
of protein and economic livelihood for millions. However, it also faces challenges such as
environmental impact, disease outbreaks, and ethical concerns regarding animal welfare.
Sustainable practices and innovations are increasingly being adopted to address these issues.

Keywords: Poultry farm, Breeding, Sustainable practices, Disease management etc.

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 1. INTRODUCTION

A poultry farm is a place where birds like chickens, ducks, turkeys, and geese are raised for their
meat, eggs, or feathers. It is an important part of agriculture because it provides food and income
for many people. Poultry farming is popular because it doesn’t require a lot of space or money to
start, and it can be done in both small and large scales.

On a poultry farm, the birds are kept in safe and clean shelters called coops or houses. These
shelters protect them from bad weather, predators, and diseases. Farmers provide the birds with
food and water daily to keep them healthy and help them grow. The food given to the birds is
specially made to give them all the nutrients they need. There are two main types of poultry
farming: broilers and layers. Broilers are chickens raised for their meat, while layers are hens
raised for their eggs. Some farms also raise birds for both purposes. Poultry farming requires
careful management to ensure the birds stay healthy and productive. Farmers must keep the farm
clean, vaccinate the birds, and monitor their growth.

Poultry farming is beneficial because it provides a good source of protein through eggs and meat.
It also creates jobs and helps farmers earn money. However, it requires hard work, patience, and
knowledge to run a successful poultry farm. With proper care and management, poultry farming
can be a rewarding and profitable business. It plays a key role in feeding the growing population
and supporting the economy.

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1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main objectives of our study were as follows:

 Maintain a healthy flock by preventing and controlling diseases through vaccination,

biosecurity measures, and proper nutrition.
 Develop and implement cost-effective feeding strategies that meet the nutritional
requirements of the birds at different stages of growth.
 Minimize the environmental impact of the farm by managing waste, reducing emissions,
and using resources efficiently.
 Identify and target new markets for poultry products.
 Implement strict biosecurity measures to prevent the introduction and spread of diseases.

1.2 SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

The significance of studying poultry farming lies in its critical role in addressing global food
security, economic development, and sustainable agricultural practices. Poultry farming is one of
the most efficient and scalable sources of animal protein, providing eggs and meat to meet the
nutritional needs of a growing population. It is particularly vital in developing countries, where it
offers a low-cost, high-return livelihood opportunity for smallholder farmers, contributing to
poverty alleviation and rural development. Additionally, poultry farming has a lower
environmental footprint compared to other livestock sectors, making it a key component of
sustainable food systems. Studying poultry farming helps identify innovative practices, improve
productivity, enhance animal welfare, and mitigate challenges such as disease outbreaks, feed
efficiency, and environmental impact. By advancing knowledge in this field, stakeholders can
ensure a stable supply of affordable, high-quality protein while promoting economic growth and
environmental sustainability.

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1.3 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

 High initial investment costs for infrastructure, equipment, and quality chicks.
 Limited access to vaccines or veterinary services, especially in remote or underdeveloped
areas.
 Dependence on high-quality feed, which can be expensive and subject to price volatility.
 Poor understanding of biosecurity measures, leading to increased disease risks.
 Difficulty in accessing reliable markets or fair prices for poultry products.

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 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1 STUDY AREA

The PANCHI poultry farm is located in Khorsane bari, Kathmandu. The farm was established
in 2010. Since then, the farm has been cultivating more than 30 specimens of chickens. PANCHI
Farm, located at the base of Tokha, is also one of the farm where people can enjoy fishing.
Covering an area of approximately 20 acre, the farm comprises various gardens, open spaces
and ponds with various species of fish within its premises. It’s primary function is to cultivate
and harvest fish or other aquatic organisms in a controlled environment for commercial,
recreational, or conservation purposes.

Panchi poultry farm

Fig: Panchi poultry farm on map of Nepal

Source:
https://cdn.vectorstock.com/i/1000v/89/46/detailed-map-of-nepal-and-capital-city-kathmandu-
vector-2758946.avif

2.2 MATERIALS

Mobile, and other devices were used during the observation and collection of data and study.

2.3 METHODS

1. Secondary Method: Google, websites, and research papers were used.

2. Visiting poultry farm: Asking question and interaction was done.

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 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

We found different types of chickens. The most common diseases of chicken and their
treatments were discussed. The types of chickens and their diseases with their respective
medicine were noted and their total numbers were reported. (need to add more)

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 4. OBSERVED CHICKENS FOUND IN PANCHI POULTRY FARM

1. Sakini: The Most Adapted Indigenous Breed Sakini, the most prevalent indigenous breed of
poultry in Nepal, accounts for more than half of the indigenous chicken population in the
country. What sets Sakini apart is its exceptional adaptability to harsh conditions, making it a
reliable choice for Nepalese farmers. One remarkable trait of Sakini is its early maturation,
allowing for quicker returns on investment. Sakini chickens also exhibit early egg-laying
compared to other breeds, giving them a competitive edge. Additionally, Sakini demonstrates
higher hatchability compared to the Naked Neck breed, ensuring a healthy population for future
generations.

Sakini
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2. Ghanti Khuile (Naked Neck): Uniquely Resilient Another indigenous breed found in Nepal
is Ghanti Khuile, commonly known as the Naked Neck breed. This breed showcases distinct
feather characteristics, with exposed neck skin that aids in heat dissipation and disease
resistance. The Naked Neck trait enables Ghanti Khuile chickens to withstand adverse climatic
conditions, ensuring their survival and productivity. Similar to Sakini, Ghanti Khuile
demonstrates a relatively high egg production rate per year, underscoring its value to the poultry
industry in Nepal.

Ghanti khuile
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3. Broiler: Broiler chickens are raised primarily for meat rather than to lay eggs. These poultry
are often white and are bred to be large and very healthy, often with more breast meat for the
consumer market. Broiler chicken breeds grow very fast and offer good value in terms of protein
and calories.

Broiler
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4. Puwakh Ulte: An Indigenous Breed with Potential While specific information about Puwakh
Ulte is limited in the available excerpt, it is worth noting that this indigenous breed holds
promise in Nepal's poultry sector. Further research and documentation are needed to gain a
comprehensive understanding of Puwakh Ulte's characteristics and contributions.

Puwakh Ulte
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5. Kadaknath: Kadaknath also called Kali Masi is an Indian breed of chicken. These chickens
are mostly bred by the rural and tribals. There are three varieties: jet black, golden and
penciled. The meat from this breed has a geographical indication. The Kadaknath is popular for
its adaptability and its grey-black meat, which is believed to infuse vigour.

Kadaknath
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5. THE MOST COMMON DISEASE OBSERVED ON THE CHICKEN

ALONG WITH THEIR TREATMENT IN PANCHI POULTRY FARM:

1. Coccidiosis:

o Cause: Caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria.

o Symptoms: Diarrhea (which may be bloody), weight loss, lethargy, and

decreased egg production.

o Treatment: Anticoccidial medications such as amprolium (e.g., Amprol, Corid)

or sulfa drugs (e.g., sulfadimethoxine). Good hygiene and management practices
are crucial for prevention.

2. Marek's Disease:

o Cause: Caused by a herpesvirus.

o Symptoms: Tumors, paralysis of legs and wings, weight loss, and vision
impairment.

o Treatment: There is no cure for Marek's disease. Vaccination of day-old chicks is

the primary method of prevention.

3. Infectious Bronchitis (IB):

o Cause: Caused by a coronavirus.

o Symptoms: Respiratory distress, coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, and

decreased egg production with misshapen eggs.

o Treatment: Supportive care, including ensuring good ventilation and reducing

 stress. Vaccination is the primary method of prevention.

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4. Newcastle Disease:

o Cause: Caused by avian paramyxovirus type 1.

o Symptoms: Respiratory distress, nervous signs (tremors, paralysis), and

decreased egg production.

o Treatment: No specific treatment. Supportive care and vaccination are key to

prevention.

5. Fowl Pox:

o Cause: Caused by the fowl pox virus.

o Symptoms: Wart-like lesions on the skin (dry form) or lesions in the mouth and
respiratory tract (wet form).

o Treatment: No specific treatment. Supportive care and vaccination are important

for prevention.

6. Avian Influenza (Bird Flu):

o Cause: Caused by influenza A viruses.

o Symptoms: Respiratory distress, decreased egg production, swelling of the head,

and sudden death.

o Treatment: No specific treatment. Infected birds are often culled to prevent

spread. Biosecurity measures and vaccination (where available) are crucial for
prevention.
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7. Mycoplasmosis (Chronic Respiratory Disease):

o Cause: Caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum.

o Symptoms: Respiratory distress, nasal discharge, coughing, and decreased egg

production.

o Treatment: Antibiotics such as tylosin, tetracyclines, or enrofloxacin. Good

management practices and biosecurity are important for prevention.

8. Bumblefoot:

o Cause: Bacterial infection (often Staphylococcus aureus) following a wound or

injury.

o Symptoms: Swelling, lameness, and a black scab on the foot.

o Treatment: Cleaning the wound, removing the scab, and applying antibiotics
(topical and/or systemic). Proper housing and management to prevent injuries are
key.

9. Egg Binding:

o Cause: Occurs when a hen is unable to pass an egg.

o Symptoms: Straining, lethargy, and a swollen abdomen.

o Treatment: Warm baths and gentle massage to help the hen pass the egg. In
severe cases, veterinary intervention may be necessary.
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10. Internal and External Parasites:

o Cause: Various parasites such as worms (e.g., roundworms, tapeworms) and

external parasites (e.g., mites, lice).

o Symptoms: Weight loss, decreased egg production, feather loss, and irritation.

o Treatment: Anthelmintics for worms (e.g., fenbendazole, ivermectin) and

acaricides for external parasites (e.g., permethrin, ivermectin). Regular cleaning
and preventive treatments are important.
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6. CONCLUSION

Panchi Poultry Farm is a notable example of a successful poultry farming enterprise that has
contributed to the local economy and food security in its region. Located in a suitable
environment for poultry farming, the farm specializes in the production of eggs and meat,
catering to the growing demand for poultry products. Over the years, Panchi Poultry Farm has
adopted modern farming techniques, improved infrastructure, and efficient management
practices to enhance productivity and ensure the health and well-being of the birds.

The farm focuses on raising high-quality breeds of chickens, which are known for their high egg-
laying capacity and meat yield. By implementing biosecurity measures, regular vaccination
programs, and proper nutrition, Panchi Poultry Farm has been able to maintain healthy flocks
and minimize the risk of diseases. This has not only improved the farm's output but also ensured
the production of safe and nutritious poultry products for consumers.

In addition to its commercial success, Panchi Poultry Farm has played a significant role in
supporting local livelihoods. It provides employment opportunities for the local community,
including roles in farm management, feeding, cleaning, and distribution. The farm also serves as
a model for aspiring poultry farmers, offering training and knowledge-sharing programs to
promote best practices in poultry farming.
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7. REFERENCES

 https://www.deepseek.com/
 https://naya.com.np/post/p16852766074ot07
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadaknath
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broiler
 https://www.facebook.com/GPFHU/posts/sakini-luiche-giriraj-poultry-farm-and-
hatchery-udhyog-duwakot-bhaktapur-9860116/451078293407658/
 https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=362796784546089&set=pcb.362796824546085
 https://www.mannapro.com/Top-6-Chicken-Diseases#:~:text=Marek's%20Disease%20is
%20a%20highly,excellent%20example%20of%20disease%20control.
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