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UNIT - II
Control Structures

Q 1. Define a statement. What are the different types of statements?

Answer:
A Statement is an instruction in a program that can formed using C-Tokens. There are 3 types of statements.
i) Sequential Statements
ii) Conditional Statements (Decision Statements)
iii) Looping Statements.
➢ In Sequential, each and every statement is executed one by one without skipping.
➢ In Conditional, particular block of statements is executed based on condition.
➢ Conditional statements in C are: if and switch
➢ In Looping, a block of statements is executed up to number of times based on condition. Looping statements in C
are: do-while, while and for

Q 2. Define null statement. What is the importance of it?

Answer:

Null statement means it executes nothing in the program that means it performs no operation.

Example:

; → it is a null statement

Importance:

It is useful when the syntax of the language calls for a statement but no expression evaluation.

Q 3. Explain in detail about if statement with example.

Answer:

There are 3 types of if statement. They are:

1. Simple if

2. if-else statement

3. if-else-if statement (else-if ladder)

1. Simple if:

In simple if, if the condition is true, then True block statements are executed. Simple if does not concentrate on the
False condition.
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Output: Enter any integer number : 20

Given number is divisible by 5.

Explanation: In the above program user need to entered integer value 20 is stored in variable “n” using if condition
modulo operation 20%5 then remainder is “0”. The given condition is True the if block statement is executed...

2. if-else statement:

In if-else-if statement, if the condition is true then True block statements are executed otherwise False block
statements are executed.
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3. if-else-if statement (else-if ladder):

It is used in the scenario where there are multiple cases to be performed for different conditions.

In if-else-if ladder statement, if a condition is true then the statements defined in the if block will be executed,
otherwise if some other condition is true then the statements defined in the else-if block will be executed, at the last
if none of the condition is true then the statements defined in the else block will be executed.
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Q 4. Write short note on nested-if statement.

Answer:

Nested-if statement:

Writing an if statement inside another if statement is called nested if statement.

Output:
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Q 5. Explain in detail about switch statement.

Answer:

Switch statement:

The switch statement in C is an alternate to if-else-if ladder statement which allows us to execute multiple operations
for the different possible values of a single variable called switch variable.

Here, we can define various statements in the multiple cases for the different values of a single variable.

The syntax of switch statement is given below

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Q 6. Explain in detail about looping statements.

Answer:

The looping statements are used to execute a single statement or block of statements repeatedly until the given
condition is FALSE.

C has 3 looping statements:

1. do-while

2. while

3. for

1. do-while statement:

The do-while statement is used to execute a single statement or block of statements repeatedly until given condition
is False.

The do-while statement is also known as the Exit control looping statement.

In do-while, the block of statements is executed at least once.

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2. while statement:

The while statement is used to execute a single statement or block of statements repeatedly until given condition is
False.

The while statement is also known as the Exit control looping statement.
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3. for statement:

The for statement is used to execute a single statement or block of statements repeatedly until given condition is
False.
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Q 7. Write the difference between do-while and while.

Q 8. Write short note on break statement.

Answer:

In C, the break statement is used to perform the following two things:

1. break statement is used to terminate the switch case statement

2. break statement is also used to terminate looping statements like while, dowhile and for.
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The break statement execution is as shown in the following figure.

Q 9. Write short note on continue statement.

Answer:

➢ The continue statement is used to move the program execution control to the beginning of the looping
statement.
➢ The continue statement can be used with looping statements like while, do-while and for.
➢ When we use continue statement with while and do-while statements the execution control directly jumps to
the condition.
➢ When we use continue statement with for statement the execution control directly jumps to the modification
portion (increment/decrement/any modification) of the for loop.
➢ The continue statement execution is as shown in the following figure.
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Program:

Output:
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Q 10. Write the difference between break and continue.

Answer:

Important Question
1. Define null statement.
2. Write syntax and flow chart for if-else statement.
3. Define conditional statements.
4. Define looping statements.
5. Write syntax for do-while statement.
6. Write differences between while and do-while
7. Write a C program to print 1 to 10 natural number using for loop?
8. Write a C program to print given pattern using while loop?
*
**
***
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9. Write a C program to print 10 to 1 natural number using do…while loop?
10. Write a C program to find greatest among two numbers using if-else condition?
11. Write a C program to print whether even or odd number using if-else condition?
12. Write a C program to print multiplication table using for loop?
5*1=5
5*2=10..