Volume 9, Issue 4, April 2021

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

| e-ISSN: 2320-9801, p-ISSN: 2320-9798| www.ijircce.com | |Impact Factor: 7.488 |

|| Volume 9, Issue 4, April 2021 ||

| DOI: 10.15680/IJIRCCE.2021.0904042 |

Intelligent IV Fluid Bottle for Healthcare

Using Robotic Arm
N. Nisha1, C. Sandhiya 2, Dr. M. Sudha3
UG Student, Dept. of E.C.E., Paavai Engineering College, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India1,2
Professor, Dept. of E.C.E., Paavai Engineering College, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India3

ABSTRACT: In this paper, we recommend an intelligent way to control the saline flow rate and monitoring of oxygen
level for the quick recovery of patients. Almost in all hospitals, a nurse is responsible for monitoring the saline fluid
level and the oxygen level continuously. But unfortunately, during most of the time the nurse may forgets to change the
saline bottle at the correct time. It may lead to several problems to the patients such as backflow of blood, blood loss,
drop oxygen level etc.The design and execution of saline and oxygen flow controlling method employs a liquid IR
sensor, SpO2 sensor, temperature sensor and pressure sensor. The Arduino Mega (2560) platform has been used as
controlling units for essential control along with a 3x4 matrix keypad which helps in setting the saline flow rate. The
LCD display is used to indicate the saline flow rate and oxygen rate. Android phone is employed to control and monitor
the saline flow rate through the mobile application; it also monitors the heart beat rate and body temperature as well as
there is an option to eject the venflon using robotic arm. Also, we are using a push switches. These switches can be
used in either increasing or decreasing the saline flow and also pressure. Relay also used. If any process goes down, it
will indicate through an alarm. Here, using IOT technology, the status of the patient will send to the android application
with the help of Wi-Fi connection. The main advantage of our project is a single nurse can monitor more than ten
patients at a time.

KEYWORDS:Intravenous, robotic arm, controlling method, saline.

I. INTRODUCTION

Saline or intravenous fluid is a term refers to sterile solution of sodium chloride (nacl) or a substance which is given
through vein to improve the patients’ health. In medical fields the intravenous fluid is used to desiccation, hypovolemia
or in nasal irrigation. The number of saline bottle is based on the condition of the patient health. Thus it is prime thing
to measure the flow rate of fluid. This has been done manually by the nurses. During day or night time the few number
of caretakers makes this task quite complicate. Thus it becomes mandatory to invent remote health monitoring systems
which will measure the required patient data accurately and transmit a doctor or caretaker through fizzy logic
algorithm. Many systems have been developed in last few years for measurement of parameters like blood pressure,
dextrose, pulse rate, body temperature and so on. This has been possible because of advancement in the field of
sensors, microcontrollers and telemetry [2]. The development of such a system introduces a drastic change in medical
field for monitoring the patient’s parameters like heart beat rate, detection of heart attack symptoms and much more
automatically with interdisciplinary nature. Even though many advanced remote monitoring devices or system are used,
ensuring the safety of the patients during iv period is still a challenging issue. Intravenous fluid is a process which the
liquid directly into the patient’s hands. Therapies manage intravenously are often called specialty drips. The number of
technology is involved to take care of health sectors and also involved in their improvement process. Still there have
been many research and development of iv flow monitoring and controlling device or system for betterment of people’s
health care. The main objective of this is to provide reliable, convenient, effortless and cost effective system for flow
and pressure monitoring. The saline is injected into blood by considering certain parameters like heart rate, blood
pressure, body temperature, and pulse rate of patient. If the fluid crosses the certain limit it is required to change the iv
bottle on time. Similarly, if the oxygen goes below the critical level, the nurse should check the level. An automatic
monitoring system determines the flow and pressure rate. Normally when a saline is fitted to a patient, he/she is in a
desiccation condition. it is major important thing when the fluid crosses the certain limit and also here to note that the
saline is needed only when the patient is dehydrated. in most cases caretaker lethargically when monitored the patient,
then it causes fatal consequences. if due to some other unavoidable situation, the saline bottle is completely cater of to
the patient and the venflon is not at once removed from the veins then the pressure difference between the patient blood
pressure and the empty fluid bottle causes an outward rush of blood into the saline. Normally this may be think of as a
natural event.

IJIRCCE©2021 | An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | 1888

 International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

| e-ISSN: 2320-9801, p-ISSN: 2320-9798| www.ijircce.com | |Impact Factor: 7.488 |

|| Volume 9, Issue 4, April 2021 ||

| DOI: 10.15680/IJIRCCE.2021.0904042 |

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

Normally, as the population growth increases, the need for health care also increases. Hence it is a compulsory thing for
everyone in this world to take care of their health properly. So, maintaining patient’s safety is the first priority to be
given in all hospitals. Many systems have been rapidly developed in last few years for measurement and transmission
of parameters such as blood pressure, glucose, pulse rate, temperature and so on. Saline is a word referring to sterile
solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) used in hospitals where it is commonly said as glucose bottle. In medical field,
saline is often used for intravenous infusion in dehydration, hypervolemia or in nasal irrigation. Probably the doctor or
the nurse measure the saline flow rate manually and then adjust it accordingly. But it is very difficult for a nurse to be
present at the patient‘s bedside every moment. This system will help the nurses in remote monitoring the saline to the
large extent. The use of RF ZigBee module helps in reducing the power consumption and cutting down the cost of
messages as is not the case of GSM module[2] The lack of careful persons with sufficient skill in hospitals and their
heavy duty time become a social problem in this modern world. We have to develop low cost health monitoring
systems which is available to every hospital in the days to come. A number of health monitoring sensors for humans in
bed have been developed also monitoring heart rate by an air pressure with an air tube in mattress in bed is developed.
System of systems using non- contact sensors is known by Yutaka. Heart attack symptoms can be detected using
mobile phone and wearable sensors. The automatic saline monitoring system provides more flexibility to the doctors;
thereby the patient’s caring enhanced. The automatic injection system includes the patient’s physiological conditions
like heart rate, body temperature, rate of respiration, blood pressure are automatically checked and the saline flow rate
is controlled and hence it saves lot of time for the doctor or nurse who is on duty [3] So to assure the safety of the
patient during IV period there is a need to develop an efficient health monitoring system in the medical industry. This
can be achieved with the help of RF based IV fluid level indicating system where IR sensor, RF transmitter, receiver
and buzzer are used to provide information to control either to change the intravenous or to switch off it. This will
reduces the stress in continuous monitoring of the patient by the doctor or nurse at an affordable cost.[9] The
requirements for health care are rapidly rising with the continuous growing of the world. Numerous technological
innovation designs are evolved and taken for the advantages of medical improvements. There have been research and
development of saline monitoring and controlling device for upgradement of people’s health care. The intension of this
is to give the regular life to a affected person through developing an automated and also price efficient saline tracking
and controlling method because it is necessary to control the saline flow rate for different age patient as circulation
flow depending on physical conditions like heart rate as well as pulse rate, heat range of patient’s body, body mass, and
blood pressure level of the patient [10]. Due to evolution in science and development of the technology, the growth in
the medical field is rapid. This is due to the combine of the engineering and medical field. Now days, many automatic
health monitoring devices are developed to ensure patients safety and to reduce the stress of the doctors and nurse.
Bluetooth module and WI-FI module act as trans-receiver, due to which the notification can be sent to the nurse on her
mobile as well as computer. The CC2500 is a low cost true single chip 2.4GHZ transceiver designed for low power
wireless applications. The system is reliable, low cost and convenient for nurses and doctors and also it can be reused
for the next saline bottle. So it is beneficial for nurses as well as doctors at rural hospitals, they can easily monitor the
saline level from distance also. It is mainly useful at night timing as there is no need for nurses to go to patient’s bed to
check the level of saline in the bottle every time[6] The technologies are transforming further than one's visualization.
The solution of sodium chloride sterile is utilized to get rinsing out contact lenses, nasal irritability, into the vein
infusion and to cleanse a fresh piercing. Regular Saline is frequently used in intravenous drips or the patients who are
not able to have liquids by mouth as well as tend to be in threat of leading to dehydration or hypovolemia. The device
can be used in the medical application as well as in chemical lab where the very accurate flow of fluid is required. Once
the command is given to the device regardless of the level of water from the patient, it keeps the flow rate constant.
This low-cost medical device may have potential use for patient health care, especially in developing countries like
Bangladesh.[8] However, in today’s busy world there is increase in sudden death events which motivates for a
monitoring system that continuously monitors remotely located patient effectively. Depending on this factor many
researchers have developed patient monitoring system[4] Growth of technology is at its peak. The main aim of this
paper is to propose a system which can measure the saline flow rate and develop an automated infusion rate system
remotely. It can also monitor the saline level. When it is below the critical level, immediately an alert is sent to the
concerned authority and relatives of the patient through the use of internet. We also propose using speech recognition
technique and depending on the frequency the concerned message is either sent to relatives or the nurse/doctor. To
detect and control the flow rate accurately, a flow sensor made up of two metal wires is used, which is more sensitive
than the one available in the market. The primary goal of this system is to offer dependable, hassle-free, simple and
easy as well as a cost efficient method of saline level controlling. It will be advantageous at night as there will be no
such requirement for the nurses to visit patient’s bed every time to check the level of saline in the bottle since an alert

IJIRCCE©2021 | An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | 1889

 International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

| e-ISSN: 2320-9801, p-ISSN: 2320-9798| www.ijircce.com | |Impact Factor: 7.488 |

|| Volume 9, Issue 4, April 2021 ||

| DOI: 10.15680/IJIRCCE.2021.0904042 |

notification will be sent to the nurses, doctors, caretakers when saline reaches the critical level[1] Internet of Things
(IoT) is the network of physical objects comprising of all the devices, vehicles, buildings and the other items embedded
with electronics, software and sensors which enables these objects to collect and exchange data amongst each other.
Using this technology, objects are sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure. IoT is
advantageous in many ways as it leads to automation of daily tasks leading to better quality of life and saves money as
well as time. Applications of IoT include a vast number of systems, amongst them, a few are Smart homes, automated
car, automated doors, Automated Escalators, Automated Hand Dryer[5] The main highlight of the device is its cost-
effectiveness without compromising with performance. As a end we get guaranteed patient safety and also minimum
human interference, with the large magnitude of research and development carried out in the embedded system market
it’s concluded that the ever growing medical sector gets a technology boost rapidly. This device aims to bring about a
revolution in the common medical sector which is sadly very primitive and risky[7]

III. P ROPOSED SYSTEM

The main objective of this is to provide a reliable, convenient, effortless and cost-effective system for flow and pressure
monitoring. The saline is injected into blood by considering certain parameters like heart rate, blood pressure, body
temperature, and pulse rate of a patient. Similarly, if the oxygen goes below the critical level, the nurse should check
the level. An automatic monitoring system determines the flow and pressure rate. After examining a few papers based
on the improvement of the automated saline monitoring system, it was seen that many complex circuit and modules
were used which increase the cost of manufacturing but the oxygen pressure mechanism is not involved here. In some
systems, Bluetooth system were used to monitoring the system. In all the previous systems it was seen that there is no
automatic control of flow rate.
The proposed system is to detect and control the flow rate of saline and oxygen label correctly and give the signal to the
doctor or nurse so that the amount of flow and pressure can be controlled using a smartphone and guide control. The
system will be able to control the flow rate automatically allowing to the command given to the device by the user.
Sensors will be developed to determine the rate. A water drop IR sensor will detect the water drop accurately.
Using Arduino AT mega our proposed system is designed. Let an IR sensor is fitted in the saline bottle at a certain
limit which will continuously monitor the saline flow. if the fluid crosses a certain limit an alert message will send to
the nurse mobile application with the connection to the Wi-Fi module. Through that message nurse or caretaker can
increase, decrease or even stop the flow rate.
The controlling process of fluid done in two cases.
1. In Case 1: an alert message received in nurse mobile application. if that patient needs 2 saline bottles, the
nurse decreases the fluid flow using the app and she will visit the patient and take care of it.
2. In case 2: similarly a message received in the mobile app but here the patient doesn’t need 2 saline bottle .now
nurse stop the fluid flow using stop option in the mobile app. After stopping the process ejection of venflon will be
done.
Similarly, during an accident or operation, oxygen level in the brain may decrease so aviod that here we measuring the
oxygen level in the brain. And finally, there is a fault identification process to avoid human error.

Fig 1. Block Diagram

IJIRCCE©2021 | An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | 1890

 International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

| e-ISSN: 2320-9801, p-ISSN: 2320-9798| www.ijircce.com | |Impact Factor: 7.488 |

|| Volume 9, Issue 4, April 2021 ||

| DOI: 10.15680/IJIRCCE.2021.0904042 |

IV. RESULTS AND D ISCUSSION

The thing which has been executed in our project is mainly based on the sensors. Depending upon the voltage and
weight quantity of the sensor, the flow rate and the oxygen rate can be controlled and the temperature value can be seen
and displayed in the LCD through Arduino AT mega. IR sensor is used to see how much of flow rate is present.
Temperature of the patient is detected using the temperature sensor. Heart beat sensor is used to count the heart beat
count at every 2 seconds. Pressure sensor is used to generate the oxygen. The above process can be done through an
application. With the help of this application, the nurse can automatically control the flow rate if wants to either
increase or decrease.

Fig 2. Simulation Output

V. CONCLUSION AND F UTURE WORK

This paper analysis of automatic monitoring and controlling of fluid flow to reduce the burden of nurse and to
improve the patients’ healthcare. By this system we can build smart hospital. Feature process of this system is to avoid
air bubbles in the saline bottle.

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1. Bhadgale.M,AnkitaRani,AkshayKarnawat,NitinLimhan,SudhanshiSalke“Intelligent Saline Control Mechanism”

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Flow Sensor, Microcontroller and RF Zigbee Module", International Journal of Engineering Research and General
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3. Gavimath.C.C, Krishnamurthy Bhat, Chayalakshmi.C.L., Hooli.R.S and Ravishankera B.E, "Design And
Development Of Versatile Saline Flow Rate Measuring System And Gsm Based Remote Monitoring
Device",.International Journal of Pharmaceutical Applications, vol. 3, June 18.
4. Kalaivani.P,Thamaraiselvi.S, Sindhuja.P “Real Time ECG and Saline Level Monitoring System Using Arduino
UNO Processor” Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology (AJAST) Volume 1, Issue 2, March 2017.
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Using Smart Phone for Medical Application” International Journal of Emerging Technology in Computer Science
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Journal of Trendy research in Engineering and Technology (IJ TR ET) Volume 2 Issue 3 April 2018

IJIRCCE©2021 | An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | 1891

 International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

| e-ISSN: 2320-9801, p-ISSN: 2320-9798| www.ijircce.com | |Impact Factor: 7.488 |

|| Volume 9, Issue 4, April 2021 ||

| DOI: 10.15680/IJIRCCE.2021.0904042 |

BIOGRAPHY

N. Nishais currently pursuing her undergraduates in the department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at
Paavai Engineering College (Autonomous). She is an active member in IFERP. She is the Internshala Student Partner
in the program ISP 15&16. She is runner-up in Smart India Hackathon in the year of 2020 for the project titled “Smart
IV Bottle for Health Care using Robotic Arm”. She has made her patent in the field of Healthcare and Robotics. . She
has worked in 5 projects in the field of Internet of Things and Health Care till now.
C.Sandhiyais currently pursuing her undergraduates in the department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
at Paavai Engineering College (Autonomous). She is runner-up in Smart India Hackathon in the year of 2020 for the
project titled “Smart IV Bottle for Health Care using Robotic Arm”. She has made her patent in the field of Healthcare
and Robotics. She has completed the course of Business English Certification preliminary level certified by University
of Cambridge, ESOL Examinations. She has worked in 5 projects in the field of Internet of Things, Robotics, and
Health Care till now.
Dr.M. Sudha, is currently working as Professor and Head of Electronics and Communication Engineering Department,
Paavai Engineering College (Autonomous), Namakkal. She has been working in the institution since 2005. She has a
rich experience of 15 years in the field of technical education. She has completed her B.E., degree in Electronics and
Communication Engineering from ThanthaiPeriyar Government Institute of Technology (TPGIT), Vellore under
Madras University and obtained her M.B.A., degree in Finance under Alagappa University, Karaikkudi. Then, she
obtained her M.E degree in Applied Electronics under Anna University, Coimbatore. She completed her Research in
the area of Wireless Sensor Networks under Information and Communication Engineering at Anna University,
Chennai. She published 20 publications in International Journals and 15 publications in National and International
Conferences. She was awarded and rewarded with more than 12 merit certificates and gold coins for her achievement in
the field of Education. She is acting as a Journal Reviewer for Springer – Wireless Networks and IEEE Access,
Technical committee member in IFERP, Question paper setter for 3 Autonomous colleges. She has received 6
renowned Awards namely, Best Outstanding Faculty form TESFA, Best Faculty from IARA, Best Researcher from
IJRULA, Young Women Educator & Researcher Award from (NFED), Best Woman Scientist Award from Novel
Research Academy, Puducherry and Young Engineers Award from IEI (Kolkata) for her continuous efforts in Teaching
and Research. She has completed the course of Business English Certification preliminary level certified by University
of Cambridge, ESOL Examinations. More than 8 course materials were prepared by her to the betterment of student
community. She has guided 42 UG projects and 14 PG projects till now. She has received various funds from TNSCST,
AICTE and PMKVY-TI. She has made more than 6 patents in the field of Wireless sensor networks, Internet of things,
embedded systems, VLSI Design and Machine learning. She is a striving contributor in the field of Science and
Technology by being an active member of many Professional Bodies like ISTE, IEI, IETE, IARA, IJRULA, IFERP and
IAENG.

IJIRCCE©2021 | An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | 1892