1. Draw a flowchart to find whether the number is even or odd.

**Flowchart:**
Start
|
V
Read the number
|
V
Is number % 2 == 0?
| No --> Print "Odd"
| Yes --> Print "Even"
|
V
Stop

---

2. Write an algorithm to check whether a number is a prime number or not.

**Algorithm:**
1. Start
2. Read number n.
3. If n <= 1, print "Not Prime" and exit.
4. For i = 2 to sqrt(n), do:
a. If n % i == 0, print "Not Prime" and exit.
5. Print "Prime".
6. End

---

3. Define storage classes in C. Write the importance of storage classes.

**Storage Classes in C:**

1. **auto**: Default storage class for local variables.
2. **register**: Stores variable in the CPU register for faster access.
3. **static**: Preserves the value of a variable between function calls.
4. **extern**: Used to declare a variable that is defined outside the
function.

**Importance:**
- Controls the scope and lifetime of variables.
- Ensures optimized memory usage.
- Provides flexibility in managing variable values.

---

4. What is the difference between constants and variables in C?

**Difference:**
- **Constant**: A fixed value that cannot be modified during program
execution. Example: `const int a = 5;`
- **Variable**: A memory location that can store values and whose value can
change during program execution. Example: `int a = 5;`

---
5. What are arithmetic operators? Explain with examples.

**Arithmetic Operators:**
1. **+**: Addition (e.g., `a + b`)
2. **-**: Subtraction (e.g., `a - b`)
3. **\***: Multiplication (e.g., `a * b`)
4. **/**: Division (e.g., `a / b`)
5. **%**: Modulus (e.g., `a % b`)

Example:
```c
int a = 10, b = 5;
int sum = a + b; // 15

6. Describe conditional operators with examples.

Conditional Operators: A ternary operator that evaluates a condition and returns one of two
values.

Syntax: condition ? value_if_true : value_if_false;

Example:

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int a = 10, b = 5;
int result = (a > b) ? a : b; // result will be 10

7. List and explain relational operators in ‘C’.

Relational Operators:

1. ==: Equal to
2. !=: Not equal to
3. >: Greater than
4. <: Less than
5. >=: Greater than or equal to
6. <=: Less than or equal to

Example:

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int a = 10, b = 5;
if(a > b) {
printf("a is greater than b");
}
 8. List and explain logical operators in ‘C’.

Logical Operators:

1. &&: Logical AND (both conditions must be true)

2. ||: Logical OR (at least one condition must be true)
3. !: Logical NOT (negates the condition)

Example:

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int a = 10, b = 5;
if(a > 0 && b > 0) {
printf("Both are positive numbers");
}

9. Write a C program to print the following patterns:

112123123412345

•
•
o

Solution:

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#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int i, j;

// Print first pattern

for(i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
for(j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
printf("%d ", j);
}
printf("\\n");
}
 printf("\\n");

// Print second pattern

for(i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
for(j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
printf("* ");
}
printf("\\n");
}

return 0;
}

10. What are loops in C? Explain any one with examples.

Loops in C are used to repeat a block of code multiple times. Types of loops: for, while, do-
while.

Example of for loop:

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#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
for(int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
printf("This is line %d\\n", i);
}
return 0;
}

11. Write a program to print a series of numbers from 1 to 100 that are divisible by 5 and 7
both.

Solution:

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#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
printf("Numbers divisible by 5 and 7 between 1 to 100 are:\\n");
for(int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
if(i % 5 == 0 && i % 7 == 0) {
printf("%d ", i);
}
}
return 0;
}

12. Write a C Program to find the sum and average of elements in a given array.

Solution:

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#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int n, i;
float sum = 0, average;

printf("Enter the number of elements: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

int arr[n];
printf("Enter %d numbers:\\n", n);

for(i = 0; i < n; i++) {

scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
sum += arr[i];
}

average = sum / n;

printf("Sum = %.2f\\n", sum);

printf("Average = %.2f\\n", average);

return 0;
}

13. Write a C program to perform the addition of two 3x3 matrices.

Solution:

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#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
int a[3][3], b[3][3], sum[3][3], i, j;

printf("Enter elements of first 3x3 matrix:\\n");

for(i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);
}
}
 printf("Enter elements of second 3x3 matrix:\\n");
for(i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
scanf("%d", &b[i][j]);
}
}

for(i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

for(j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
sum[i][j] = a[i][j] + b[i][j];
}
}

printf("Resultant matrix after addition:\\n");

for(i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for(j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
printf("%d ", sum[i][j]);
}
printf("\\n");
}

return 0;
}

14. Explain the declaration and initialization of one-dimensional arrays in C with examples.

Solution:

Declaration: data_type array_name[size];

Example: int arr[5];

Initialization:

• At declaration: int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

• Using loops:

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for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
scanf("%d", &arr[i]);
}

15. Write a recursive function in C to find the factorial of any number.

Solution:

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#include <stdio.h>

int factorial(int n) {
if (n == 0)
return 1;
else
return n * factorial(n - 1);
}

int main() {
int num;
printf("Enter a number to find its factorial: ");
scanf("%d", &num);

int result = factorial(num);

printf("Factorial of %d = %d\\n", num, result);
return 0;
}

16. Write a C Program that defines a structure to store book (id, author, price) information
and display the same.

Solution:

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#include <stdio.h>

struct Book {
int id;
char author[50];
float price;
};

int main() {
struct Book b1;

printf("Enter book id: ");

scanf("%d", &b1.id);

printf("Enter book author: ");

scanf(" %[^\n]s", b1.author);

printf("Enter book price: ");

scanf("%f", &b1.price);

printf("\\nBook Details:\\n");
printf("ID: %d\\n", b1.id);
printf("Author: %s\\n", b1.author);
printf("Price: %.2f\\n", b1.price);

return 0;
}

17. What is the need for user-defined functions in C? Explain with an example.

Solution:
User-defined functions allow for better modularity, reusability, and readability in programs.

Example to find the maximum of two numbers:

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#include <stdio.h>

int findMax(int a, int b) {

if (a > b)
return a;
else
return b;
}

int main() {
int num1, num2, maximum;

printf("Enter two numbers: ");

scanf("%d %d", &num1, &num2);

maximum = findMax(num1, num2);

printf("The maximum of %d and %d is %d\\n", num1, num2, maximum);

return 0;
}