Date : 04-02-2025 STD 11 Science Physics Total Marks : 65

Laws of Motion

Section A

* Choose The Right Answer From The Given Options.[1 Marks Each] [13]

1. A cricket ball of mass 150g has an initial velocity u = (3^i + 4^j )m s −1

and a final
velocity v = −(3^
i + 4^
j )m s
−1
after being hit. The change in momentum (final
momentum-initial momentum) is (in kg m s1):
(A) zero

(B) −(0.45^i + 0.6^j )

(C) −(0.9^i + 1.2^j )

(D) −5(^i + ^j )
Ans. :
c. −(0.9^
i + 1.2^
j)

Explanation:
According to the problam, u = (3^
i + 4^
j )m s
−1
and v = −(3^
i + 4^
j )m s
−1
mass of the
ball = 150g = 0.15kg.
Chang in momentum will be
−→ → →
Δp = pf − pI

= mv⃗ − mu⃗

= mv
^ − mu
^

= (0.15)[−3i + 4j − (3^
i + 4^
j )]

= (0.15)[−6^
i − 8^
j]

= −[0.15 × 6^
i + 0.15 × 8^
j]

= −[0.9^
i + 1.2^
j]

−→
Hence, Δp = −[0.9^
i + 1.2^
j]

Page 1
2. A boy prevents fall of his book on the ground by pressing it against a vertical
wall. If weight of his book is 10kg and us of the wall is 0.2. Find the minimum
force needed by him in his attempt.
(A) 300N (B) 400N
(C) 500N (D) 600N
Ans. :
c. 500N
3. A neutron exerts a force on a proton which is:
(A) Electromagnetic.
(B) Nuclear.
(C) Gravitational.
(D) Weak.

Ans. :
b. Nuclear.
c. Gravitational.
Explanation:
The gravitational forces are due to their masses in addition to nuclear forces inside
the nucleus.

4. In an elevator moving vertically up with an acceleration 'g', the force exerted

on the floor by a passenger of mass M is:
(A) Mg (B) 1

2
Mg (C) zero (D) 2Mg
Ans. :
d. 2Mg
Explanation:
Force exerted by the passenger on floor
= R = M(g + a) = M(g + g) = 2Mg

5. Action and reaction:

(A) Act on two different objects.
(B) Have opposite directions.
(C) Have equal magnitude.
(D) Have zero resultant.

Ans. :
a. Act on two different objects.
b. Have opposite directions.
c. Have equal magnitude.

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 d. Have zero resultant.
Explanation:
Forces of action and reaction are equal and opposite, acting on different objects and
having zero resultant.

6. A body of mass m collides against a wall with the velocity v and rebounds with
the same speed. Its change of momentum is:
(A) 2mv (B) mv (C) -mv (D) zero

Ans. :
a. 2mv.
Explanation:
Change in momentum = m(v - u) = m(-v - v) = -2mv

7. A body with mass 5kg is acted upon by a force F = (−3^

i + 4^
j )N. If its initial
velocity at t = 0 is ^ ^
v = (6 i − 12 j )m s
−1
, the time at which it will just have a
velocity along the y-axis is:
(A) never (B) 10s (C) 2s (D) 15s
Ans. :
b. 10s
Explanation:
According to the problam, mass m = 5kg

Force which is acting uppon the block F⃗ = (−3^i + 4^j )N

Inital velocity at t = 0, ⃗ ⃗
u⃗ = (6i − 12j )m/s

⃗ ⃗ ⃗
4j 2
Retardation, a⃗ =
F 3i
= ( − + ) m/s
m 5 5

And when final veocity is along y-axis only, its x-componet must be zero.
We have to apply kinematic wquations seprately for x-component only. then we get
vx = ux + ax t

⃗
⃗ 3i
0 = 6i − t
5

5×6
t = = 10 s
3

8. Conservation of momentum in a collision between particles can be

understood from:
(A) Conservation of energy.
(B) Newton’s first law only.
(C) Newton’s second law only.
(D) Both Newton’s second and third law.

Ans. :
d. Both Newton’s second and third law.

Page 3
 Explanation:
→

i. By newton's second law

dp
⃗
= f ext
dt

As F⃗ext on law of conservation of momentam is zero.

⃗
i.e, f ext = 0

→
dp
= 0
dt

⇒ p⃗ is constant.
ii. By netton's third law action force is equal to reaction force in magnitude
but in opposite direction.
→
⃗ ⃗
∴ F1 2 = −F2 1(Fext = 0)

→ →
→ →
dp 12 - dp21

dt
=
dt
or dp12 = −dp21

→ →
dp12 + dp21 = 0.

9. A shell is fired from a cannon, it explodes in mid air, its total:

(A) Momentum increases.
(B) Momentum decreases.
(C) K.E. increases.
(D) K.E. decreases.

Ans. :
c. K.E. increases.
Explanation:
On explosion, K.E. increases, as chemical energy of explosives is converted into K.E.

10. If the running bus stop suddenly our feet stop due to friction which does not
allow relative motion between the feet and floor of the bus. But the rest of
the body continues to move forward due to:
(A) Momentum. (B) Force. (C) Inertia. (D) Impulse.

Ans. :
c. Inertia.
11. Who gave the idea that when a particle is moving with uniform velocity, there
is no need of any force, if frictional force is zero?
(A) Aristotle. (B) Newton. (C) Galileo. (D) Einstein.

Ans. :
c. Galileo.
12. A block of mass m is placed on a smooth inclined plane of inclination θ with
the horizontal. The force exerted by the plane on the block has a magnitude:
(A) mg cos θ (B) mg tan θ (C) mg/ cos θ

Page 4
 Ans. :
c. mg/ cos θ

13. A 7kg object is subjected to two forces (in Newton)

⃗
F1 = 20^
i + 30^
j and ⃗
F2 = 8^
i − 5^
j The magnitude of resulting acceleration in ms-2
will be:
(A) 5 (B) 4 (C) 3

Ans. :
c. 3
Explanation:

Resultant force, F⃗ = F⃗1 ⃗

+ F2

^ ^ ^ ^
= (20 i + 30 j ) + (8 i − 5 j )

F⃗ = 28^
i + 25^
j

−−− −−−−−
2 2
∴ F = √28 + 25

−−−−−− −− −−−−
= √784 + 625 = √1409 = 37.5N

F 37.5 −2
a = = = 5.3 ms
m 7

Section B

* Given Section consists of questions of 2 marks each. [4]

14. A car of mass 1000kg moving with a speed of 30ms-1 collides with the back of

a stationary lorry of mass 9000kg. (Fig.). Calculate the speed of the vehicles
immediately after the collision if they remain jammed together.

Ans. : Using conservation of momentum,

(1000 + 9000)v = 1000 × 30 + 9000 × 0 or
1000×30 −1 −1
V = m/s = 3ms .
10000

15. Derive the law of conservation of liner momentum from Newton's third law of
motion.

Ans. : According to third law, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. So,
if dP1 and dP2 are change in momentum of two masses m1 and m2 then
dP 1 dP 2
= −
dt dt

Since, F1 = -F2
d
∴ − (P1 + P2 ) = 0
dt

i.e., P1 + P2 = constant.

Section C

Page 5
 [12]
* Given Section consists of questions of 3 marks each.

16. A rocket with a lift-off mass 20,000kg is blasted upwards with an initial

acceleration of 5.0ms-2. Calculate the initial thrust (force) of the blast.

Ans. : Given:
Mass of the rocket, m = 20,000kg

Initial acceleration, a = 5m/s2

Acceleration due to gravity, g = 10m/s2

Using Newton’s second law of motion, the net force (thrust) acting on the rocket is given by
the relation:
(F - mg) = ma
F = m(g + a)

= (20000 × (10 + 5)) = (20000 × 15) = 3 × 105 N

17. A bob of mass 0.1kg hung from the ceiling of a room by a string 2m long is

set into oscillation. The speed of the bob at its mean position is 1ms-1 . What
is the trajectory of the bob if the string is cut when the bob is (a) at one of its
extreme positions, (b) at its mean position.
Ans. :
a. Vertically downward: At the extreme position, the velocity of the bob
becomes zero. If the string is cut at this moment, then the bob will fall
vertically on the ground.
b. Parabolic path: At the mean position, the velocity of the bob is 1m/s.
The direction of this velocity is tangential to the arc formed by the
oscillating bob. If the bob is cut at the mean position, then it will trace a
projectile path having the horizontal component of velocity only. Hence,
it will follow a parabolic path.
18. A constant retarding force of 50N is applied to a body of mass 20kg moving

initially with a speed of 15ms-1. How long does the body take to stop?
Ans. : Retarding force, F = –50N
Mass of the body, m = 20kg
Initial velocity of the body, u = 15m/s
Final velocity of the body, v = 0
Using Newton’s second law of motion, the acceleration (a) produced in the body can be
calculated as:
F = ma
–50 = 20 × a

Page 6
 −50 −2
∴ a = = −2.5ms
20

Using the first equation of motion, the time (t) taken by the body to come to rest can be
calculated as:
v = u + at
−u −15
∴ t = = = 6s
a −2.5

19. See Fig. 4.11. A mass of 4 kg rests on a horizontal plane. The plane is gradually
inclined until at an angle θ = 15° with the horizontal, the mass just begins to
slide. What is the coefficient of static friction between the block and the surface
?

Ans. : The forces acting on a block of mass m at rest on an inclined plane are (i)
the weight mg acting vertically downwards (ii) the normal force N of the plane on
the block, and (iii) the static frictional force f opposing the impending motion. In
s

equilibrium, the resultant of these forces must be zero. Resolving the weight mg
along the two directions shown, we have
mg sin θ = fs , mg cos θ = N

As θ increases, the self-adjusting frictional force fs increases until at θ = θmax , fs

achieves its maximum value, (f s ) max = μs N .

Therefore,
−1
tan θmax = μs or θmax = tan μs

When θ becomes just a little more than θ , there is a small net force on the block
max

and it begins to slide. Note that θ depends only on μ and is independent of the
max s

mass of the block.

For
∘
θmax = 15
∘
μs = tan 15

= 0.27

Section D

* Given Section consists of questions of 4 marks each. [16]

20. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to
(v).

Page 7
Force of Friction on Connected Bodies When bodies are in contact, there are
mutual contact forces satisfying the third law of motion. The component of
contact force normal to the surfaces in contact is called normal reaction. The
component parallel to the surfaces in contact is called friction

In the above figure, 8 kg and 6 kg are hanging

stationary from a rough pulley and are about to move. They are stationary
due to roughness of the pulley.
i. Which force is acting between pulley and rope?
a. Gravitational force
b. Tension force
c. Frictional force
d. Buoyant force
ii. The normal reaction acting on the system is
a. 8g
b. 6g
c. 2g
d. 4g
iii. The tension is more on side having mass of:
a. 8kg
b. 6kg
c. Same on both
d. Nothing can be said
iv. The force of friction acting on the rope is:
a. 20N
b. 30N
c. 40N
d. 50N
v. Coefficient of friction of the pulley is
a. 1

b. 1

c. 1

d. 1

Ans. :

Page 8
 i. (c) Frictional force
Explanation:
Frictional force acts between pulley and rope.
ii. (d) 4g
Explanation:
The reaction force is
R = T 1 + T 2 = (8 + 6)g = 14g
iii. (a) 8kg
Explanation:
As, tension, T = mg
⇒ T ∝ M

So, the side having 8 kg mass will have more tension.

iv. (a) 20N
Explanation:

Due to friction, tension at all points of the thread is not alike.

T1 - T2 = f
⇒ f = 8g - 6g = 2g
= 28N
v. (b) 1

Explanation:
As, UR = f = 20N
20 20 1
u = = =
R 14×10 7

21. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from (i) to
(v).
Momentum and Newton’s Second Law of Motion Momentum of a body is the
quantity of motion possessed by the body. It depends on the mass of the body
and the velocity with which it moves. When a bullet is fired by a gun, it can
easily pierce human tissue before coming to rest resulting in casualty. The
same bullet fired with moderate speed will not cause much damage. The
greater the change in momentum in a given time, the greater is the force

Page 9
that needs to be applied. The second law of motion refers to the general
situation, where there is a net external force rating on the body.
i. A satellite in force-free space sweeps stationary interplanetary dust at
a rate dM

dt
= dv, where M is the mass, v is the dt velocity of satellite and
a is a constant. What is the deceleration of the satellite?
a.
2
−2av

b.
2
−av

c. -av
2

d.
2
av

ii. A body of mass 5 kg is moving with velocity of v = (2^

i + 6^
j) ms-1 at t =
0s. After time t = 2s, velocity of body is (10^
i + 6^
j) ms-1, then change in
momentum of body is:
a. 40^
i kg − ms
−1

b. 20^
i kg − ms
−1

c. 30^
i kg − ms
−1

d. (50^
i + 30^
j ) Kg - ms
−1

iii. A cricket ball of mass 0.25kg with speed 10m/ s collides with a bat and
returns with same speed with in 0.01s. The force acted on bat is:
a. 25N
b. 50N
c. 250N
d. 500N
iv. A stationary bomb explodes into three pieces. One piece of 2 kg mass
moves with a velocity of 8 ms” 1 at right angles to the other piece of
mass 1 kg moving with a velocity of 12 ms -1 . If the mass of the third
piece is 0.5 kg, then its velocity is:
a. 10ms-1
b. 20ms-1
c. 30ms-1
d. AOms-1
v. A force of 10 N acts on a body of mass 0.5kg for 0.25s starting from
rest. What is its momentum now?
a. 0.25 N/ s
b. 2.5 N/ s
c. 0.5 N/ s
d. 0.75 N/ s
Ans. :
i. (d)
2
av

Explanation:
dq
Force, F =
dM 2
= υ[ ] = αυ
dt dt

2
F αυ
⇒ a = =
M M

ii. (a) 40^i kg − ms −1

Explanation:
Given, mass, m = 5 kg
Change in velocity, △υ = υf − υi

^ ^
= [(10 − 2) i + (6 − 6) j ]

Change in momentum

= m△υ = 5[8^
i]

^ −1
= 40 i kg − ms

iii. (d) 500N

Explanation:
Momentum, △p = 2mυ = 2 × 0.25 × 10 = 15kg-m/s

△p
Force, F = △t

5
= = 500N
0.01

iv. (d) AOms-1

Explanation:
Momentum of third piece,
−−−−−−
2 2
−−−−−−−−−−
2 2
p = √px + py = √(16) + (12)

= 20 kg − m/s

p 20
υ = = = 40m/s
m 0.5

v. (b) 0.75 N/s

Explanation:
Given, F = 10 N, vi = 0,

m = 0.5 kg, At = 0.25s

Change in momentum, Ap = pf - pt ...(i)

Also,△p = F. △t. . . . (ii)

 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
FM = pf - pi or 10 x 0.25 = pf -mvi
25 = pf — 0.5 x 0
⇒ pf = 2.5N/s

22. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from 1 to
5.
The first law refers to the simple case when the net external force on a body
is zero. The second law of motion refers to the general situation when there
is net external force acting on the body. It relates the net external force to
the acceleration of the body. These qualitative observations lead to the
second law of motion expressed by Newton as follow: The rate of change of
momentum of a body is directly proportional to the applied force and takes
place in the direction in which the force acts. Thus, if under the action of a
force F for time interval △t, the velocity of a body of mass m changes from v
to v + △v, i.e. its initial momentum p = m v changes by △p = m△v. According
to the Second Law or Where k is a constant of proportionality.
△p △P
Fα F = k
△t △t

Mathematically, F = ma, the unit of force is kg-m/s2 or Newton, which has the
symbol N. Let us note at this stage some important points about the second
law:
In the second law, F = 0 implies a = 0. The second law is obviously
consistent with the first law.
The second law of motion is a vector law.
The second law of motion given by is applicable to a single point
particle as well as to the rigid body but internal forces is not
considered in F.
The second law of motion is a local relation which means that force F
at a point in space (location of the particle) at a certain instant of time
is related to a at that point at that instant.
i. SI unit of force is:
a. Newton
b. Pascal
c. m/s
d. None of the above
ii. According to second law of motion The rate of change of momentum
of a body is directly proportional to
a. Velocity of body
b. Applied force
c. Only mass of body
 d. None of the above.
iii. The second law of motion is:
a. Vector law
b. Scalar law
iv. State second law of motion.
v. Write a note on 2nd law of motion. Enlist some deductions from
2nd law.
Ans. :
i. (a) Newton
ii. (b) Applied force
iii. (a) Vector law
iv. The second law of motion is quantitative expression of force and it
states that the rate of change of momentum of an object is proportional
to the applied unbalanced force in the direction of force.
Mathematically, F = ma, the unit of force is kg-m/s2 or Newton.
v. The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to
the applied force and takes place in the direction in which the force acts.
Thus, if under the action of a force F for time interval △t, the velocity of
a body of mass m changes from v to v + △v, i.e. its initial momentum
p = m v changes by △p = m△v. According to the Second Law
△p
or
△P
Fα F = k
△t △t

Where k is a constant of proportionality. Mathematically,

F = ma, the unit of force is kg-m/s2 or Newton, which has the symbol N. Let us note at
this stage some important points about the second law:

In the second law, F = 0 implies a = 0. The second law is obviously

consistent with the first law.
The second law of motion is a vector law.
The second law of motion given by is applicable to a single point
particle as well as to the rigid body but internal forces is not
considered in F.
The second law of motion is a local relation which means that force
F at a point in space (location of the particle) at a certain instant of
time is related to a at that point at that instant.
23. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from 1 to
5.
Momentum of a body is defined to be the product of its mass m and velocity
v, and is denoted By p: p = m v Momentum is clearly a vector quantity. SI unit
is kg m/s. The following common experiences indicate the importance of this
quantity for considering the effect of force on motion. Suppose a light-weight
vehicle (say a small car) and a heavy weight vehicle (say a loaded truck) is
parked on a horizontal road. We all know that a much greater force is needed
to push the truck than the car to bring them to the same speed in same time.
Similarly, a greater opposing force is needed to stop a heavy body than a
light body in the same time, if they are moving with the same speed.
If two stones, one light and the other heavy, are dropped from the top
of a building, a person on the ground will find it easier to catch the
light stone than the heavy stone. The mass of a body is thus an
important parameter that determines the effect of force on its
motion.
Speed is another important parameter to consider. A bullet fired by a
gun can easily pierce human tissue before it stops, resulting in
casualty. The same bullet fired with moderate speed will not cause
much damage. Thus for a given mass, the greater the speed, the
greater is the opposing force needed to stop the body in a certain
time. Taken together, the product of mass and velocity, that is
momentum, is evidently a relevant variable of motion. The greater
the change in the momentum in a given time, the greater is the force
that needs to be applied.
i. SI unit of momentum is:
a. Kgm/s
b. Kgm/s2
c. m/s2
d. None of these
ii. Momentum is:
a. Scalar quantity
b. Vector quantity
iii. Define momentum. Give its SI unit.
iv. Explain with example how mass of body is important for determining
effect of force on its motion?
v. Explain with example how speed is important for determining effect of
force on its motion?
Ans. :
i. (a) Kgm/s
ii. (b) Vector quantity
 iii. Momentum of a body is defined to be the product of its mass m and
velocity v, and is denoted By p:
P=mv
Momentum is clearly a vector quantity. SI unit is kg m/s.
iv. If two stones, one light and the other heavy, are dropped from the top of
a building, a person on the ground will find it easier to catch the light
stone than the heavy stone. The mass of a body is thus an important
parameter that determines the effect of force on its motion.
v. Speed is important parameter to consider. A bullet fired by a gun can
easily pierce human tissue before it stops, resulting in casualty. The
same bullet fired with moderate speed will not cause much damage.
Thus for a given mass, the greater the speed, the greater is the
opposing force needed to stop the body in a certain time.

Section E

* Given Section consists of questions of 5 marks each. [20]

24. A constant force acting on a body of mass 3.0kg changes its speed from

2.0ms-1 to 3.5ms-1 in 25s. The direction of the motion of the body remains
unchanged. What is the magnitude and direction of the force?
Ans. : Mass of the body, m = 3kg
Initial speed of the body, u = 2m/s
Final speed of the body, v = 3.5m/s
Time, t = 25s
Using the first equation of motion, the acceleration (a) produced in the body can be
calculated as:
v = u + at
(v-u)
∴ a =
t

(3.5−2)
−2
= = 0.06ms
25

As per Newton’s second law of motion, force is given as:

F = ma
= 3 × 0.06 = 0.18N
Since the application of force does not change the direction of the body, the net force
acting on the body is in the direction of its motion.

25. A shell of mass 0.020kg is fired by a gun of mass 100kg. If the muzzle speed

of the shell is 80ms-1, what is the recoil speed of the gun?

 Ans. : Mass of the gun, M= 100kg
Mass of the shell, m = 0.020kg
Muzzle speed of the shell, v = 80 m/s
Recoil speed of the gun = V
Both the gun and the shell are at rest initially.
Initial momentum of the system = 0
Final momentum of the system = mv - MV
Here, the negative sign appears because the directions of the shell and the gun are
opposite to each other.
According to the law of conservation of momentum:
Final momentum = Initial momentum
mv - MV = 0
mv
∴ V =
M

0.020×80
=
100×1000

= 0.016m/s

26. A stone of mass 0.25kg tied to the end of a string is whirled round in a circle
of radius 1.5m with a speed of 40 rev./min in a horizontal plane. What is the
tension in the string? What is the maximum speed with which the stone can
be whirled around if the string can withstand a maximum tension of 200N?
Ans. : Given:
Mass of the stone, m = 0.25kg
Radius of the circle, r = 1.5m
Number of revolution per second, n = 40

60
=
2

3
rps

Angular velocity, ω = v

r
= 2πn . . . (i)

The centripetal force for the stone is provided by the tension T, in the string, i.e.
T = Fcentripetel
2
mv 2 2
= = mrω = mr(2πn)
r

2
2
= 0.25 × 1.5 × (2 × 3.14 × )
3

= 6.57N

Maximum tension in the string, T max = 200N

2
√mv max
Tmax =
r

√Tmax x r
Therefore, v = m

√200×1.5
=
0.25
−−−−
= √1200 = 34.64m/s

Therefore, the maximum speed of the stone is 34.64m/s.

27. A body of mass 0.40kg moving initially with a constant speed of 10ms-1 to the

north is subject to a constant force of 8.0 N directed towards the south for
30s. Take the instant the force is applied to be t = 0, the position of the body
at that time to be x = 0, and predict its position at t = –5s, 25s, 100s.
Ans. : Mass of the body, m = 0.40kg
Initial speed of the body, u = 10m/s due north
Force acting on the body, F = -8.0N
Acceleration produced in the body, a = F −8.0 −2
= = −20ms
m 0.40

i. At t = -5s
Acceleration, a‘ = 0 and u = 10m/s
1 2
s = ut + a' t
2

= 10 × (-5) = -50m
ii. At t = 25s
Acceleration, a” = -20m/s2 and u = 10m/s
′ ′ 1 2
s = ut + a'' t
2

1 2
= 10 × 25 + × −20 × (25)
2

= 250 - 6250 = -6000m

iii. At t = 100s
For 0 < t ≤ 30s

a = -20ms-2
u = 10m/s
1 2
s1 = ut + a " t
2

1 2
= 10 × 30 + × −20 × (30)
2

= 300 - 9000 = -8700m

For 30 < t ≤ 100s

As per the first equation of motion, for t = 30s, final velocity is given as:
v = u + at
= 10 + (-20) × 30 = -590m/s
Velocity of the body after 30s = -590m/s
For motion between 30s to 100s, i.e., in 70s:
1 2
s2 = vt + a " t
2

= -590 × 70 = -41300m
∴ Total distance, s” = s1 + s2 = -8700 - 41300 = -50000m = -50km.

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