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The document discusses population change and growth through absolute numbers and percentage changes, highlighting three main processes: birth rates, death rates, and migration. It also covers age composition, sex ratio, literacy rates, and occupational structure, categorizing the population into children, working age, and aged groups, while defining occupations as primary, secondary, and tertiary. Additionally, it notes India's literacy rate as 73% according to the 2011 census.

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2 views

wadaw

The document discusses population change and growth through absolute numbers and percentage changes, highlighting three main processes: birth rates, death rates, and migration. It also covers age composition, sex ratio, literacy rates, and occupational structure, categorizing the population into children, working age, and aged groups, while defining occupations as primary, secondary, and tertiary. Additionally, it notes India's literacy rate as 73% according to the 2011 census.

Uploaded by

ar4sh.01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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time.

This change can be expressed in 2 ways:

In terms of absolute numbers: The absolute numbers are obtained by subtracting the
earlier population (e.g. that of 2001) from the later population (e.g. that of
2011).
In terms of percentage change per year: It is studied in percent per annum, e.g. a
rate of increase of 2 per cent per annum means that in a given year, there was an
increase of two persons for every 100 persons in the base population. This is
referred to as the annual growth rate.
Processes of Population Change/Growth
Three main processes of change of population are:

1) Birth rates: The birth rate is the number of live births per thousand persons in
a year. In India, birth rates have always been higher than death rates.

2) Death rates: The death rate is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a
year.

3) Migration: Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories.


Migration can be internal (within the country) or international (between the
countries). It influences the distribution of the population within the nation. In
India, rural-urban migration has resulted in a steady increase in the percentage of
the population in cities and towns.

Age Composition
The age composition of a population refers to the number of people in different age
groups in a country. The population of a nation is grouped into 3 broad categories:

1) Children (generally below 15 years): They are economically unproductive and need
to be provided with food, clothing, education and medical care.

2) Working Age (15–59 years): They are economically productive and biologically
reproductive. They comprise the working population.

3) Aged (Above 59 years): They may be working voluntarily, but they are not
available for employment through recruitment.

Sex Ratio
It is defined as the number of females per 1000 males in the population. Sex Ratio
is an important social indicator to measure the extent of equality between males
and females in a society at a given time.

Literacy Rates
According to the Census 2011, a person aged 7 years and above, who can read and
write with understanding in any language, is treated as literate. India’s literacy
rate is 73%, as per the census of 2011.

Occupational Structure
The distribution of the population according to different types of occupation is
referred to as the occupational structure. Occupations are classified as:

Primary: Primary activities include agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry,


fishing, mining and quarrying, etc
Secondary: Secondary activities include the manufacturing industry, building and
construction work, etc.
Tertiary: Tertiary activities include transport, communications, commerce,
administration and other services.
Health

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