Question ID e0bd4f8a

Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: e0bd4f8a
In 1942, the 1,500-mile Alaska Highway was constructed in under nine months, largely due to the skilled work of nearly
4,000 African American soldiers from US Army engineering regiments. The soldiers’ contribution was overlooked for
decades. ______ in 2017, lawmakers declared October 25 a day of recognition—“Alaska Highway Day”—for the troops who
helped build this critical roadway.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Lastly,

B. Then,

C. Similarly,

D. For example,

ID: e0bd4f8a Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is the best answer. "Then" logically signals that the event described in this sentence—lawmakers’ 2017
declaration of Alaska Highway Day—is part of a chronological sequence of events, occurring after the decades-long
period in which the soldiers’ contribution was overlooked.

Choice A is incorrect because "lastly" illogically signals that this sentence presents the last of a series of points or
reasons. Instead, it describes a later event occurring in a chronological sequence of events. Choice C is incorrect
because "similarly" illogically signals that the information in this sentence is similar to the previous information about the
soldiers’ contribution being overlooked for decades. Instead, it describes an event occurring after that decades-long
period. Choice D is incorrect because "for example" illogically signals that this sentence provides an example illustrating
the previous information about the soldiers’ contribution being overlooked for decades. Instead, it describes an event
occurring after that decades-long period.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 660d50dc
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 660d50dc
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor was a prominent classical music composer from England who toured the US three times in the
early 1900s. The child of a West African father and an English mother, Coleridge-Taylor emphasized his mixed-race
ancestry. For example, he referred to himself as Anglo-African. ______ he incorporated the sounds of traditional African
music into his classical music compositions.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. In addition,

B. Actually,

C. However,

D. Regardless,

ID: 660d50dc Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is the best answer. “In addition” logically signals that the detail in this sentence—that Coleridge-Taylor included
traditional African music in his classical compositions—adds to the information in the previous sentence. Specifically, the
previous sentence indicates one way in which Coleridge-Taylor emphasized his mixed-race ancestry, and the claim that
follows indicates a second, additional way.

Choice B is incorrect because “actually” illogically signals that the detail in this sentence is surprising in light of the
information in the previous sentence. Instead, the detail adds to the information, indicating a second, additional way in
which Coleridge-Taylor emphasized his mixed-race ancestry. Choice C is incorrect because “however” illogically signals
that the detail in this sentence contrasts with the information in the previous sentence. Instead, the detail adds to the
information, indicating a second, additional way in which Coleridge-Taylor emphasized his mixed-race ancestry. Choice D
is incorrect because “regardless” illogically signals that the detail in this sentence is true despite the information in the
previous sentence. Instead, the detail adds to the information, indicating a second, additional way in which Coleridge-
Taylor emphasized his mixed-race ancestry.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID c78620ba
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: c78620ba
In 1968, US Congressman John Conyers introduced a bill to establish a national holiday in honor of Dr. Martin Luther King
Jr. The bill didn’t make it to a vote, but Conyers was determined. He teamed up with Shirley Chisholm, the first Black
woman to be elected to Congress, and they resubmitted the bill every session for the next fifteen years. ______ in 1983,
the bill passed.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Instead,

B. Likewise,

C. Finally,

D. Additionally,

ID: c78620ba Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale
Choice C is the best answer. “Finally” logically signals that the bill passing—following many attempts between 1968 and
1983—is the final, concluding event in the sequence described in the previous sentences.

Choice A is incorrect because “instead” illogically signals that the bill passing is an alternative to one of the events
described in the previous sentences. Instead, it is the final event in the sequence. Choice B is incorrect because
“likewise” illogically signals that the bill passing is similar to one of the events described in the previous sentences.
Instead, it is the final event in the sequence. Choice D is incorrect because “additionally” illogically signals that the bill
passing is merely another event described along with the events of the previous sentences. Instead, it is the final,
concluding event in the sequence.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 20733eac
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 20733eac
It has long been thought that humans first crossed a land bridge into the Americas approximately 13,000 years ago.
______ based on radiocarbon dating of samples uncovered in Mexico, a research team recently suggested that humans
may have arrived more than 30,000 years ago—much earlier than previously thought.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. As a result,

B. Similarly,

C. However,

D. In conclusion,

ID: 20733eac Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale
Choice C is the best answer. “However” logically signals that the theory discussed in this sentence—that humans may
have arrived in the Americas over 30,000 years ago—contrasts with the previously discussed theory that humans arrived
around 13,000 years ago.

Choice A is incorrect because “as a result” illogically signals that the theory in this sentence is the result of the theory
discussed in the previous sentence. Instead, this theory contrasts with the previous one. Choice B is incorrect because
“similarly” illogically signals that the theory in this sentence is similar to the theory discussed in the previous sentence.
Instead, this theory contrasts with the previous one. Choice D is incorrect because “in conclusion” illogically signals that
the theory in this sentence concludes or summarizes the discussion of the previous theory. Instead, this theory contrasts
with the previous one.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID f07570bb
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: f07570bb
Researchers believe that pieces of hull found off Oregon’s coast are from a Spanish cargo ship that was lost in 1697.
Stories passed down among the area’s Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians support this belief. ______ Siletz stories
describe how blocks of beeswax, an item the ship had been carrying, began washing ashore after the ship was lost.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. For this reason,

B. For example,

C. However,

D. Likewise,

ID: f07570bb Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is the best answer. “For example” logically signals that the Siletz beeswax stories mentioned in this sentence
are examples consistent with the previous claim that Siletz stories support the shipwreck theory.

Choice A is incorrect because “for this reason” illogically signals that the Siletz stories about the beeswax were caused
by the previous claim that Siletz stories support the shipwreck theory. Instead, the beeswax stories are examples
consistent with the claim. Choice C is incorrect because “however” illogically signals that the Siletz stories about the
beeswax contrast with the previous claim that Siletz stories support the shipwreck theory. Instead, the beeswax stories
are examples consistent with the claim. Choice D is incorrect because “likewise” illogically signals that the Siletz stories
about the beeswax are similar to the previous claim that Siletz stories support the shipwreck theory. Instead, the
beeswax stories are examples consistent with the claim.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 92fe0ed7
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 92fe0ed7
Geoscientists have long considered Hawaii’s Mauna Loa volcano to be Earth’s largest shield volcano by volume,
measuring approximately 74,000 cubic kilometers. ______ according to a 2020 study by local geoscientist Michael Garcia,
Hawaii’s Pūhāhonu shield volcano is significantly larger, boasting a volume of about 148,000 cubic kilometers.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Secondly,

B. Consequently,

C. Moreover,

D. However,

ID: 92fe0ed7 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is the best answer. “However” logically signals that this sentence, which indicates that the Pūhāhonu volcano
may be larger than the Mauna Loa volcano, offers a contrast to or refutation of the previous assumption that Mauna Loa
is the largest shield volcano.

Choice A is incorrect because “secondly” illogically signals that this sentence merely offers an additional or secondary
point concerning the previous assumption that Mauna Loa is the largest shield volcano. Instead, the sentence offers a
contrast to or refutation of that assumption. Choice B is incorrect because “consequently” illogically signals that this
sentence offers a result or consequence of the previous assumption that Mauna Loa is the largest shield volcano.
Instead, the sentence offers a contrast to or refutation of that assumption. Choice C is incorrect because “moreover”
illogically signals that this sentence merely adds to the previous assumption that Mauna Loa is the largest shield
volcano. Instead, the sentence offers a contrast to or refutation of that assumption.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 01c8c433
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 01c8c433
Before the 1847 introduction of the US postage stamp, the cost of postage was usually paid by the recipient of a letter
rather than the sender, and recipients were not always able or willing to pay promptly. ______ collecting this fee could be
slow and arduous, and heaps of unpaid-for, undeliverable mail piled up in post offices.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Regardless,

B. On the contrary,

C. Consequently,

D. For example,

ID: 01c8c433 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale
Choice C is the best answer. “Consequently” logically signals that the postal problems described in this sentence (slow
fee collection, heaps of undeliverable mail) were a consequence of the fee system described in the previous sentence.

Choice A is incorrect because “regardless” illogically signals that the postal problems described in this sentence
occurred despite the fee system described in the previous sentence. Instead, they were a consequence of that system.
Choice B is incorrect because “on the contrary” illogically signals that the postal problems described in this sentence
contrast with the fee system described in the previous sentence. Instead, they were a consequence of that system.
Choice D is incorrect because “for example” illogically signals that the postal problems described in this sentence are an
example of the fee system described in the previous sentence. Instead, they were a consequence of that system.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID db8fe023
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: db8fe023
A potter choosing which type of clay to use for a piece considers two key factors: the desired look of the piece and its
intended use. ______ earthenware clay is often used for decorative pieces because of its rustic look. This type of clay is
not often used in industrial settings, though, because it is less durable than other clays.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. In other words,

B. Regardless,

C. In conclusion,

D. For example,

ID: db8fe023 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is the best answer. The previous sentence tells us that potters think about the look and use of a piece when
selecting clay. This sentence provides a specific example of a type of clay selected for its appearance, so the transition
"for example" fits perfectly.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates a restatement of the same idea. But this sentence does
more than just restate the previous idea. Instead, it provides a more specific example of the idea presented in the first
sentence. Choice B is incorrect. This choice uses a disagreement transition. But this sentence actually agrees with the
previous sentence. Both sentences suggest that desired look plays a role in the selection of clay types for pottery pieces.
Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a concluding transition. But this sentence doesn’t sum up the previous sentence.
Instead, it gives a specific example of the idea presented in the previous sentence.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 04ad68ca
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 04ad68ca
In Gothic architecture, flying buttresses are large arches that help support a building’s exterior walls. Before the Gothic
era, cathedrals’ heavy ceilings had to be supported by thick, short walls, but the invention of flying buttresses eliminated
this need. ______ Gothic cathedrals could be built with thinner, higher walls.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Similarly,

B. For instance,

C. Nevertheless,

D. As a result,

ID: 04ad68ca Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is the best answer. “As a result” logically signals that the thinner, higher walls in this sentence were a result of
the invention of flying buttresses in the previous sentence.

Choice A is incorrect because “similarly” illogically signals that the thinner, higher walls in this sentence are similar to the
invention of flying buttresses in the previous sentence. Instead, the walls were a result of that invention. Choice B is
incorrect because “for instance” illogically signals that the thinner, higher walls in this sentence are an example
supporting the statement about the invention of flying buttresses in the previous sentence. Instead, the walls were a
result of that invention. Choice C is incorrect because “nevertheless” illogically signals that the thinner, higher walls in
this sentence occurred despite the invention of flying buttresses in the previous sentence. Instead, the walls were a result
of that invention.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID fc2bcc79
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: fc2bcc79
Tyrian purple was a highly prized dye among the Phoenicians (an ancient civilization located in present-day Lebanon).
The Phoenicians were famous for using this natural dye to color their clothes a distinctive purple. ______ the name
“Phoenicia” itself, some historians claim, may have originally meant “land of purple.”

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. In fact,

B. Regardless,

C. Lastly,

D. On the contrary,

ID: fc2bcc79 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is the best answer. “In fact” logically signals that the claim in this sentence—Phoenicia being named after the
color purple—emphasizes and supports the previous claim that Phoenicians were famous for using purple dye.

Choice B is incorrect because “regardless” illogically signals that the claim about Phoenicia’s name contrasts with the
previous claim that Phoenicians were famous for using purple dye. Instead, the naming emphasizes and supports this
claim. Choice C is incorrect because “lastly” illogically signals that the claim about Phoenicia’s name is the final step in a
process or sequence. Instead, the naming emphasizes and supports the previous claim that Phoenicians were famous
for using purple dye. Choice D is incorrect because “on the contrary” illogically signals that the claim about Phoenicia’s
name directly opposes the previous claim that Phoenicians were famous for using purple dye. Instead, the naming
emphasizes and supports this claim.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID f735493e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: f735493e
Celebrated Tewa potter Maria Martinez (1887–1980) made her signature all-black ceramic vessels using a heating
technique called reduction firing. This technique involves smothering the flame surrounding the clay vessel. ______ the
vessel takes on a shiny, black hue.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. On the contrary,

B. For example,

C. Previously,

D. As a result,

ID: f735493e Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is the best answer. "As a result" logically signals that the information in this sentence—the vessel turning black
—is a result of the heating technique discussed in the previous sentence.

Choice A is incorrect because "on the contrary" illogically signals that the information in this sentence directly opposes
the heating technique in the previous sentence. Instead, the vessel turns black as a result of that technique. Choice B is
incorrect because "for example" illogically signals that the information in this sentence is an example of the heating
technique in the previous sentence. Instead, the vessel turns black as a result of that technique. Choice C is incorrect
because "previously" illogically signals that the information in this sentence occurs earlier in a chronological series of
events than does the heating technique discussed in the first two sentences. Instead, the vessel turns black as a result of
that technique.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 57bcd0d6
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 57bcd0d6
Etched into Peru’s Nazca Desert are line drawings so large that they can only be fully seen from high above.
Archaeologists have known of the lines since the 1920s, when a researcher spotted some from a nearby foothill, and they
have been studying the markings ever since. ______ archaeologists’ efforts are aided by drones that capture high-
resolution aerial photographs of the lines.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Currently,

B. In comparison,

C. Still,

D. However,

ID: 57bcd0d6 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is the best answer. “Currently” logically signals that the archaeologists’ use of drones (a current technology) to
photograph the lines is the present-day continuation of the ongoing archaeological research described in the previous
sentence.

Choice B is incorrect because “in comparison” illogically signals that the action described in this sentence offers a
comparison to the ongoing archaeological research described in the previous sentence. Instead, the use of drones is the
present-day continuation of that research. Choice C is incorrect because “still” illogically signals that the action described
in this sentence occurs despite the ongoing archaeological research described in the previous sentence. Instead, the use
of drones is the present-day continuation of that research. Choice D is incorrect because “however” illogically signals that
the action described in this sentence occurs either despite or in contrast to the ongoing archaeological research
described in the previous sentence. Instead, the use of drones is the present-day continuation of that research.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 827afb27
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 827afb27
Most conifers (trees belonging to the phylum Coniferophyta) are evergreen. That is, they keep their green leaves or
needles year-round. However, not all conifer species are evergreen. Larch trees, ______ lose their needles every fall.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. for instance,

B. nevertheless,

C. meanwhile,

D. in addition,

ID: 827afb27 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is the best answer. “For instance” logically signals that the information in this sentence—that larch trees lose
their needles every fall—is an example supporting the claim in the previous sentence (that not all conifer species keep
their leaves or needles year-round).

Choice B is incorrect because “nevertheless” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is true in spite of the
claim about conifer species in the previous sentence. Instead, it’s an example supporting that claim. Choice C is incorrect
because “meanwhile” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is separate from (while occurring
simultaneously with) the claim about conifer species in the previous sentence. Instead, it’s an example supporting that
claim. Choice D is incorrect because “in addition” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is merely an
additional fact related to the claim about conifer species in the previous sentence. Instead, it’s an example supporting
that claim.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID a773f069
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: a773f069
Small, flat structures called spatulae are found at the tips of the hairs on a spider’s leg. These spatulae temporarily bond
with the atoms of whatever they touch. ______ spiders are able to cling to and climb almost any surface.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. For instance,

B. However,

C. Similarly,

D. As a result,

ID: a773f069 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is the best answer. “As a result” logically signals that the claim in this sentence—that spiders can cling to and
climb almost any surface—is because of the previous information about the bonding properties of spiders’ spatulae.

Choice A is incorrect because “for instance” illogically signals that the claim in this sentence exemplifies the information
in the previous sentences. Instead, the claim is because of the previous information about the bonding properties of
spiders’ spatulae. Choice B is incorrect because “however” illogically signals that the claim in this sentence contrasts
with the information in the previous sentences. Instead, the claim is because of the previous information about the
bonding properties of spiders’ spatulae. Choice C is incorrect because “similarly” illogically signals that the claim in this
sentence is similar to, but separate from, the information in the previous sentences. Instead, the claim is because of the
previous information about the bonding properties of spiders’ spatulae.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 1b219d14
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 1b219d14
As a young historian in the 1950s, Alixa Naff began interviewing fellow Arab American immigrants about their
experiences straddling two cultures. Over the next few decades, Naff conducted more than 450 such interviews, also
known as oral histories. ______ she collected photographs and other artifacts that represented her subjects’ experiences.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. In other words,

B. On the contrary,

C. In addition,

D. Today,

ID: 1b219d14 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale
Choice C is the best answer. "In addition" logically signals that Naff’s artifact collecting was separate from, and in
addition to, her interviewing.

Choice A is incorrect because "in other words" illogically signals that the information about Naff’s artifact collecting
restates the previous information about her interviewing. Instead, Naff collected artifacts in addition to conducting
interviews. Choice B is incorrect because "on the contrary" illogically signals that Naff’s artifact collecting was contrary to
her interviewing. Instead, Naff collected artifacts in addition to conducting interviews. Choice D is incorrect because
"today" illogically signals that Naff’s artifact collecting is occurring in the present day. Instead, this activity occurred in the
past, as indicated by the past tense verb "collected."

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 6a5939c2
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 6a5939c2
Paleontologists once thought that early apes lived in tropical forests, but recent research suggests that they may have
actually lived in savannas. Tropical forests are humid and have many trees spaced close together. ______ savannas are
drier, and their trees are spaced further apart.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. For instance,

B. In comparison,

C. Firstly,

D. In conclusion,

ID: 6a5939c2 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is the best answer. "In comparison" logically signals that the description of savannas in this sentence—that they
are drier and their trees are spaced further apart—forms a comparison with the description of tropical forests in the
previous sentence.

Choice A is incorrect because "for instance" illogically signals that the description of savannas in this sentence
exemplifies the description of tropical forests in the previous sentence. Instead, this description forms a comparison with
the description of tropical forests. Choice C is incorrect because "firstly" illogically signals that the description of
savannas in this sentence indicates the first in a series of things. Instead, this description forms a comparison with the
description of tropical forests in the previous sentence. Choice D is incorrect because "in conclusion" illogically signals
that the description of savannas in this sentence concludes or summarizes information in the previous sentences.
Instead, this description forms a comparison with the description of tropical forests in the previous sentence.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 0d3ebdce
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 0d3ebdce
Neuroscientist Karen Konkoly wanted to determine whether individuals can understand and respond to questions during
REM sleep. She first taught volunteers eye movements they would use to respond to basic math problems while asleep
(a single left-right eye movement indicated the number one). ______ she attached electrodes to the volunteers’ faces to
record their eye movements during sleep.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Specifically,

B. Next,

C. For instance,

D. In sum,

ID: 0d3ebdce Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is the best answer. “Next” logically signals that the action described in this sentence—Konkoly recording
participants’ eye movements—is the next step in Konkoly’s experiment.

Choice A is incorrect because “specifically” illogically signals that this sentence specifies or elaborates on an aspect of
the action described in the previous sentence. Instead, it describes the next step in Konkoly’s experiment. Choice C is
incorrect because “for instance” illogically signals that the action described in this sentence is an example of the action
described in the previous sentence. Instead, it is the next step in Konkoly’s experiment. Choice D is incorrect because “in
sum” illogically signals that this sentence summarizes or concludes the action described in the previous sentence.
Instead, it describes the next step in Konkoly’s experiment.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 47547d07
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 47547d07
In June, female loggerhead sea turtles will swim back to the sandy beaches where they were born to lay eggs of their
own. First, the turtle will dig her nest in the sand. ______ she will lay up to 100 eggs in the nest. Finally, she will cover it all
with sand, before returning to the ocean.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. By contrast,

B. Similarly,

C. Next,

D. For example,

ID: 47547d07 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale
Choice C is the best answer. “Next” logically signals that the egg laying in this sentence is the next step in the sequence
of events described in the other sentences.

Choice A is incorrect because “by contrast” illogically signals that the egg laying in this sentence contrasts with the nest
digging in the previous sentence. Instead, the egg laying follows the nest digging as the next step in the sequence of
events. Choice B is incorrect because “similarly” illogically signals that the egg laying in this sentence is similar to the
nest digging in the previous sentence. Though the two actions are related, they are not similar. Instead, the egg laying
follows the nest digging as the next step in the sequence of events. Choice D is incorrect because “for example”
illogically signals that the egg laying in this sentence is an example of the nest digging in the previous sentence. Instead,
the egg laying follows the nest digging as the next step in the sequence of events.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 7f20374f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 7f20374f
The 435 state districts in the US House of Representatives are designed to be roughly equal in population. These districts
average around 760,000 people in size. However, only about 730,000 people live in the state of Alaska. ______ Alaska has
just one House district, encompassing the entire state.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. As a result,

B. Instead,

C. Finally,

D. For instance,

ID: 7f20374f Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is the best answer. "As a result" logically signals that the information in the sentence—that, in the US House of
Representatives, the entire state of Alaska has just one district—is the result or consequence of Alaska having only about
730,000 people. This is slightly below the average for House districts, which are designed to have roughly equal
populations.

Choice B is incorrect because "instead" illogically signals that Alaska having just one state district is an alternative to the
information about the state’s population in the previous sentence. Rather, the fact that Alaska has just one district is a
result or consequence of the entire state having slightly fewer people than an average-sized district. Choice C is incorrect
because "finally" illogically signals that the information in this sentence about Alaska having just one district indicates a
last step in a process or a concluding summary. Instead, the fact that Alaska has just one district is a result or
consequence of the entire state having slightly fewer people than an average-sized district. Choice D is incorrect because
"for instance" illogically signals that the information in this sentence about Alaska having just one district exemplifies the
information about the state’s population in the previous sentence. Instead, the fact that Alaska has just one district is a
result or consequence of the entire state having slightly fewer people than an average-sized district.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 9d4f331c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 9d4f331c
When sculptor Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi was designing the Statue of Liberty, he sought the advice of engineer Gustave
Eiffel. Eiffel suggested that he make the statue’s arm thick and position it straight above the figure’s head. ______
Bartholdi decided to slim the arm and tilt it out at an angle.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Additionally,

B. Instead,

C. Thus,

D. For example,

ID: 9d4f331c Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is the best answer. "Instead" logically signals that the information in this sentence—that Bartholdi decided to
slim and tilt out the arm of the Statue of Liberty—contrasts with Eiffel’s design suggestions for the statue.

Choice A is incorrect because "additionally" illogically suggests that the information in this sentence is merely an
additional fact related to Eiffel’s design suggestions in the previous sentence. Instead, it contrasts with those
suggestions. Choice C is incorrect because "thus" illogically signals that the information that follows is a result of Eiffel’s
design suggestions in the previous sentence. Instead, it contrasts with those suggestions. Choice D is incorrect because
"for example" illogically signals that the information about Bartholdi’s design decisions in this sentence exemplifies
Eiffel’s design suggestions in the previous sentence. Instead, it contrasts with those suggestions.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 6081831f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 6081831f
When Chinese director Chloé Zhao accepted the Oscar in 2021 for her film Nomadland, she made Academy Award
history. ______ only one other woman, Kathryn Bigelow of the United States, had been named best director at the Oscars,
making Zhao the second woman and the first Asian woman to win the award.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. As a result,

B. Previously,

C. However,

D. Likewise,

ID: 6081831f Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is the best answer. “Previously” logically signals that the event described in this sentence—Bigelow being
named best director—occurred before Zhao’s win. The fact that only one other woman had won the award before puts
Zhao’s win in perspective.

Choice A is incorrect because “as a result” illogically signals that the event described in this sentence occurred as a
result or consequence of Zhao’s win. Instead, it occurred before Zhao was named best director and puts Zhao’s win in
perspective. Choice C is incorrect because “however” illogically signals that the event described in this sentence
occurred in spite of or in contrast to Zhao’s win. Instead, it occurred before Zhao was named best director and puts
Zhao’s win in perspective. Choice D is incorrect because “likewise” illogically signals that this sentence merely adds a
second, similar piece of information to the information about Zhao’s win. Instead, the fact that only one other woman had
won the award before puts Zhao’s win in perspective.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 9fe7315b
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 9fe7315b
Few New Yorkers have heard Thelma Pollard’s name. ______ many have seen her work in the famous Broadway musical
The Phantom of the Opera. As the musical’s longtime makeup supervisor, Pollard put the iconic makeup on the face of
the Phantom himself.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Similarly,

B. Therefore,

C. For example,

D. However,

ID: 9fe7315b Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is the best answer. "However" logically signals that the claim in this sentence—that many New Yorkers have
seen Pollard’s work in a famous Broadway musical—is true despite the previous information that few New Yorkers have
heard Pollard’s name.

Choice A is incorrect because "similarly" illogically signals that the claim in this sentence is similar to the previous
information that few New Yorkers have heard Pollard’s name. Instead, the claim that many New Yorkers have seen
Pollard’s work is true despite the previous information. Choice B is incorrect because "therefore" illogically signals that
the claim in this sentence is a result of the previous information that few New Yorkers have heard Pollard’s name.
Instead, the claim that many New Yorkers have seen Pollard’s work is true despite the previous information. Choice C is
incorrect because "for example" illogically signals that the claim in this sentence exemplifies the previous information
that few New Yorkers have heard Pollard’s name. Instead, the claim that many New Yorkers have seen Pollard’s work is
true despite the previous information.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 911c7a87
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 911c7a87
After appropriate permissions are granted, a typical archaeological dig begins with a surveyor making a detailed grid of
the excavation site. Then, the site is carefully dug, and any artifacts found are recorded and mapped onto the site grid.
______ the artifacts are removed, cataloged, and analyzed in a laboratory.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. For instance,

B. On the contrary,

C. Earlier,

D. Finally,

ID: 911c7a87 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is the best answer. "Finally" logically signals that the actions in this sentence—the removal, cataloging, and
analysis of artifacts—are the next and final steps in a process, following the previous actions of surveying, digging,
recording, and mapping.

Choice A is incorrect because "for instance" illogically signals that the actions in this sentence are an example of the
actions in the previous sentence. Instead, the removal, cataloging, and analysis of artifacts are the next and final steps in
a process. Choice B is incorrect because "on the contrary" illogically signals that the actions in this sentence are directly
opposed to the actions in the previous sentence. Instead, the removal, cataloging, and analysis of artifacts are the next
and final steps in a process. Choice C is incorrect because "earlier" illogically signals that the actions in this sentence
occur before the actions in the previous sentence. Instead, the removal, cataloging, and analysis of artifacts are the next
and final steps in a process.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID c7e85c0a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: c7e85c0a
The envelope-shaped paper bags common in the US 150 years ago were impractical for carrying goods. ______ because
they were the only paper bags that could be mass-produced, these bags dominated the market. That all changed in the
1870s, when industrial designer Margaret Knight patented a machine to make flat-bottomed, foldable paper bags.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. However,

B. For instance,

C. Thus,

D. In other words,

ID: c7e85c0a Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is the best answer. “However” logically signals that the information in this sentence—that envelope-shaped
bags dominated the market—contrasts with the previous claim that these bags were impractical for carrying goods.

Choice B is incorrect because “for instance” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is an example
supporting the previous claim that envelope-shaped bags were impractical for carrying goods. Instead, the sentence
contrasts with the previous claim about the bags. Choice C is incorrect because “thus” illogically signals that the
information in this sentence is a result of the previous claim that envelope-shaped bags were impractical for carrying
goods. Instead, the sentence contrasts with the previous claim about the bags. Choice D is incorrect because “in other
words” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is a paraphrase of the previous claim that envelope-shaped
bags were impractical for carrying goods. Instead, the sentence contrasts with the previous claim about the bags.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID f33f0892
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: f33f0892
Although novels and poems are considered distinct literary forms, many authors have created hybrid works that
incorporate elements of both. Bernardine Evaristo’s The Emperor’s Babe, ______ is a verse novel, a book-length narrative
complete with characters and a plot but conveyed in short, crisp lines of poetry rather than prose.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. by contrast,

B. consequently,

C. secondly,

D. for example,

ID: f33f0892 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is the best answer. “For example” logically signals that the information in this sentence—that The Emperor’s
Babe is a novel conveyed in lines of poetry—exemplifies the claim in the previous sentence about hybrid works that
incorporate elements of both novels and poems.

Choice A is incorrect because “by contrast” illogically signals that the information in this sentence contrasts with the
claim about hybrid works in the previous sentence. Instead, the information demonstrates that Evaristo’s novel is an
example of a hybrid work. Choice B is incorrect because “consequently” illogically signals that the information in this
sentence is a consequence, or result, of the claim about hybrid works in the previous sentence. Instead, the information
demonstrates that Evaristo’s novel is an example of a hybrid work. Choice C is incorrect because “secondly” illogically
signals that the information in this sentence is a second, separate claim from the previous sentence’s claim about hybrid
works. Instead, the information demonstrates that Evaristo’s novel is an example of a hybrid work.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 7d56630a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 7d56630a
In studying whether jellyfish sleep, researchers Michael Abrams, Claire Bedbrook, and Ravi Nath attempted to answer
three questions. ______ is there a period each day when the pulse rates of jellyfish decline? Second, do jellyfish respond
more slowly to stimuli during that period? Finally, if prevented from sleeping, are jellyfish adversely affected?

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. As a result,

B. First,

C. Additionally,

D. However,

ID: 7d56630a Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is the best answer. “First” logically signals that the question in this sentence—whether there is a daily period
during which jellyfish pulse rates decline—is the first in a sequence of three questions the researchers attempted to
answer about jellyfish sleep behavior.

Choice A is incorrect because “as a result” illogically signals that the question in this sentence is a result of the three
questions the researchers attempted to answer. Instead, it is the first of those three questions. Choice C is incorrect
because “additionally” illogically signals that the question in this sentence is an additional question related to the three
questions the researchers attempted to answer. Instead, it is the first of those three questions. Choice D is incorrect
because “however” illogically signals that the question in this sentence contrasts with the three questions the
researchers attempted to answer. Instead, it is the first of those three questions.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID a6155e60
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: a6155e60
Every chemical compound has a spectroscopic fingerprint, a pattern of reflected light unique to that compound. ______
upon analyzing the light reflected by the bright regions on the surface of the dwarf planet Ceres, Maria Cristina De
Sanctis of Rome’s National Institute of Astrophysics was able to determine that the regions contain large amounts of the
compound sodium carbonate.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Regardless,

B. Meanwhile,

C. Thus,

D. In comparison,

ID: a6155e60 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale
Choice C is the best answer. “Thus” logically signals that the action described in this sentence—the researcher being able
to determine the chemical makeup of the planet’s bright regions based on how they reflect light—is a result or
consequence of the previous information about spectroscopic fingerprints.

Choice A is incorrect because “regardless” illogically signals that the action described in this sentence occurs despite the
previous information about spectroscopic fingerprints. Instead, the finding in this sentence is a result or consequence of
that information. Choice B is incorrect because “meanwhile” illogically signals that the action described in this sentence
either occurs at the same time as or offers an alternative to the previous information about spectroscopic fingerprints.
Instead, the finding in this sentence is a result or consequence of that information. Choice D is incorrect because “in
comparison” illogically signals that the action described in this sentence is being compared with the previous information
about spectroscopic fingerprints. Instead, the finding in this sentence is a result or consequence of that information.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID d10e46a2
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: d10e46a2
The ancient Spartans were known for their bitingly concise—or laconic—wit, a quality they maintained even in the face of
great peril. ______ when Philip II of Macedon threatened Laconia (the region of Greece containing Sparta), he said, “If I
invade Laconia, I shall turn you out.” The Spartans replied with a single word: “If.”

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Rather,

B. In other words,

C. That said,

D. For instance,

ID: d10e46a2 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is the best answer. "For instance" logically signals that the concise, witty exchange between Philip II and the
Spartans is an example supporting the previous claim—that the Spartans employed wit even in the face of peril.

Choice A is incorrect because "rather" illogically signals that the exchange between Philip II and the Spartans contrasts
with the previous claim about the Spartans’ wit. Instead, the exchange is an example of their wit. Choice B is incorrect
because "in other words" illogically signals that the exchange between Philip II and the Spartans is a restatement of the
previous claim about the Spartans’ wit. Instead, the exchange is an example of their wit. Choice C is incorrect because
"that said" illogically signals that the exchange between Philip II and the Spartans is an exception to the previous claim
about the Spartans’ wit. Instead, the exchange is an example of their wit.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 37ec26e7
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 37ec26e7
In order to create the Global Positioning System (GPS), scientists had to develop an accurate mathematical model of
Earth’s shape that accounted for various forces, such as tides. ______ it was mathematician Gladys West who wrote the
computer program that could perform these necessary calculations.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Ultimately,

B. In other words,

C. Secondly,

D. In addition,

ID: 37ec26e7 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is the best answer. "Ultimately" logically signals that West’s completion of the computer program was the
conclusion of the process described in the previous sentence, in which scientists working on GPS sought to develop a
mathematical model of Earth.

Choice B is incorrect because "in other words" illogically signals that the information about West’s program is a
restatement of the information about the scientists’ efforts to develop a mathematical model of Earth. Instead, West’s
program was the conclusion of those efforts. Choice C is incorrect because "secondly" illogically signals that West’s
completion of the computer program was merely the next step in the scientists’ efforts to develop a mathematical model
of Earth. Instead, West’s program was the conclusion of those efforts. Choice D is incorrect because "in addition"
illogically signals that West’s completion of the computer program was merely additional information related to the
scientists’ work on GPS. Instead, West’s program was the conclusion of the scientists’ efforts to develop a mathematical
model of Earth.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID d3725911
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: d3725911
In the search for extraterrestrial life, astrobiologists Stuart Bartlett and Michael L. Wong propose that scientists avoid
using the term “life.” ______ researchers should use another word: “lyfe.” This new term, they argue, could be used to draw
distinctions between the known characteristics of life on Earth and the potentially differing characteristics of lyfe on
other planets.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Previously,

B. Regardless,

C. There,

D. Instead,

ID: d3725911 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is the best answer. "Instead" logically signals that the idea in this sentence—that researchers should use the
word "lyfe"—is an alternative to the idea mentioned in the previous sentence (scientists’ use of the word "life").

Choice A is incorrect because "previously" illogically signals that the idea in this sentence occurs before the action in the
first sentence. Instead, the use of "lyfe" is an alternative to the previously mentioned use of "life." Choice B is incorrect
because "regardless" illogically signals that the idea in this sentence is true despite the information in the first sentence.
Instead, the use of "lyfe" is an alternative to the previously mentioned use of "life." Choice C is incorrect because "there"
illogically signals that the idea in this sentence occurs in a place mentioned in the previous sentence. Instead, the use of
"lyfe" is an alternative to the previously mentioned use of "life."

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID b7571c0a
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: b7571c0a
Practical movie effects, such as the use of actual locations in a film, provide a more realistic visual experience than
computer-generated imagery (CGI) does, but giving audiences the “real thing” can be prohibitively expensive. ______ many
filmmakers use a blended approach, employing practical effects whenever possible and CGI elements as necessary to
control costs.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Similarly,

B. For this reason,

C. Furthermore,

D. In other words,

ID: b7571c0a Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is the best answer. The first sentence tells us that practical effects are more realistic but also more expensive
than CGI. The second sentence tells us that many filmmakers use both kinds of effects, balancing realism with cost. To
connect these ideas, we need a cause-and-effect transition, like “therefore.” “For this reason” has the same meaning as
“therefore.” .

Choice A is incorrect. This isn’t a logical transition. The first sentence tells us that practical effects are more realistic but
also more expensive than CGI. The second sentence tells us that many filmmakers use both kinds of effects, balancing
realism with cost. To connect these ideas, we need a cause-and-effect transition, like “therefore.” “Similarly” doesn’t show
cause and effect: it shows the addition of another agreeing idea. Choice C is incorrect. This isn’t a logical transition. The
first sentence tells us that practical effects are more realistic but also more expensive than CGI. The second sentence
tells us that many filmmakers use both kinds of effects, balancing realism with cost. To connect these ideas, we need a
cause-and-effect transition, like “therefore.” “Furthermore” doesn’t show cause and effect: it shows the addition of
another agreeing idea. Choice D is incorrect. This isn’t a logical transition. The first sentence tells us that practical effects
are more realistic but also more expensive than CGI. The second sentence tells us that many filmmakers use both kinds
of effects, balancing realism with cost. To connect these ideas, we need a cause-and-effect transition, like “therefore.” “In
other words” doesn’t show cause and effect: it shows a restatement of the same idea in different words.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 1ccfcea4
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 1ccfcea4
The French directors Colas Koola and Vivien Mermet-Guyenet (known as Koola and Viv) founded the video game studio
BlueTwelve. They also love cats. ______ they created an award-winning cat video game, Stray (2021), that lets the player
explore a dystopian city from the perspective of a clever orange house cat.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Intermittently,

B. On the other hand,

C. In fact,

D. Nevertheless,

ID: 1ccfcea4 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale
Choice C is the best answer. "In fact" logically signals that the information in this sentence about the creation of the video
game offers additional emphasis in support of the previous claim that video game studio founders Koola and Viv love
cats.

Choice A is incorrect because "intermittently" illogically signals that the information in this sentence occurs sporadically
or in intervals. Instead, the creation of the video game offers additional emphasis in support of the previous claim about
Koola and Viv. Choice B is incorrect because "on the other hand" illogically signals that the information in this sentence
contrasts with the previous claim about Koola and Viv. Instead, the creation of the video game offers additional
emphasis in support of that claim. Choice D is incorrect because "nevertheless" illogically signals that the information in
this sentence is true despite the previous claim that Koola and Viv love cats. Instead, the creation of the video game
offers additional emphasis in support of that claim.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID a064955f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: a064955f
In most deer species, males grow antlers, and females don’t. ______ reindeer are different. They are the only deer species
in which the females grow antlers, too.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Similarly,

B. Next,

C. However,

D. Thus,

ID: a064955f Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale
Choice C is the best answer. "However" logically signals that the claim about reindeer in this sentence contrasts with the
information about most deer species in the previous sentence.

Choice A is incorrect because "similarly" illogically signals that the claim in this sentence is similar to the previous
information about most deer species. Instead, it contrasts with that information. Choice B is incorrect because "next"
illogically signals that the claim about reindeer in this sentence is the next step in a process. Instead, it contrasts with the
previous information about most deer species. Choice D is incorrect because "thus" illogically signals that the claim in
this sentence results from the previous information about most deer species. Instead, it contrasts with that information.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID dd087f31
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: dd087f31
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s 2013 novel Americanah chronicles the divergent experiences of Ifemelu and Obinze, a
young Nigerian couple, after high school. Ifemelu moves to the United States to attend a prestigious university. ______
Obinze travels to London, hoping to start a career there. However, frustrated with the lack of opportunities, he soon
returns to Nigeria.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Meanwhile,

B. Nevertheless,

C. Secondly,

D. In fact,

ID: dd087f31 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is the best answer. “Meanwhile” logically signals that the action described in this sentence (Obinze’s move to
London to pursue a career) is simultaneous with the action described in the previous sentence (Ifemelu’s move to the
United States). The first sentence establishes that the actions take place around the same time, referring to the
characters’ “divergent experiences” following high school.

Choice B is incorrect because “nevertheless” illogically signals that the information in this sentence about Obinze’s move
to London is true despite the previous information about Ifemelu’s move to the United States. Instead, as the first
sentence establishes, Obinze’s move and Ifemelu’s move are related, parallel experiences that occur around the same
time. Choice C is incorrect because “secondly” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is a second point
or reason separate from the previous information about Ifemelu’s move to the United States. Instead, as the first
sentence establishes, Obinze’s move and Ifemelu’s move are related, parallel experiences that occur around the same
time. Choice D is incorrect because “in fact” illogically signals that the information in this sentence emphasizes, modifies,
or contradicts the previous information about Ifemelu’s move to the United States. Instead, as the first sentence
establishes, Obinze’s move and Ifemelu’s move are related, parallel experiences that occur around the same time.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID e965fd73
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: e965fd73
Preston Singletary is a Tlingit glass artist who often collaborates with other artists. ______ he has worked with Tewa
pottery artist Jody Naranjo several times. Together, Singletary and Naranjo have created pottery-inspired glass pieces
such as Sunset Stampede and Kiva Steps.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. In conclusion,

B. For example,

C. However,

D. In comparison,

ID: e965fd73 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is the best answer. "For example" logically signals that this sentence—noting Singletary’s work with Jody
Naranjo—provides an example supporting the previous point about Singletary’s collaborations with other artists.

Choice A is incorrect because "in conclusion" illogically signals that the information in this sentence concludes or
summarizes the previous point about Singletary’s collaborations with other artists. Instead, it provides an example in
support of that point. Choice C is incorrect because "however" illogically signals that the information in this sentence
contrasts with the previous point about Singletary’s collaborations with other artists. Instead, it provides an example in
support of that point. Choice D is incorrect because "in comparison" illogically signals that the information in this
sentence is being compared to the previous point about Singletary’s collaborations with other artists. Instead, it provides
an example in support of that point.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 5c58cec0
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 5c58cec0
To guarantee the validity of experimental results, scientists rely on precise, unchanging standards of measurement.
______ metrologists (scientists who study measurement) developed the SI, or International System of Units. The SI’s units
of measurement are based on unchanging values in nature, such as the mass of an electron or the speed of light.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. In contrast,

B. Regardless,

C. In addition,

D. For this reason,

ID: 5c58cec0 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is the best answer. "For this reason" logically signals that the information that follows—that metrologists
developed the SI based on unchanging values in nature—is a result of the previous claim that scientists rely on precise,
unchanging standards of measurement to guarantee the validity of experimental results.

Choice A is incorrect because "in contrast" illogically signals that the information that follows contrasts with the previous
claim that scientists rely on precise, unchanging standards of measurement. Instead, the information that metrologists
developed the SI based on unchanging values in nature is a result of that claim. Choice B is incorrect because
"regardless" illogically signals that the information that follows is true despite the previous claim that scientists rely on
precise, unchanging standards of measure. Instead, the information that metrologists developed the SI based on
unchanging values in nature is a result of that claim. Choice C is incorrect because "in addition" illogically signals that the
information that follows is merely an additional fact related to the previous claim that scientists rely on precise,
unchanging standards of measurement. Instead, the information that metrologists developed the SI based on
unchanging values in nature is a result of that claim.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 0ee64efc
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 0ee64efc
In the 1850s, William Still was instrumental in helping nearly 1,000 people escape from slavery, earning him the moniker
“the Father of the Underground Railroad.” ______ despite the fame of his contributions during his lifetime, Still is
discussed far less today than other prominent Black abolitionists from his era, such as Frederick Douglass and Harriet
Tubman.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. For example,

B. However,

C. Specifically,

D. Similarly,

ID: 0ee64efc Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is the best answer. "However" is used to indicate a contrast between two ideas. The first sentence describes
how Still used to be famous. This sentence describes how Still is not very famous today, so the transition "however" fits
perfectly.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that introduces an example. But the second sentence doesn’t provide
a specific example of Still’s famous contributions to the Underground Railroad. Instead, it changes the subject to how his
fame has faded over time. Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that introduces an example or continuation
of a previous idea. But the second sentence doesn’t provide a specific example of Still’s famous contributions to the
Underground Railroad. Instead, it changes the subject to how his fame has faded over time. Choice D is incorrect. This
choice uses a transition that indicates the agreement between two ideas. But this sentence shows a contrast with the
first sentence—namely, that Still used to be very famous but now isn’t very famous.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 6036ad0e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 6036ad0e
In 2014, Nestor Gomez won his first-ever storytelling competition, relating a tale about his life as a Guatemalan
immigrant living in Chicago. ______ in 2017, Gomez created the show 80 Minutes Around the World as a platform for
others to share stories about their immigration experiences.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Instead,

B. For example,

C. Later,

D. In other words,

ID: 6036ad0e Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale
Choice C is the best answer. "Later" logically signals that the information in the sentence—that in 2017 Gomez created a
platform for others to share stories about their immigration experiences—occurs later in a chronological series of events
than the previous information about Gomez winning his first storytelling competition in 2014.

Choice A is incorrect because "instead" illogically signals that Gomez created a platform for others to share stories about
their immigration experiences as an alternative to winning his first storytelling competition. Rather, Gomez created the
platform later—in a chronological series of events—than when he won the competition. Choice B is incorrect because "for
example" illogically signals that the information about Gomez creating a platform for others to share stories exemplifies
his winning his first storytelling competition. Rather, Gomez created the platform later—in a chronological series of
events—than when he won the competition. Choice D is incorrect because "in other words" illogically signals that the
information about Gomez creating a platform for others to share stories is merely a paraphrase or restatement of the
previous information about Gomez winning his first storytelling competition. Rather, Gomez created the platform later—in
a chronological series of events—than when he won the competition.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 63c73b50
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 63c73b50
In 2018, Kurt Luther and Vikram Mohanty created the web-based tool Civil War Photo Sleuth (CWPS). A user uploading an
unknown Civil War soldier’s photograph to CWPS first tags the photo with all known information. ______ CWPS’s facial-
recognition software analyzes twenty-seven different physical features and looks for matches to tagged images already
in the database.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Then,

B. In fact,

C. Likewise,

D. For example,

ID: 63c73b50 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is the best answer. “Then” indicates that the events in this sentence took place after the events in the previous
sentence. Only after users upload images of unknown soldiers can those images be analyzed.

Choice B is incorrect. This transition is used to emphasize the truth of a statement that modifies the previous statement.
But this sentence doesn’t modify the step described in the previous statement: instead, it introduces an entirely new step
in the process. So “in fact” wouldn’t make sense here. Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates
the addition of a new but related idea, which doesn’t make sense here. Analyzing the physical features in the uploaded
photographs isn’t a similar idea, but rather the next step in the process. Choice D is incorrect. This choice uses an
exemplification transition, which doesn’t make sense here. Analyzing physical features is not an example of uploading
and tagging an image.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 3831f2d7
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 3831f2d7
Arkansas aviator Louise Thaden was already a record breaker when she won the inaugural National Women’s Air Derby, a
race from California to Ohio, in August of 1929. ______ in December of 1928, Thaden had set an aviation record when she
reached an altitude of 20,269 feet in a Travel Air biplane.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Earlier,

B. However,

C. Next,

D. As a result,

ID: 3831f2d7 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is the best answer. This choice uses a transition that indicates a shift back in time. Since the first sentence
talks about Thaden’s race win in 1929 and the second shifts back to talking about her record in 1928, this makes the
most sense here.

Choice B is incorrect. This choice uses a disagreement transition. But this sentence actually agrees with and expands on
the previous sentence by describing the earlier record that Thaden had "already" held. Choice C is incorrect. This choice
uses a transition that indicates a shift forward in time, which doesn’t make sense here. A record in 1928 didn’t come after
Thaden’s race win in 1929. Choice D is incorrect. This choice uses a cause-and-effect transition, which doesn’t make
sense in this context—an event in 1929 can’t cause something in 1928.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID c4f7f726
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: c4f7f726
Many butterfly species have bold, brightly colored wings. ______ some butterfly species have wings that are almost
completely colorless and transparent. Glasswing butterflies, for example, have see-through wings that make them nearly
invisible.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Similarly,

B. Previously,

C. In other words,

D. However,

ID: c4f7f726 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is the best answer. "However" logically signals that the information in this sentence about butterfly species—
that some have colorless, transparent wings—contrasts with the previous information about butterfly species with bold,
colorful wings.

Choice A is incorrect because "similarly" illogically signals that the information in this sentence is similar to the previous
information about butterfly species. Instead, it contrasts with the previous information. Choice B is incorrect because
"previously" illogically signals that this sentence describes an event that occurred before another event. Instead, the
sentence provides information about butterfly species that contrasts with the information in the first sentence. Choice C
is incorrect because "in other words" illogically signals that the information in this sentence is a paraphrase or
restatement of the previous information about butterfly species. Instead, it contrasts with the previous information.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 2b5e0731
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 2b5e0731
With darkness falling, a mother elephant loses sight of her calf and wants to make sure it is safe. ______ she releases an
infrasonic call for the calf to hear. Infrasonic sound is below the range of human hearing, but many animals can hear
these sounds from several miles away.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. For example,

B. For this reason,

C. Nowadays,

D. Similarly,

ID: 2b5e0731 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is the best answer. "For this reason" is a cause-and-effect transition. The cause in this case is that the mother
elephant wants to know that her calf is safe, so the effect is that she lets out an infrasonic call for the calf to hear.
Therefore, "for this reason" fits perfectly in this context.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that introduces an example of a previous idea. But the second
sentence doesn’t provide an example of the events described in the first sentence. Instead, it describes what happens
next: the mother elephant calls for her calf. Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates a shift from
the past to the current time, which doesn’t make sense here. Both sentences use the present tense, as they’re describing
the same time period. Choice D is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates commonality or agreement
between two ideas. But this sentence isn’t similar to the events in the first sentence. Instead, it describes the events that
happen next.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 1c36e3e1
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 1c36e3e1
The number of dark spots that appear on the Sun, known as sunspots, can vary greatly. For example, there were about
180 sunspots in November 2001. ______ there were only about 2 sunspots in December 2008.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. In other words,

B. Similarly,

C. Therefore,

D. By comparison,

ID: 1c36e3e1 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is the best answer. The first sentence claims that the number of sunspots can vary greatly. To support this
claim, the next two sentences compare two examples: one time when there were 180 sunspots and one time when there
were only 2 sunspots. So the transition “by comparison” fits perfectly.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates a restatement of the same idea, which doesn’t make
sense here. This sentence doesn’t restate the first example—it describes a totally different example. Choice B is
incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates the addition of a similar idea, which doesn’t make sense here. This
sentence describes a second example that is very different from the first example. Choice C is incorrect. This choice
uses a cause-and-effect transition, which doesn’t make sense here. The first example didn’t result in the second example.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID ff1a2e5e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: ff1a2e5e
Historians agree that the jazz pianist Jelly Roll Morton was exaggerating when he claimed to have invented jazz music.
No one can deny, ______ that Morton’s innovative compositions and remarkable improvisational skills helped shape jazz
as a genre during its early years.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. therefore,

B. in the second place,

C. in other words,

D. though,

ID: ff1a2e5e Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is the best answer. "Though" logically signals that the claim in the sentence—that Morton’s improvisational
skills helped shape jazz as a genre during its early years ("No one can deny" it)—is true despite the previous information
about Morton’s exaggerated claim to have invented jazz.

Choice A is incorrect because "therefore" illogically signals that the claim in the sentence is a result of the previous
information about Morton’s claim to have invented jazz. Instead, the sentence states that Morton helped to shape jazz—
even if his claim was an exaggeration. Choice B is incorrect because "in the second place" illogically signals that the
claim in the sentence is a second, separate point in addition to Morton’s claim to have invented jazz. Instead, the
sentence states that Morton helped to shape jazz—even if his claim was an exaggeration. Choice C is incorrect because
"in other words" illogically signals that the claim in the sentence is merely a paraphrase or restatement of the previous
information about Morton’s claim to have invented jazz. Instead, the sentence states that Morton helped to shape jazz—
even if his claim was an exaggeration.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 4f2710ab
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 4f2710ab
Organisms have evolved a number of surprising adaptations to ensure their survival in adverse conditions. Tadpole
shrimp (Triops longicaudatus) embryos, ______ can pause development for over ten years during extended periods of
drought.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. in contrast,

B. for example,

C. meanwhile,

D. consequently,

ID: 4f2710ab Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is the best answer. “For example” logically signals that the information in this sentence—that tadpole shrimp
embryos can pause development during extended periods of drought—exemplifies the previous sentence’s claim that
organisms have evolved surprising adaptations to survive in adverse conditions.

Choice A is incorrect because “in contrast” illogically signals that the information in this sentence contrasts with the
claim about organisms in the previous sentence. Instead, it exemplifies this claim. Choice C is incorrect because
“meanwhile” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is separate from (while occurring simultaneously
with) the claim about organisms in the previous sentence. Instead, it exemplifies this claim. Choice D is incorrect
because “consequently” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is a consequence, or result, of the claim
about organisms in the previous sentence. Instead, it exemplifies this claim.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 34a5ba1c
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 34a5ba1c
By 1936, Spanish Romani dancer Carmen Amaya was known all over Spain for her powerful style of flamenco dancing.
However, in July of that year, the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War made it difficult for her to perform in her home
country. ______ Amaya left Spain to perform abroad, dancing for audiences across North and South America.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. In comparison,

B. As a result,

C. First of all,

D. For example,

ID: 34a5ba1c Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is the best answer. “As a result” logically signals that the information in this sentence about Amaya leaving
Spain to perform abroad is a result of the previous information about the Spanish Civil War.

Choice A is incorrect because “in comparison” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is being compared
to the previous information about the Spanish Civil War. Instead, Amaya leaving Spain is a result of that war. Choice C is
incorrect because “first of all” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is the beginning of a sequence of
events. Instead, Amaya leaving Spain is a result of the event (the outbreak of war) described in the previous sentence.
Choice D is incorrect because “for example” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is an example
supporting the previous statement about the Spanish Civil War. Instead, Amaya leaving Spain is a result of that war.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID ac8eb085
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: ac8eb085
“O2 Arena,” an award-winning science fiction story by Nigerian author Oghenechovwe Donald Ekpeki, takes place in an
alternate version of Nigeria where breathable air is a rare commodity that is owned and sold by companies. ______ people
must purchase it with currency called O2 credits.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. As a result,

B. In any case,

C. Nevertheless,

D. Earlier,

ID: ac8eb085 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is the best answer. The second sentence describes a consequence of the system laid out in the first sentence:
because air is owned and sold by companies in this world, people have to buy it.

Choice B is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that means “no matter what happens” or “whatever the situation is,”
which doesn’t make sense here. There’s only one situation described in the text: a fictional world in which companies
own all the breathable air, forcing people to buy it. Choice C is incorrect. This choice uses a disagreement transition. But
this sentence doesn’t disagree with the previous sentence. They both describe the same fictional situation. Choice D is
incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates a shift back in time, which doesn’t make sense here. Both
sentences use the present tense, as they’re describing the same fictional time period.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 37957752
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 37957752
As biologist Terrie Williams has documented, deep dives present a challenge for seals and other marine mammals. A
seal must exert enough energy to propel itself hundreds of meters downward, while keeping its heart rate low enough
that it doesn’t run out of oxygen while underwater. ______ a seal moves its flippers as little as possible on a deep dive,
gliding to conserve energy.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. In the first place,

B. On the other hand,

C. For this reason,

D. In comparison,

ID: 37957752 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale
Choice C is the best answer. “For this reason” logically signals that the behavior described in this sentence is a
consequence of the information about seals in the previous sentence. That is, a seal moves its flippers as little as
possible during a deep dive because it needs to keep its heart rate low enough that it does not run out of oxygen.

Choice A is incorrect because “in the first place” illogically signals that this sentence is the first point in a discussion.
Instead, the sentence describes a behavior that is a consequence of the previous information about seals. Choice B is
incorrect because “on the other hand” illogically signals that the behavior described in this sentence contrasts with the
previous information about seals. Instead, it is a consequence of that information. Choice D is incorrect because “in
comparison” illogically signals that the behavior described in this sentence is being compared to the previous
information about seals. Instead, it is a consequence of that information.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 90117366
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 90117366
To explore how blinking affects social interactions, Dutch researchers observed interactions between human speakers
and “listeners” (animated human faces on a screen). The researchers found that when the listeners blinked slowly, the
speakers tended to talk for less time. ______ quicker blinks were associated with longer talking times.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. For example,

B. Specifically,

C. Firstly,

D. By contrast,

ID: 90117366 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is the best answer. “By contrast” logically signals that the finding described in this sentence contrasts with the
finding described in the previous sentence. That is, quicker blinks were associated with longer talking times, whereas
slower blinks were associated with shorter talking times.

Choice A is incorrect because “for example” illogically signals that the finding described in this sentence is an example of
the finding described in the previous sentence. Instead, it contrasts with that finding. Choice B is incorrect because
“specifically” illogically signals that this sentence provides specific, precise details about the finding described in the
previous sentence. Instead, it presents information that contrasts with that finding. Choice C is incorrect because “firstly”
illogically signals that the finding described in this sentence is a first point or occurs first in a chronological sequence of
events. Instead, it contrasts with the finding described in the previous sentence.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID a204d618
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: a204d618
In 1949, Frank Zamboni developed an ice rink resurfacing machine. As Zamboni’s machine moved along the rink’s
surface, it first scraped off the top layer of ice. ______ it sprayed water into the deep grooves left behind by customers’
skates. Lastly, it smoothed over the newly formed ice.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. For example,

B. Next,

C. Similarly,

D. In contrast,

ID: a204d618 Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is the best answer. "Next" logically signals that the action in this sentence—the water spraying—is the next step
in the resurfacing process, following the ice scraping mentioned in the previous sentence.

Choice A is incorrect because "for example" illogically signals that the action in this sentence is an example of the action
in the previous sentence. Instead, the water spraying is the next step in a process that begins with the ice scraping.
Choice C is incorrect because "similarly" illogically signals that the action in this sentence is similar to the action in the
previous sentence. Instead, the water spraying is the next step in a process that begins with the ice scraping. Choice D is
incorrect because "in contrast" illogically signals that the action in this sentence contrasts with the action in the previous
sentence. Instead, the water spraying is the next step in a process that begins with the ice scraping.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 1996c104
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 1996c104
The liquid metals in Earth’s core circulate constantly, and this circulation generates electrical currents that flow between
Earth’s North and South magnetic poles. These electrical currents, ______ create a barrier around Earth that protects us
from radiation and charged particles coming from space.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. in turn,

B. likewise,

C. nevertheless,

D. in reality,

ID: 1996c104 Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is the best answer. "In turn" logically signals that the information in the sentence—that the electrical currents
create a protective barrier around Earth—is a result or consequence of the previous information about the circulation of
liquid metals generating electrical currents that flow between Earth’s magnetic poles.

Choice B is incorrect because "likewise" illogically signals that the information in the sentence is similar to the previous
information about the circulation of liquid metals generating electrical currents that flow between Earth’s magnetic poles.
Instead, the new information about the electrical currents is a direct result or consequence of the previous information.
Choice C is incorrect because "nevertheless" illogically signals that the information in the sentence is true despite the
previous information about the circulation of liquid metals generating electrical currents that flow between Earth’s
magnetic poles. Instead, the new information about the electrical currents is a direct result or consequence of the
previous information. Choice D is incorrect because "in reality" illogically signals that the information in the sentence
contradicts the previous information about the circulation of liquid metals generating electrical currents that flow
between Earth’s magnetic poles. Instead, the new information about the electrical currents is a direct result or
consequence of the previous information.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID bfb4e85e
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: bfb4e85e
Ballet dancer Misty Copeland has accomplished a lot. She has appeared on Broadway, toured with Prince, and even
served on the President’s Council on Sports, Fitness & Nutrition. ______ according to Copeland, nothing in her career
matches the honor of being the first African American woman named principal dancer at the prestigious American Ballet
Theatre.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Thus,

B. However,

C. For example,

D. Second of all,

ID: bfb4e85e Answer

Correct Answer: B

Rationale
Choice B is the best answer. "However" logically signals that the information in this sentence—that nothing in Copeland’s
career matches her accomplishment of being the first African American woman named principal dancer at the American
Ballet Theatre—offers a contrast or exception to the previous information about Copeland’s accomplishments.

Choice A is incorrect because "thus" illogically signals that the information that follows is a result of the previous
information about Copeland’s accomplishments. Instead, the statement that nothing in Copeland’s career matches this
accomplishment offers a contrast or exception to that information. Choice C is incorrect because "for example" illogically
signals that Copeland’s statement about her greatest accomplishment exemplifies the claim about her accomplishments
in the previous sentence. Instead, it offers a contrast or exception to that information. Choice D is incorrect because
"second of all" illogically signals that the information in this sentence is a second, separate claim from the previous
sentence’s information about her accomplishments. Instead, the statement that nothing in Copeland’s career matches
this accomplishment offers a contrast or exception to that information.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 2bda9edb
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 2bda9edb
In 1885, Chinese-born California resident Mary Tape became a hero of the Asian American civil rights movement. In
January of that year, she won an antidiscrimination case in the California Supreme Court. ______ in April, she wrote an
open letter criticizing her local board of education for discrimination. Both actions are remembered today as historic
stands against racism.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Later,

B. For instance,

C. In other words,

D. Rather,

ID: 2bda9edb Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is the best answer. “Later” logically signals that the letter-writing discussed in this sentence occurred later in a
chronological sequence of events than did the antidiscrimination case discussed in the previous sentence.

Choice B is incorrect because “for instance” illogically signals that the letter-writing discussed in this sentence is an
example of the antidiscrimination case discussed in the previous sentence. Instead, the letter-writing is an event that
occurred after the court case. Choice C is incorrect because “in other words” illogically signals that the letter-writing
discussed in this sentence is a paraphrase or restatement of the antidiscrimination case discussed in the previous
sentence. Instead, the letter-writing is an event that occurred after the court case. Choice D is incorrect because “rather”
illogically signals that the letter-writing discussed in this sentence is an alternative to the antidiscrimination case
discussed in the previous sentence. Instead, the letter-writing is an event that occurred after the court case.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 42d92dea
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 42d92dea
Before it unveiled a massive new gallery in 2009, the Art Institute of Chicago was only able to display about 5% of its art
collection. ______ the museum is able to display close to 30% of its collection.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Additionally,

B. For example,

C. Nevertheless,

D. Today,

ID: 42d92dea Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is the best answer. "Today" logically signals that the information in the sentence—that the museum is able to
display close to 30% of its collection—is true of the Art Institute of Chicago as it exists in the present day after the
previously mentioned unveiling of the massive new gallery in 2009.

Choice A is incorrect because "additionally" illogically signals that the information in the sentence is merely an additional
fact related to the information about the museum before the new gallery opened. Instead, the sentence is about the
museum in the present day after the new gallery opened. Choice B is incorrect because "for example" illogically signals
that the information in the sentence exemplifies the previous information about the museum before the new gallery
opened. Instead, the sentence is about the museum in the present day after the new gallery opened. Choice C is incorrect
because "nevertheless" illogically signals that the information in the sentence is true despite the previous information
about the museum before the new gallery opened. Instead, the sentence is about the museum in the present day after
the new gallery opened.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 87d8a2ff
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 87d8a2ff
During a 2021 launch, Rocket Labs’ Electron rocket experienced an unexpected failure: its second-stage booster shut
down suddenly after ignition. ______ instead of downplaying the incident, Rocket Labs’ CEO publicly acknowledged what
happened and apologized for the loss of the rocket’s payload, which had consisted of two satellites.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Afterward,

B. Additionally,

C. Indeed,

D. Similarly,

ID: 87d8a2ff Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is the best answer. “Afterward” logically signals that the events described in this sentence—the CEO’s public
acknowledgment and apology—occurred after the rocket booster’s failure and are part of a chronological sequence of
events.

Choice B is incorrect because “additionally” illogically signals that the events described in this sentence merely occurred
in addition to the rocket booster’s failure. Instead, they occurred after the rocket booster’s failure and are part of a
chronological sequence of events. Choice C is incorrect because “indeed” illogically signals that the events described in
this sentence emphasize or strengthen a statement made in the previous sentence. Instead, they occurred after the
rocket booster’s failure and are part of a chronological sequence of events. Choice D is incorrect because “similarly”
illogically signals that the events described in this sentence are similar to the rocket booster’s failure. Instead, they
occurred after the rocket booster’s failure and are part of a chronological sequence of events.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 4154a7a3
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 4154a7a3
In 1891, dancer and choreographer Loie Fuller first performed her celebrated Serpentine Dance, artfully twirling her long,
flowing skirt to create striking visual effects. ______ in 1896, cinema pioneers Auguste and Louis Lumière made a
groundbreaking short film of Fuller’s dance.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. However,

B. In conclusion,

C. Later,

D. In other words,

ID: 4154a7a3 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale
Choice C is the best answer. “Later” logically signals that the event discussed in this sentence—the creation of the short
film featuring Fuller’s dance—is a related event that occurred after the event discussed in the previous sentence (the
1891 debut of the dance).

Choice A is incorrect because “however” illogically signals that the information in this sentence contrasts with the
information in the previous sentence. Instead, the creation of the short film is a related event that followed the event
discussed in the previous sentence. Choice B is incorrect because “in conclusion” illogically signals that the information
in this sentence concludes or summarizes the information in the previous sentence. Instead, the creation of the short
film is a related event that followed the event discussed in the previous sentence. Choice D is incorrect because “in other
words” illogically signals that the information in this sentence is a paraphrase or restatement of the information in the
previous sentence. Instead, the creation of the short film is a related event that followed the event discussed in the
previous sentence.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID b5a399f1
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: b5a399f1
Following the Mata Ortiz pottery technique, Mexican sculptor Juan Quezada Celado starts by creating the base of the pot
with a slab of clay. ______ he builds the pot walls by layering coils of clay around the perimeter of the base. Celado then
smooths out the pot’s walls with a hacksaw blade. At last, the pot is ready to be painted.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. For example,

B. However,

C. By contrast,

D. Next,

ID: b5a399f1 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is the best answer. "Next" logically signals that the information in this sentence—which explains how Celado
builds the pot’s walls—is the next step in Celado’s pot creation process. The sentences that follow further signal this
information by completing the process.

Choice A is incorrect because "for example" illogically signals that the information about Celado building pot walls in this
sentence exemplifies the information in the previous sentence about how Celado’s pot creation process begins. Instead,
it is the next step in this process. Choice B is incorrect because "however" illogically signals that the information in this
sentence contrasts with the information in the previous sentence about how Celado’s pot creation process begins.
Instead, it is the next step in this process. Choice C is incorrect because "by contrast" illogically signals that the
information in this sentence contrasts with the information in the previous sentence about how Celado’s pot creation
process begins. Instead, it is the next step in this process.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 9c78f702
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 9c78f702
Phytoplankton play a crucial role in the ocean’s uptake of carbon from the atmosphere. When alive, these tiny marine
organisms absorb atmospheric carbon via photosynthesis. ______ after they die, the phytoplankton sink to the seafloor,
where the carbon in their cells gets stored in sediment, preventing it from cycling back into the atmosphere.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Specifically,

B. By contrast,

C. Nevertheless,

D. Then,

ID: 9c78f702 Answer

Correct Answer: D

Rationale
Choice D is the best answer. “Then” logically signals that the event described in this sentence—carbon in phytoplankton
cells being trapped in sediment after the organisms have died—occurs later in a chronological sequence than the event
described in the previous sentence (phytoplankton absorbing carbon while alive).

Choice A is incorrect because “specifically” illogically signals that the information that follows provides specific, precise
details elaborating on the previous information about what phytoplankton do when alive. Instead, this sentence explains
what happens after phytoplankton die—a later step in the chronological sequence of events. Choice B is incorrect
because “by contrast” illogically signals that the information that follows contrasts with the previous information about
what phytoplankton do when alive. Instead, this sentence explains what happens after phytoplankton die—a later step in
the chronological sequence of events. There is no contrast: in both life and death, phytoplankton contribute to the
ocean’s carbon uptake. Choice C is incorrect because “nevertheless” illogically signals that the information that follows is
in spite of the previous information about what phytoplankton do when alive. Instead, this sentence explains what
happens after phytoplankton die—a later step in the chronological sequence of events. There is no contrast: in both life
and death, phytoplankton contribute to the ocean’s carbon uptake.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID d3898d32
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: d3898d32
Riley Black—the author of critically acclaimed books such as My Beloved Brontosaurus (2013)—is best known for writing
about dinosaurs, but she has also conducted hands-on fieldwork. ______ her fieldwork has included paleontological digs
in Utah, Montana, and Wyoming, and her dinosaur fossil discoveries can be seen at places such as the Carnegie Museum
of Natural History.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Regardless,

B. Subsequently,

C. Specifically,

D. Conversely,

ID: d3898d32 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale
Choice C is the best answer. The second sentence provides more specific information about the fieldwork mentioned in
the first sentence—that the paleontological digs took place in Utah, Montana, and Wyoming. Therefore, “specifically” fits
perfectly in this context.

Choice A is incorrect. This choice uses a disagreement transition. But this sentence doesn’t disagree with the previous
sentence. Rather, this sentence agrees with and elaborates on the last sentence by providing more specifics about the
fieldwork Black does. Choice B is incorrect. This choice uses a transition that indicates that an event took place after
another event. But the two sentences are not describing different events—instead, this sentence gives more details about
the fieldwork discussed in the first sentence. Choice D is incorrect. This choice uses a disagreement transition. But this
sentence doesn’t disagree with the previous sentence. Rather, this sentence agrees with and elaborates on the last
sentence by providing more specifics about the fieldwork Black does.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID de0bcf4f
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: de0bcf4f
Spanish surrealist Oscar Dominguez, like many of his contemporaries, wanted to incorporate elements of chance and
randomness in his artistic process. ______ he employed techniques that produced random, unpredictable results, such as
decalcomania, which involved pressing a blank canvas onto a paint-covered surface to generate abstract patterns.

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. With this in mind,

B. On the contrary,

C. In conclusion,

D. Regardless,

ID: de0bcf4f Answer

Correct Answer: A

Rationale
Choice A is the best answer. "With this in mind" logically signals that the activity described in this sentence—Dominguez’s
use of techniques like decalcomania to produce unpredictable abstract patterns—is a result of his desire to include
random elements in his art.

Choice B is incorrect. "On the contrary" illogically signals that the activity in this sentence opposes or is contrary to
Dominguez’s desire to use random elements in his art. Instead, his use of decalcomania is a result of that desire. Choice
C is incorrect. "In conclusion" illogically signals that the activity in this sentence is a conclusion or summary of
Dominguez’s desire to use random elements in his art. Instead, his use of decalcomania is a result of that desire. Choice
D is incorrect. "Regardless" illogically signals that the activity in this sentence occurs despite Dominguez’s desire to use
random elements in his art. Instead, his use of decalcomania is a result of that desire.

Question Difficulty: Easy

Question ID 6916c8e5
Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty

SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions

ID: 6916c8e5
Laetitia Ky’s hair is her art. Inspired by hairstyles from various African tribes, the Ivorian artist uses wire and thread to
sculpt her hair into all kinds of shapes. ______ she once made her hair into the shape of the continent of Africa—including
the island of Madagascar!

Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

A. Soon,

B. Elsewhere,

C. For example,

D. However,

ID: 6916c8e5 Answer

Correct Answer: C

Rationale
Choice C is the best answer. “For example” logically signals that the following information about Ky—that she once
shaped her hair to look like Africa—is an example supporting the previous statement that she makes different shapes
with her hair.

Choice A is incorrect because “soon” illogically signals that the event described in this sentence occurred soon after the
statement about Ky making different shapes with her hair. Instead, the sentence provides an example of one of these
shapes. Choice B is incorrect because “elsewhere” illogically signals that the event described in this sentence occurred in
a different place than the statement about Ky making different shapes with her hair. Instead, the sentence provides an
example of one of these shapes. Choice D is incorrect because “however” illogically signals that the information in this
sentence contrasts with the statement that Ky makes different shapes with her hair. Instead, the sentence provides an
example of one of these shapes.

Question Difficulty: Easy