H YDROLOGY

(SERLUI-A HEP)
 HYDROLOGY

Contents

1. GENERAL .......................................................................................................................... 1

2. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY ........................................................................................ 1

3. HYDROLOGICAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS............................................................ 1

4. BASIN CHARACTERISTICS .......................................................................................... 1

4.1 River System ..................................................................................................................... 1

4.2 Catchment Area ................................................................................................................ 2

5. CLIMATE............................................................................................................................ 3

6. Precipitation ....................................................................................................................... 3

6.1 Rainfall................................................................................................................................ 3

6.2 Water Availability Studies ................................................................................................ 3

7. ANALYSIS OF DESIGN FLOODS ................................................................................. 4

7.1 General............................................................................................................................... 4

7.2 Hydro-Meteorological Approach (Unit Hydrograph Method) ...................................... 4

7.2.1 Equivalent slope of the river upto project site .............................................................. 5

7.2.2 Physiographic Parameters .............................................................................................. 6

7.2.3 Parameters of Synthetic U. G. ........................................................................................ 6

7.2.4 Design Storm Depth ......................................................................................................... 7

7.2.5 Design storm duration (TD) ............................................................................................. 8

7.2.6 Factors and Coefficients .................................................................................................. 8

7.2.7 Design loss rate ................................................................................................................ 9

7.2.8 Design Base Flow ............................................................................................................. 9

7.2.9 Critical Sequence of Rainfall Excess ............................................................................. 9

7.2.10 Convolution ........................................................................................................................ 9

7.2.11 Computation of Unit Hydrograph .................................................................................... 9

7.3 Empirical Approach ........................................................................................................ 15

8. RESULTS OF DESIGN FLOOD................................................................................... 16

 HYDROLOGY

9. RATING CURVE AT DIVERSION SITE...................................................................... 17

9.1 Longitudinal Section of the Longest Stream (L) ......................................................... 17

9.2 Rugosity Coefficient ....................................................................................................... 17

9.3 Cross-Section at Trench Weir....................................................................................... 18

9.4 Calculations for Rating Curve ....................................................................................... 18

9.5 Rating Curve and Equation ........................................................................................... 20

10. POWER POTENTIAL STUDIES .................................................................................. 20

10.1 Parameters adopted for PPS ........................................................................................ 20

10.2 10-Daily Discharge (Cumec) of Tlwang Dam Site (CA: 925 km2) ........................... 21

10.3 Derived 10-Daily Discharge (Cumec) at Serlui-A (CA: 24 km2) ..................................... 22

10.4 Flow Volume (MCM) in Serlui-A Catchment ..................................................................... 23

10.5 Unrestricted Power Generation (MW) at Serlui-A HEP ............................................ 25

10.6 Unrestricted Energy Generation (MU) at Serlui-A HEP................................................... 26

10.7 Dependability (Dependable Year –Descending Order) ............................................ 27

10.8 Discharge Data of 50% and 75% Dependable Year ................................................. 28

10.9 Power Potential Study for 75% Dependable Year ........................................................... 29

10.10 Power Potential Study for 50% Dependable Year ......................................................... 32

10.11 Differential Incremental Table for both Dependable Year............................................. 34

10.12 Resultant Curves for 75% Dependable Year ............................................................. 35

10.13 Resultant Curves for 50% Dependable Year ............................................................. 37

 HYDROLOGY

1. GENERAL

The Serlui-A MHP is located in the State of Mizoram which is a land locked state in the
Himalayas. Mizoram is bordered by Myanmar (Burma) to the east and south and
Bangladesh to the west and by the states of Tripura to the northwest, Assam to the north,
and Manipur to the northeast. The capital of the state is Aizawl.

The proposed location is located on the river Serlui-A which is a tributary of Tlawng.
Serlui-A is also known as ‘Vailui’. Serlui-A river is approximately 7-8 kilometers long which
flows from Lungleng Village (Aizawl District, Mizoram) towards Maubawk locality (Aizawl
District, Mizoram) where it merges with the river Tlawng. This river was used to generate
1MW Serlui-A hydroelectric power station.

2. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The proposed study aims to assess the various hydrological parameters for analysing the
Serlui-A MHP.

 To assess the water availability and to carry out simulation studies for estimation of
power potential.
 To determine the maximum floods corresponding to different probabilities capacity
so as to ensure safe passage of flood.

3. HYDROLOGICAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

This study of hydrology has been adopted for the analysis of the Serlui-A HEP. For the
analysing this hydrological study following parameters have been worked out:

1) Design flood at the Diversion Weir

2) Rating Curve at the Diversion Weir
3) Power Potential Studies of the Project

4. BASIN CHARACTERISTICS

4.1 River System

The river Serlui-A drains a catchment area of about 24 sq. km. As there is no gauge &
discharge site located at the diversion site of Serlui-A, the observed flow data from 2010 to
2016 at Diversion Weir has been considered for evolving flow series. The integrated 10 –
daily series at Serlui-A Diversion site as developed using Tlwang Dam Site Discharge Data
has been utilized for Power Potential Studies.

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4.2 Catchment Area

The entire catchment is rain fed. The catchment area map upto proposed diversion site is
shown in Figure-1. The Diversion site of Serlui-A HEP is located at 23° 42' 6.08" N, 92° 40'
36.80" E. The catchment area of Serlui-A up to the project site is 24 sq. km. The length of
Serlui-A from origin to the proposed diversion site is about 8.38 km with average slope of 1
in 12.80.

Figure 1: Catchment area of Serlui-A

PHYSIOGRAPHY
Except a narrow belt in the Northern part whole of Mizoram state is a plateau and is
characterized by great diversities in relief. The plateau is marked by highly dissected and
irregular terrain with steep and regular slopes.

Due to wide variation in the altitude along with varied physiography, there are variations in
climate. The Tropic of cancer passes through the middle of Mizoram and therefore the
climate of the state is neither very cold in winter nor very hot in summer. The average

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winter temperatures range between 11 °C to 21 °C whereas in summer temperatures range

between 20 °C to 30 °C.

The state has thick bamboo forests. The agriculture is practiced in terraced fields on the hill
slopes in the valleys.

The river at the diversion site flows in a deep gorge and the banks on either side rise steeply.
The areas of water conductor system, power house, tailrace etc., are all in hilly terrain.

5. CLIMATE

Mizoram State is subject to vagaries of monsoon. The climate varies with altitude. The
average annual rainfall is about 2547 mm. Winter temperature ranges from 11° C to 21° C
and in summer it ranges from 20° C to 30° C.

6. PRECIPITATION

6.1 Rainfall

The state of Mizoram is influenced by South West monsoon and the North West winter
winds Monsoon rainfall occurs during the period of May to September. The various areas in
the State of Mizoram receives an average annual normal rainfall of about 2000 mm. The
Dhaleshwari river catchment receives an average normal rainfall of 3135 mm.

6.2 Water Availability Studies

The river Barak is the second biggest river of the North East region. It rises in the Northern
hills of Manipur and flows in a South Westerly direction and in the lower reaches it takes a
sharp turn towards North. For considerable distance it forms the boundary between the
States of Assam and Manipur and after reaching the Bangladesh Border, the river bifurcates
into two branches known as the Kusiyara and the Surma. The major tributaries of the Barak
are Irang, Makru, Jiri, Chiri, Sonai, Tlawng(Dhaleswari), Madhura, Ghargna, Sinjuri, Singla,
Longai and the Tuivai. The total length of Barak river from its source to the confluence with
the old stream of Bharahmaputra near Bhariah Bazar in Bangladesh is 350 km. The
catchment of Barak basin is surrounded by North Cachar hills in the North, Manipur hills in
the East, Lushai hills in the South and by Sylhet, Khasi and Jaintia hills in the West. The total
catchment area of river Barak is 25086 sq. km. upto Indo-Bangladesh border. The Barak
basin in India lies approximately between longitudes 92° E to 94° E and latitude 23° N to
25° N and lies in the States of Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Assam.

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Figure 2: Location of Components of Serlui-A HEP

7. ANALYSIS OF DESIGN FLOODS

7.1 General

The design flood and highest flood level are very much essential for fixing the water way
and foundation depths of any hydraulic structure. For a diversion structure, 100-year design
flood or standard project flood value is considered for hydraulic design and for storage
projects, probable maximum flood or 10000 year return period flood should be considered
based on following methods.

a) Hydro-meteorological approach (unit hydrograph method).

b) Empirical approach

7.2 Hydro-Meteorological Approach (Unit Hydrograph Method)

CWC in association with IMD and MOST has prepared Flood Estimation Reports for small
and medium catchments for efficient hydro meteorological homogeneous sub-zones. As the
Flood Estimation Report for the project area falling in sub zone 2c is yet to be brought out by

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CWC, the Report for the adjoining Sub Zone 2b has been adopted. Accordingly the present
flood studies are based on “Flood Estimation Report for South Brahmaputra Basin Sub Zone
2b ( 1984)” of CWC. However design flood studies for 100, 50 & 25 year return periods could
not be carried out using hydro-meteorological approach as the Isohyetal maps for 100 year,
50 year, 25 year return periods for subzone 2(c) is yet to be published by IMD.

The relationships below are recommended to estimate the parameters of 1-hour synthetic
unit graph for an ungauged catchment with known physiographic parameters A, L, Lc and S
for catchment areas below 5000 Km2. For calculation of Lc (centroid distance), a cardboard
template has been cut out in the shape of sub catchment areas of Serlui-A river and is hung
freely using plumb bob and thread. Three axial lines were drawn by hanging cardboard in
three different directions. The point of intersection of these three lines gives the centroid of
the sub-catchment area. A point on the river which is nearest to centroid is considered and
the distance from that point to the project site is measured which gives the Lc. For
calculation of equivalent slope, the L-section of the river is broadly divided into different
segments and the slope is calculated using the formula given below:
( + )
=

7.2.1 Equivalent slope of the river upto project site

Parameters Abbr. Units

Equivalent slope of the river upto project site. S m/Km

Elevations of river bed at ith intersection point of contours D(i-1) m

reckoned from the bed elevation at points of interest considered
Di
as datum and D (i-1) and Di are the heights of successive bed
location at contour intersections.

Length of the longest stream L km

Length of ith segment in km. Li km

S. No. Reduced Li ei Di Di+Di-1 Li*(Di+Di-

Distance (km) (m) (m) (m) 1 )
(km) (km-m)
1 0 0 308 0 0 0
2 0.75 0.75 380 72 72 54
3 1.5 0.75 550 242 314 235.5
4 2.25 0.75 597 289 531 398.25
5 3 0.75 613 305 594 445.5

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S. No. Reduced Li ei Di Di+Di-1 Li*(Di+Di-

Distance (km) (m) (m) (m) 1 )
(km) (km-m)
6 3.75 0.75 626 318 623 467.25
7 4.5 0.75 653 345 663 497.25
8 5.25 0.75 694 386 731 548.25
9 6 0.75 722 414 800 600
10 6.75 0.75 738 430 844 633
11 7.5 0.75 785 477 907 680.25
12 8.25 0.75 870 562 1039 779.25
13 8.38 0.13 877 569 1131 147.03
Total 8.38 5485.53
S = 78.1143 m/km

7.2.2 Physiographic Parameters

S. Parameters Abbr. Units Value
No.

1 Catchment Area A Sq.km. 24

2 Length of the longest stream L km 8.38

3 Length of longest stream from a point opposite LC km 3.1

to C.G. of catchment to a point of study

4 Equivalent stream slope S m/km 78.11

7.2.3 Parameters of Synthetic U. G.

S. Relationship Units Values Roundup Values

No. Taken

1 Qp = 0.905 (A)0.758 cumec 10.07

2 qp = Qp / A cumec/km2 0.42

3 tp = 2.87 (qp)– 0.839 hrs 5.95

4 W50 = 2.304 (qp)– 1.035 hrs 5.66 5.7

5 W75 = 1.339 (qp)– 0.978 hrs 1.97 2.00

6 WR50 = 0.814(qp)– 1.018 hrs 3.13 3.2

7 WR75 = 0.494 (qp)– 0.966 hrs 1.14 1.10

8 Tb = 2.447 (tp)1.157 hrs 19.26 20.00

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9 Q = qp x A cumec 66.67

Time for Peak, Tm = tp + tr / 2 hours

Parameters Abbr. Units

Time from the centre of effective rainfall duration to the U. G. tp Hours

peak

Length of longest main stream along the river course L Kilometres

Length of longer main stream from a point opposite to centroid Lc Kilometres

of the catchment area to the gauging site along the main stream

Equivalent stream slope S m/Km

Peak discharge of unit hydrograph per unit area in qp Cumecs per Km2

Width of U. G. measured at 50% of peak discharge ordinates W50 Hours

Width of U. G. measured at 75% of peak discharge ordinates W75 Hours

Width of rising limb of UG measured at 50% of peak discharge WR50 Hours

ordinates

Width of rising limb of UG measured at 75% of peak discharge WR75 Hours

ordinates

Peak discharge of unit hydrograph Qp Cumecs

Unit duration Tm Hours

Total direct runoff from the catchment corresponding to 1 cm depth of rainfall is given by

=
0.36

7.2.4 Design Storm Depth

In absence of specific design storm studies in Serlui-A catchment, the design storm depth
values as assessed from Plate 8, Plate 9 and Plate 10 of CWC Flood Estimate Report of South
Brahmaputra Subzone-2(b).

Coordinates of the Diversion Structure of the Serlui-A: 23° 42' 6.08" N, 92° 40' 36.80" E

Parameters Plate Values Units

25 Year 24-Hour Rainfall 8 36 mm

50 Year 24-Hour Rainfall 9 38 mm

100 Year 24-Hour Rainfall 10 40 mm

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7.2.5 Design storm duration (TD)

The adopted design storm duration is 16 hours.

7.2.6 Factors and Coefficients

1) Ratio of 24-Hrs Point Rainfall to Short Duration Rainfall
2) Aerial Reduction Factors (%) for Point to Areal Rainfall
3) Recommended Increase in Design Discharge
4) Time Distribution Coefficients (Percentage) of Cumulative Hourly Rainfall

1) Ratio of 24-Hrs Point Rainfall to Short Duration Rainfall

Duration Ratio 24-Hrs to Short Duration

(hrs)
1.2 y = -0.001x2 + 0.0459x + 0.4702
1 0.48 R² = 0.9834
3 0.62
Ratio

6 0.74 0.7
9 0.81
12 0.87 0.2
15 0.91 0 5 10 15 20 25
18 0.95 Duration (Hrs)
24 1

y = -0.001x2 + 0.0459x + 0.4702

For x = TD = 16 hrs

y = Ratio = 0.95

2) Aerial Reduction Factors (%) for Point to Areal Rainfall

CA (km2) 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 2000
Duration (hrs.) Aerial Reduction Factors (%)
1 100 93.75 88 83 78.5 74.5 71
3 100 94.25 90 86 82 78.5 75.5 72.25 69.5 66.75 64.5
6 100 95.5 91.75 89 85.5 82.5 80 77.25 75.5 73 71.25
12 100 97 94.5 92 90 88.5 87.5 86 85 84 83 81.5 79.5 78 77 76 75
24 100 98 96.5 95.25 94 93 92 91.5 90.5 89.5 88.5 87.25 85.5 84.5 83.75 83 82.25 81.5 80.5 79.5 77.5

For TD = 16 hrs

Aerial Reduction Factor Adopted= 0.85

3) Recommended Increase in Design Discharge

S. No. Catchment Area Increase in Design Discharge

1 Upto 500 sq. km. 30 % to 25 % decreasing with increase in area
2 500 to 5000 sq. km. 25 % to 20 % decreasing with increase in area
3 5000 to 25000 sq. km. 20 % to 10 % decreasing with increase in area
4 Above 25000 sq. km. upto 10 %

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4) Time Distribution Coefficients (Percentage) of Cumulative Hourly Rainfall

Hrs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
1 100 86 75 65 58 54 45 40 38 36 34 32 26 25 23 21 20 19 17 16 15 14 13 12
2 100 94 85 79 73 66 63 59 56 53 51 43 41 40 38 37 35 31 29 28 27 26 24
3 100 95 90 85 78 74 71 68 65 63 56 54 52 51 48 47 41 39 37 36 35 34
4 100 96 92 87 83 80 77 74 72 64 62 61 59 57 55 50 48 46 45 43 42
5 100 96 92 89 86 83 80 78 70 68 66 64 62 61 57 55 53 52 50 49
6 100 97 94 91 88 85 83 76 74 72 70 68 66 63 61 60 58 57 55
7 100 97 95 92 89 87 82 80 77 75 73 71 68 66 65 64 62 60
8 100 98 95 92 90 87 85 82 80 78 76 72 70 69 68 66 64
9 100 98 96 94 90 88 85 83 81 80 75 74 73 71 69 68
10 100 98 96 94 92 90 87 85 83 80 77 76 74 73 71
11 100 98 96 94 92 90 88 85 83 80 79 77 76 75
12 100 98 97 95 93 91 89 87 84 83 81 80 77
13 100 99 97 95 93 92 89 87 85 83 82 80
14 100 99 97 95 93 91 90 88 86 85 83
15 100 99 97 95 94 92 90 89 87 86
16 100 99 97 95 94 92 91 89 88
17 100 99 97 96 95 94 92 90
18 100 99 97 96 95 93 92
19 100 99 98 97 95 94
20 100 99 98 97 96
21 100 99 98 97
22 100 99 98
23 100 99
24 100

7.2.7 Design loss rate

Direct surface runoff is the end product of storm rainfall after infiltration into surface soils,
sub-surface and ground water besides abstraction like evaporation. A design loss rate of 0.1
cm/hr. has been adopted as recommended in Sub zone –2b Report.

7.2.8 Design Base Flow

A base flow rate of 0.05 cumecs / sq. km. has been adopted Flood as recommended in
Estimation Report for South Brahmaputra Basin Sub Zone 2 (b)

Design base flow (Qb) = 0.05 A = 1.2 cumec

7.2.9 Critical Sequence of Rainfall Excess

The critical sequence of rainfall excesses are based on arranging rainfall excess increments

after matching with U. G. ordinates.

7.2.10 Convolution
In convolution the U. G. ordinates at unit duration interval are multiplied by each of the
rainfall excess ordinates of the design hyetograph and these are added by lagging one hour
duration at a time.

7.2.11 Computation of Unit Hydrograph

Using the basic physiographic parameters, an unit hydrograph is plotted and its volume is
calculated and adjusted to 1 cm. While adjusting the hydrograph the volumes QP, Tm and TB
are not changed. The design flood hydrographs have been computed after the rainfall excess
increments have been arranged in a critical sequence (after matching with U. G. ordinates)
and reversed and convoluted. The base flow is added to the ordinates of the surface flow
hydrograph to obtain total flood hydrograph.

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1) Computation of 100 year flood

i) Applying Factor on Rainfall

Design Storm Depth = 400 mm

Ratio of 24-Hrs Point Rainfall to Short Duration Rainfall = 0.95

Aerial Reduction Factors (%) for Point to Areal Rainfall = 85 %

Point Rainfall after applying factor = 323 mm

= 32.3 cm

ii) Applying Time Distribution Coefficient

Eff.
Storm Rainfall
Duration Distribution Loss per hr. Rainfall
Rainfall Increments
(hrs.) Coefficient (cm/hr.) increments
(cm) (cm)
(cm)
1 0.21 6.78 6.78 0.24 6.54
2 0.38 12.27 5.49 0.24 5.25
3 0.51 16.47 4.20 0.24 3.96
4 0.59 19.06 2.58 0.24 2.34
5 0.64 20.67 1.62 0.24 1.38
6 0.7 22.61 1.94 0.24 1.70
7 0.75 24.23 1.62 0.24 1.38
8 0.8 25.84 1.62 0.24 1.38
9 0.83 26.81 0.97 0.24 0.73
10 0.87 28.10 1.29 0.24 1.05
11 0.9 29.07 0.97 0.24 0.73
12 0.93 30.04 0.97 0.24 0.73
13 0.95 30.69 0.65 0.24 0.41
14 0.97 31.33 0.65 0.24 0.41
15 0.99 31.98 0.65 0.24 0.41
16 1 32.30 0.32 0.24 0.08
iii) Computation of Flood Peak

Duratio
U. G. ordinate 1-hr eff. Rainfall Direct runoff
n
(cumecs) (cm) (cumecs)
(hrs.)
0 0 0 0
1 0.3 0.35 0.11
2 1 0.65 0.65
3 1.8 0.65 1.17
4 3.00 1.25 3.75

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5 5.03 1.25 6.29

6 8.00 3.96 31.67
7 10.07 6.54 65.86
8 9.20 5.25 48.31
9 7.70 2.34 18.05
10 6.30 1.54 9.70
11 4.40 1.25 5.50
12 2.50 0.95 2.38
13 1.20 0.65 0.78
14 0.50 0.35 0.18
15 0.20 0.35 0.07
16 0.00 0.06 0.00
Total 194.46
Base Flow 1.2
100yr flood peak 195.66
30 % increase 58.70
Design Flood 254.36
iv) Unit Hydrograph

12

10
Discharge (cumecs)

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Time (Hours)

2) Computation of 50 year flood

v) Applying Factor on Rainfall

Design Storm Depth = 380 mm

Ratio of 24-Hrs Point Rainfall to Short Duration Rainfall = 0.95

Aerial Reduction Factors (%) for Point to Areal Rainfall = 85 %

Point Rainfall after applying factor = 306.9 mm

= 30.69 cm

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vi) Applying Time Distribution Coefficient

Eff.
Storm Rainfall
Duration Distribution Loss per hr. Rainfall
Rainfall Increments
(hrs.) Coefficient (cm/hr.) increments
(cm) (cm)
(cm)
1 0.21 6.44 6.44 0.24 6.20
2 0.38 11.66 5.22 0.24 4.98
3 0.51 15.65 3.99 0.24 3.75
4 0.59 18.10 2.45 0.24 2.21
5 0.64 19.64 1.53 0.24 1.29
6 0.7 21.48 1.84 0.24 1.60
7 0.75 23.01 1.53 0.24 1.29
8 0.8 24.55 1.53 0.24 1.29
9 0.83 25.47 0.92 0.24 0.68
10 0.87 26.70 1.23 0.24 0.99
11 0.9 27.62 0.92 0.24 0.68
12 0.93 28.54 0.92 0.24 0.68
13 0.95 29.15 0.61 0.24 0.37
14 0.97 29.76 0.61 0.24 0.37
15 0.99 30.38 0.61 0.24 0.37
16 1 30.69 0.31 0.24 0.07
vii) Computation of Flood Peak

Duration U. G. ordinate 1-hr eff. Rainfall Direct runoff

(hrs.) (cumecs) (cm) (cumecs)
0 0 0 0
1 0.3 0.35 0.11
2 1 0.65 0.65
3 1.8 0.65 1.17
4 3.00 1.25 3.75
5 5.03 1.25 6.29
6 8.00 3.75 29.99
7 10.07 6.20 62.45
8 9.20 4.98 45.78
9 7.70 2.21 17.05
10 6.30 1.54 9.70
11 4.40 1.25 5.50
12 2.50 0.95 2.38
13 1.20 0.65 0.78
14 0.50 0.35 0.18
15 0.20 0.35 0.07

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Duration U. G. ordinate 1-hr eff. Rainfall Direct runoff

(hrs.) (cumecs) (cm) (cumecs)
16 0.00 0.06 0.00
Total 185.84
Base Flow 1.2
100yr flood peak 187.04
30 % increase 1.30
Design Flood 243.16

viii) Unit Hydrograph

12

10
Discharge (cumecs)

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Time (Hours)

3) Computation of 25 year flood

ix) Applying Factor on Rainfall

Design Storm Depth = 360 mm

Ratio of 24-Hrs Point Rainfall to Short Duration Rainfall = 0.95

Aerial Reduction Factors (%) for Point to Areal Rainfall = 85 %

Point Rainfall after applying factor = 290.7 mm

= 29.07 cm

x) Applying Time Distribution Coefficient

Eff.
Storm Rainfall
Duration Distribution Loss per hr. Rainfall
Rainfall Increments
(hrs.) Coefficient (cm/hr.) increments
(cm) (cm)
(cm)
1 0.21 6.10 6.10 0.24 5.86
2 0.38 11.05 4.94 0.24 4.70
3 0.51 14.83 3.78 0.24 3.54

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Eff.
Storm Rainfall
Duration Distribution Loss per hr. Rainfall
Rainfall Increments
(hrs.) Coefficient (cm/hr.) increments
(cm) (cm)
(cm)
4 0.59 17.15 2.33 0.24 2.09
5 0.64 18.60 1.45 0.24 1.21
6 0.7 20.35 1.74 0.24 1.50
7 0.75 21.80 1.45 0.24 1.21
8 0.8 23.26 1.45 0.24 1.21
9 0.83 24.13 0.87 0.24 0.63
10 0.87 25.29 1.16 0.24 0.92
11 0.9 26.16 0.87 0.24 0.63
12 0.93 27.04 0.87 0.24 0.63
13 0.95 27.62 0.58 0.24 0.34
14 0.97 28.20 0.58 0.24 0.34
15 0.99 28.78 0.58 0.24 0.34
16 1 29.07 0.29 0.24 0.05
xi) Computation of Flood Peak
Duration U. G. ordinate 1-hr eff. Rainfall Direct runoff
(hrs.) (cumecs) (cm) (cumecs)
0 0 0 0
1 0.3 0.35 0.11
2 1 0.65 0.65
3 1.8 0.65 1.17
4 3.00 1.25 3.75
5 5.03 1.25 6.29
6 8.00 3.54 28.31
7 10.07 5.86 59.03
8 9.20 4.70 43.26
9 7.70 2.09 16.06
10 6.30 1.54 9.70
11 4.40 1.25 5.50
12 2.50 0.95 2.38
13 1.20 0.65 0.78
14 0.50 0.35 0.18
15 0.20 0.35 0.07
16 0.00 0.06 0.00
Total 177.23
Base Flow 1.2
100yr flood peak 178.43
30 % increase 1.30

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Design Flood 231.96

xii) Unit Hydrograph

12

10
Discharge (cumecs)

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Time (Hours)

7.3 Empirical Approach

S. Formula Formula in Metric Unit Abbr. Value

No. Name
1 Dicken Q = C A 3/4 C = 20
Formula

Q in Cumec; A = 24
A in km2 ;
C is 11.42 for areas with annual rainfall b/w 600
to 1250mm;
Max. Value of C is 35

Q = 216.86
2 Ryves Q = C A 3/4 C = 30
Formula Q in Cumec; A = 24
A in km2 ; Q = 249.61
C is 6.8 for areas within 80km of Coast;
C is 8.3 for areas b/w 80 and 2400km from the
Coast;
C is 10.0 for limited area near the hills
Max. Value of C is 40
3 Ali Nawaz Q = C (0.386 A) (0.925 - 1/14 log (0.386A)) C = 86
Jung Q in Cumec; A = 24
Formula A in km2 ;
C is b/w 49 and 60; Q = 91.502

15
 HYDROLOGY

S. Formula Formula in Metric Unit Abbr. Value

No. Name
Max. Value of C is 86
4 CWC Flood Q25 = 1.9194 A0.0917 L0.9965 Lc-0.5092 S 0.0917 Rt 0.3789 A = 24
Estimation Q50 = 1.1368 A0.4846 L0.8915 Lc-0.5012 S 0.054 Rt 0.6107 L = 8.38
Report for
Q100 = 0.516 A0.5226 L0.701 Lc-0.3961 S 0.0552 Rt 0.9286 Lc = 3.1
South
Brahmaputr Q25 is Design Flood for 25 yrs. return Period in S = 78.11
a Basin Sub Cumec;
Rt = 40,38,
Zone 2b ( Q50 is is Design Flood for 50 yrs. return Period in
36
1984) Cumec;
Q25 = 69.63
Q100 is is Design Flood for 100 yrs. return Period
in Cumec; Q50 = 233.52

Q100 = 301.07

8. RESULTS OF DESIGN FLOOD

Sl. No. Method Adopted Computed Design Flood (Cumecs)

1 Dicken Formula (100 yr Return Period) 216.86

2 Ryves Formula (100 yr Return Period) 249.61

3 Ali Nawaz Jung Formula (100 yr Return

91.502
Period)

4 CWC Flood Estimation Report for

South Brahmaputra Basin Sub Zone 2b (
1984)

Q25 69.63

Q50 233.52

Q100 301.07

5 Unit Hydrograph Method

Q25 231.96

Q50 243.16

Q100 254.36

16
 HYDROLOGY

9. RATING CURVE AT DIVERSION SITE

9.1 Longitudinal Section of the Longest Stream (L)

L-Section of Longest Stream of Catchment

1000
900
800
700
Elevation (m)

600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Reduced Distance (Km)

9.2 Rugosity Coefficient

S. Formula Formula in Metric Unit Abbr. Value

No. Name
1 Golubtsov n = 0.222 S0 0.33 S0 = 1/12.8
Formula
n = 0.096
(1969)
2 Bray Formula n = 0.222 S0 0.33 S0 = 1/12.8
(1979) n = 0.066

17
 HYDROLOGY

9.3 Cross-Section at Trench Weir

Cross Section at Diversion Weir

345
340
335
330
Elevation (m)

325
320
315
310
305
300
295
290
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Reduced Distance (m)

R.D. 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 266

Elevation 338 333 322 308 296 294 298 305 313 322 331 337

9.4 Calculations for Rating Curve

Elevation From Cross

Wetted Hydraulic
294m to below Sectional Q = (AR(2/3)S(1/2))/n
Sl. No. Perimeter Radius AR(2/3)
mentioned Area (Cumecs)
(m) (R=A/P) (m)
(m) (Sq.m.)

Value of ‘n’ and ‘S’ used are ‘0.066’ and ‘1 in 12.80’ respectively.
1 295 9.375 18.87 0.50 5.88 24.90
2 296 37.5 37.74 0.99 37.34 158.13
3 297 79.16 46.38 1.71 113.05 478.75
4 298 129.17 55.01 2.35 228.20 966.34
5 299 186.16 61.06 3.05 391.42 1657.53
6 300 248.8 67.06 3.71 596.27 2525.01
7 301 317.11 73.08 4.34 843.63 3572.50
8 302 391.07 79.10 4.94 1134.94 4806.12
9 303 470.68 85.12 5.53 1471.82 6232.70
10 304 555.95 91.14 6.10 1856.04 7859.74
11 305 646.87 97.15 6.66 2289.46 9695.15
12 306 743.23 97.54 7.62 2877.95 12187.23
13 307 844.79 108.34 7.80 3321.92 14067.28
14 308 951.56 113.93 8.35 3917.13 16587.83
15 309 1063.39 119.27 8.92 4572.29 19362.21

18
 HYDROLOGY

Elevation From Cross

Wetted Hydraulic
294m to below Sectional Q = (AR(2/3)S(1/2))/n
Sl. No. Perimeter Radius AR(2/3)
mentioned Area (Cumecs)
(m) (R=A/P) (m)
(m) (Sq.m.)

Value of ‘n’ and ‘S’ used are ‘0.066’ and ‘1 in 12.80’ respectively.
16 310 1180.13 124.59 9.47 5283.17 22372.56
17 311 1301.78 129.92 10.02 6050.32 25621.23
18 312 1428.34 135.25 10.56 6875.34 29114.94
19 313 1559.82 140.58 11.10 7759.64 32859.66
20 314 1696.03 145.57 11.65 8716.48 36911.58
21 315 1836.8 150.01 12.24 9757.90 41321.65
22 316 1982.14 155.56 12.74 10813.31 45790.98
23 317 2132.04 160.57 13.28 11954.99 50625.65
24 318 2286.5 165.56 13.81 13161.79 55736.08
25 319 2445.53 170.57 14.34 14432.89 61118.76
26 320 2609.13 175.56 14.86 15771.60 66787.80
27 321 2777.28 180.56 15.38 17177.18 72739.97
28 322 2950 185.56 15.90 18651.50 78983.27
29 323 3127.52 191.05 16.37 20163.63 85386.68
30 324 3310.1 196.43 16.85 21756.88 92133.59
31 325 3497.72 201.87 17.33 23420.38 99177.97
32 326 3960.4 207.30 19.10 28302.98 119854.28
33 327 3888.13 212.74 18.28 26977.51 114241.32
34 328 4090.9 227.17 18.01 28105.90 119019.69
35 329 4298.73 223.61 19.22 30848.88 130635.38
36 330 4729.55 234.48 20.17 35045.25 148405.67
37 331 4952.46 230.81 21.46 38241.23 161939.66
38 332 5180.33 245.14 21.13 39596.15 167677.30
39 333 5414.5 253.08 21.39 41727.79 176704.14
40 334 5656.33 261.04 21.67 43962.92 186169.22
41 335 5905.83 268.98 21.96 46307.88 196099.39
42 336 6163 276.93 22.25 48761.11 206488.06
43 337 6426.5 283.03 22.71 51531.08 218217.99

19
 HYDROLOGY

9.5 Rating Curve and Equation

Rating Curve
340
335
330
325
Elevations (m)

320
315
310
y = -0.0000000009x2 + 0.0003434217x + 300.4113221524
305 R² = 0.9739410317
300
295
290
0.00 50000.00 100000.00 150000.00 200000.00 250000.00
Flood (Cumec)

10. POWER POTENTIAL STUDIES

10.1 Parameters adopted for PPS

Project Name Serlui-A

Type of Turbine Francis
Full Supply Level at Forebay 298 m
Minimum Tail Water Level 160 m
Minimum Draw Down Level 295 m
Gross Head 138 m
Total Head Losses 6.9 m
Maximum Net Head 137 m
Minimum Net Head 130.1 m
Rated Head 130.1 m
Turbine Efficiency 92.00%
Generator Efficiency 98.00%
Overall Efficiency 90.16%
Initial Capacity 0.5 MW
Incremental Capacity 0.1 MW
Catchment Area 24 sq. km.
Machine Availability 95%

20
 HYDROLOGY

10.2 10-Daily Discharge (Cumec) of Tlwang Dam Site (CA: 925 km2)

Non Leap Yr.

Leap Year

Average
Month

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16
Days

Days

10 10 54.08 60.60 64.88 22.46 18.27 41.94 43.71

JUN
10 10 66.00 73.95 79.18 27.41 22.30 51.18 53.34
10 10 75.47 84.57 90.55 31.35 25.50 58.53 61.00
10 10 64.80 141.69 45.33 49.02 65.17 46.08 68.68
JUL

10 10 84.92 185.69 59.41 64.52 85.41 60.39 90.06

11 11 92.62 202.52 64.79 70.37 93.15 65.86 98.22
10 10 83.12 94.05 79.05 74.47 64.89 83.66 79.87
AUG

10 10 83.17 94.10 79.09 74.52 64.92 83.71 79.92

11 11 82.42 93.25 78.37 73.84 64.34 82.95 79.20
10 10 110.06 90.79 83.07 45.53 146.80 81.65 92.98
SEP

10 10 92.33 76.17 69.69 38.20 123.16 68.51 78.01

10 10 86.51 71.37 65.30 35.79 115.39 64.19 73.09
10 10 119.73 34.03 13.96 52.62 33.21 76.76 55.05
OCT

10 10 71.98 20.46 8.39 31.64 19.96 46.15 33.10

11 11 62.19 17.68 7.25 27.33 17.25 39.88 28.60
10 10 22.16 24.20 15.95 13.02 17.24 17.14 18.29
NOV

10 10 21.28 23.24 15.32 12.50 16.56 16.46 17.56

10 10 19.12 20.88 13.76 11.23 14.88 14.79 15.78
10 10 6.87 7.49 4.95 4.04 5.35 5.32 5.67
DEC

10 10 6.57 7.16 4.74 3.86 5.11 5.09 5.42

11 11 6.12 6.67 4.41 3.60 4.76 4.74 5.05
10 10 5.22 3.43 2.80 3.71 3.69 5.12 4.00
JAN

10 10 5.10 3.35 2.73 3.63 3.60 5.00 3.90

11 11 5.26 3.46 2.82 3.74 3.72 5.16 4.03
10 10 4.19 2.75 2.24 2.98 2.96 4.14 3.21
FEB

10 10 4.19 2.76 2.25 2.99 2.97 4.15 3.22

8 9 4.31 2.84 2.31 3.07 3.05 4.26 3.31
10 10 4.79 3.17 2.58 3.42 3.40 4.73 3.68
MAR

10 10 5.09 3.36 2.74 3.63 3.60 5.02 3.91

11 11 6.25 4.13 3.37 4.46 4.43 6.17 4.80

21
 HYDROLOGY

Non Leap Yr.

Leap Year

Average
Month

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16
Days

Days
10 10 5.70 3.77 3.07 4.08 4.04 5.63 4.38

APR
10 10 7.63 5.04 4.10 5.46 5.41 7.54 5.86
10 10 10.02 6.62 5.39 7.16 7.10 9.90 7.70
10 10 35.59 23.45 19.14 25.37 25.22 35.10 27.31
MAY

10 10 37.06 24.42 19.94 26.42 26.27 36.55 28.44

11 11 48.48 31.95 26.08 34.56 34.36 47.81 37.21
Average 41.68 43.20 29.14 25.06 32.15 33.37

10.3 Derived 10-Daily Discharge (Cumec) at Serlui-A (CA: 24 km2)

Ratio of CA for Derivation: 24/925 = 0.02595

Leap Year

Non Leap
Yr. Days

Average
2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16
Month
Days

10 10 1.40 1.57 1.68 0.58 0.47 1.09 1.13

JUN

10 10 1.71 1.92 2.05 0.71 0.58 1.33 1.38

10 10 1.96 2.19 2.35 0.81 0.66 1.52 1.58
10 10 1.68 3.68 1.18 1.27 1.69 1.20 1.78
JUL

10 10 2.20 4.82 1.54 1.67 2.22 1.57 2.34

11 11 2.40 5.25 1.68 1.83 2.42 1.71 2.55
10 10 2.16 2.44 2.05 1.93 1.68 2.17 2.07
AUG

10 10 2.16 2.44 2.05 1.93 1.68 2.17 2.07

11 11 2.14 2.42 2.03 1.92 1.67 2.15 2.05
10 10 2.86 2.36 2.16 1.18 3.81 2.12 2.41
SEP

10 10 2.40 1.98 1.81 0.99 3.20 1.78 2.02

10 10 2.24 1.85 1.69 0.93 2.99 1.67 1.90
10 10 3.11 0.88 0.36 1.37 0.86 1.99 1.43
OCT

10 10 1.87 0.53 0.22 0.82 0.52 1.20 0.86

11 11 1.61 0.46 0.19 0.71 0.45 1.03 0.74
10 10 0.57 0.63 0.41 0.34 0.45 0.44 0.47
NOV

10 10 0.55 0.60 0.40 0.32 0.43 0.43 0.46

10 10 0.50 0.54 0.36 0.29 0.39 0.38 0.41

22
 HYDROLOGY

Leap Year

Non Leap
Yr. Days

Average
2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16
Month
Days

10 10 0.18 0.19 0.13 0.10 0.14 0.14 0.15

DEC
10 10 0.17 0.19 0.12 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.14
11 11 0.16 0.17 0.11 0.09 0.12 0.12 0.13
10 10 JAN 0.14 0.09 0.07 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.10
10 10 0.13 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.13 0.10
11 11 0.14 0.09 0.07 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.10
10 10 0.11 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.11 0.08
FEB

10 10 0.11 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.11 0.08

8 9 0.11 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.11 0.09
10 10 0.12 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.12 0.10
MAR

10 10 0.13 0.09 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.13 0.10

11 11 0.16 0.11 0.09 0.12 0.11 0.16 0.12
10 10 0.15 0.10 0.08 0.11 0.10 0.15 0.11
APR

10 10 0.20 0.13 0.11 0.14 0.14 0.20 0.15

10 10 0.26 0.17 0.14 0.19 0.18 0.26 0.20
10 10 0.92 0.61 0.50 0.66 0.65 0.91 0.71
MAY

10 10 0.96 0.63 0.52 0.69 0.68 0.95 0.74

11 11 1.26 0.83 0.68 0.90 0.89 1.24 0.97
Average 1.08 1.12 0.76 0.65 0.83 0.87

10.4 Flow Volume (MCM) in Serlui-A Catchment

Leap Year

Non Leap
Yr. Days

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16
Month
Days

Sum

10 10 1.21 1.36 1.45 0.50 0.41 0.94 5.87

JUN

10 10 1.48 1.66 1.78 0.61 0.50 1.15 7.18

10 10 1.69 1.90 2.03 0.70 0.57 1.31 8.20
10 10 1.45 3.18 1.02 1.10 1.46 1.03 9.24
JUL

10 10 1.90 4.16 1.33 1.45 1.91 1.35 12.10

11 11 2.08 4.54 1.45 1.58 2.09 1.48 13.22
10 10 1.86 2.11 1.77 1.67 1.45 1.88 10.74
AU
G

10 10 1.86 2.11 1.77 1.67 1.46 1.88 10.75

23
 HYDROLOGY

Leap Year

Non Leap
Yr. Days

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16
Month
Days

Sum
11 11 1.85 2.09 1.76 1.66 1.44 1.86 10.66
10 10 2.47 2.04 1.86 1.02 3.29 1.83 12.51

SEP
10 10 2.07 1.71 1.56 0.86 2.76 1.54 10.50
10 10 1.94 1.60 1.46 0.80 2.59 1.44 9.83
10 10 2.68 0.76 0.31 1.18 0.74 1.72 7.39
OCT

10 10 1.61 0.46 0.19 0.71 0.45 1.03 4.45

11 11 1.39 0.40 0.16 0.61 0.39 0.89 3.84
10 10 0.50 0.54 0.36 0.29 0.39 0.38 2.46
NOV

10 10 0.48 0.52 0.34 0.28 0.37 0.37 2.36

10 10 0.43 0.47 0.31 0.25 0.33 0.33 2.12
10 10 0.15 0.17 0.11 0.09 0.12 0.12 0.76
DEC

10 10 0.15 0.16 0.11 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.73

11 11 0.14 0.15 0.10 0.08 0.11 0.11 0.69
10 10 0.12 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.11 0.53
JAN

10 10 0.11 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.11 0.52

11 11 0.12 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.12 0.54
10 10 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.43
FEB

10 10 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.43

8 9 0.10 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.10 0.45
10 10 0.11 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.11 0.51
MAR

10 10 0.11 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.11 0.52

11 11 0.14 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.14 0.65
10 10 0.13 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.13 0.59
APR

10 10 0.17 0.11 0.09 0.12 0.12 0.17 0.78

10 10 0.22 0.15 0.12 0.16 0.16 0.22 1.03
10 10 0.80 0.53 0.43 0.57 0.57 0.79 3.69
MAY

10 10 0.83 0.55 0.45 0.59 0.59 0.82 3.83

11 11 1.09 0.72 0.58 0.77 0.77 1.07 5.00
Sum 33.62 34.89 23.50 20.21 25.95 26.93

24
 HYDROLOGY

10.5 Unrestricted Power Generation (MW) at Serlui-A HEP

Month 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1.61 1.81 1.94 0.67 0.55 1.25

JUN 1.97 2.21 2.36 0.82 0.67 1.53
2.25 2.52 2.70 0.94 0.76 1.75
1.93 4.23 1.35 1.46 1.95 1.38
JUL 2.54 5.54 1.77 1.93 2.55 1.80
2.77 6.05 1.93 2.10 2.78 1.97
2.48 2.81 2.36 2.22 1.94 2.50
AUG 2.48 2.81 2.36 2.22 1.94 2.50
2.46 2.78 2.34 2.20 1.92 2.48
3.29 2.71 2.48 1.36 4.38 2.44
SEP 2.76 2.27 2.08 1.14 3.68 2.05
2.58 2.13 1.95 1.07 3.45 1.92
3.57 1.02 0.42 1.57 0.99 2.29
OCT 2.15 0.61 0.25 0.94 0.60 1.38
1.86 0.53 0.22 0.82 0.52 1.19
0.66 0.72 0.48 0.39 0.51 0.51
NOV 0.64 0.69 0.46 0.37 0.49 0.49
0.57 0.62 0.41 0.34 0.44 0.44
0.21 0.22 0.15 0.12 0.16 0.16
DEC 0.20 0.21 0.14 0.12 0.15 0.15
0.18 0.20 0.13 0.11 0.14 0.14
0.16 0.10 0.08 0.11 0.11 0.15
JAN 0.15 0.10 0.08 0.11 0.11 0.15
0.16 0.10 0.08 0.11 0.11 0.15
0.13 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.12
FEB 0.13 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.12
0.13 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.13
0.14 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.14
MAR 0.15 0.10 0.08 0.11 0.11 0.15
0.19 0.12 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.18
0.17 0.11 0.09 0.12 0.12 0.17
APR 0.23 0.15 0.12 0.16 0.16 0.23
0.30 0.20 0.16 0.21 0.21 0.30

25
 HYDROLOGY

Month 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16

1.06 0.70 0.57 0.76 0.75 1.05

MAY 1.11 0.73 0.60 0.79 0.78 1.09
1.45 0.95 0.78 1.03 1.03 1.43

10.6 Unrestricted Energy Generation (MU) at Serlui-A HEP

Leap Year Days

Non Leap Yr.

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16
Month
Days

10 10 0.39 0.43 0.46 0.16 0.13 0.30

JUN

10 10 0.47 0.53 0.57 0.20 0.16 0.37

10 10 0.54 0.61 0.65 0.22 0.18 0.42
10 10 0.46 1.02 0.32 0.35 0.47 0.33
JUL

10 10 0.61 1.33 0.43 0.46 0.61 0.43

11 11 0.73 1.60 0.51 0.55 0.73 0.52
10 10 0.60 0.67 0.57 0.53 0.46 0.60
AUG

10 10 0.60 0.67 0.57 0.53 0.47 0.60

11 11 0.65 0.73 0.62 0.58 0.51 0.65
10 10 0.79 0.65 0.60 0.33 1.05 0.59
SEP

10 10 0.66 0.55 0.50 0.27 0.88 0.49

10 10 0.62 0.51 0.47 0.26 0.83 0.46
10 10 0.86 0.24 0.10 0.38 0.24 0.55
OCT

10 10 0.52 0.15 0.06 0.23 0.14 0.33

11 11 0.49 0.14 0.06 0.22 0.14 0.31
10 10 0.16 0.17 0.11 0.09 0.12 0.12
NOV

10 10 0.15 0.17 0.11 0.09 0.12 0.12

10 10 0.14 0.15 0.10 0.08 0.11 0.11
10 10 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.04
DEC

10 10 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04

11 11 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04
10 10 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04
JAN

10 10 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04

11 11 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04

26
 HYDROLOGY

Leap Year Days

Non Leap Yr.

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

2013-14

2014-15

2015-16
Month
Days
10 10 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03

FEB
10 10 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03
8 9 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02
10 10 MAR 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03
10 10 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04
11 11 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.05
10 10 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04
APR

10 10 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05

10 10 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.07
10 10 0.26 0.17 0.14 0.18 0.18 0.25
MAY

10 10 0.27 0.17 0.14 0.19 0.19 0.26

11 11 0.38 0.25 0.21 0.27 0.27 0.38
Sum of Monsoon
9.88 10.43 6.96 5.92 7.64 7.84
(May to Oct)
Non-Monsoon
1.08 0.97 0.69 0.70 0.81 0.94
(Nov to Apr)
Total Energy 10.96 11.40 7.65 6.61 8.45 8.78

10.7 Dependability (Dependable Year –Descending Order)

Unrestricted Probability of
Rank Year Remarks
Energy(MU) Exceedance
1 2010-11 10.96 14.29
2 2011-12 11.40 28.57
3 2012-13 7.65 42.86
4 2013-14 6.61 57.14 50% Dependable Year
5 2014-15 8.45 71.43
6 2015-16 8.78 85.71 75% Dependable Year

27
 HYDROLOGY

10.8 Discharge Data of 50% and 75% Dependable Year

S. No. of 50% Dependable Year 75% Dependable Year Percentage

No. Days 2013-14 2015-16 Exceedance
1 10 0.58 1.09 3%
2 20 0.71 1.33 5%
3 30 0.81 1.52 8%
4 40 1.27 1.20 11%
5 50 1.67 1.57 14%
6 61 1.83 1.71 16%
7 71 1.93 2.17 19%
8 81 1.93 2.17 22%
9 92 1.92 2.15 24%
10 102 1.18 2.12 27%
11 112 0.99 1.78 30%
12 122 0.93 1.67 32%
13 132 1.37 1.99 35%
14 142 0.82 1.20 38%
15 153 0.71 1.03 41%
16 163 0.34 0.44 43%
17 173 0.32 0.43 46%
18 183 0.29 0.38 49%
19 193 0.10 0.14 51%
20 203 0.10 0.13 54%
21 214 0.09 0.12 57%
22 224 0.10 0.13 59%
23 234 0.09 0.13 62%
24 245 0.10 0.13 65%
25 255 0.08 0.11 68%
26 265 0.08 0.11 70%
27 273 0.08 0.11 73%
28 283 0.09 0.12 76%
29 293 0.09 0.13 78%
30 304 0.12 0.16 81%
31 314 0.11 0.15 84%
32 324 0.14 0.20 86%
33 334 0.19 0.26 89%
34 344 0.66 0.91 92%
35 354 0.69 0.95 95%
36 365 0.90 1.24 97%

28
 HYDROLOGY

10.9 Flow Duration Curves

A) Natural Discharge Duration

2.50
50 %

2.00

1.50
DISCHARGE→

1.00

0.50

0.00
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
DAYS→

B) Descending Discharge Duration

4
50 %
3.5

2.5
DISCHARGE→

1.5

0.5

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
DAYS→

29
 HYDROLOGY

10.10 Power Potential Study for 75% Dependable Year

For: 0.5 MW For: 0.6 MW For: 0.7 MW For: 0.8 MW

Env. Deduction
Discharge after
Env. Release
No. of Days

Discharge
2015-16
Month

Energy

Energy

Energy

Energy
Power

Power

Power

Power
(MW)

(MW)

(MW)

(MW)
(MU)

(MU)

(MU)

(MU)
10 1.09 0.92 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.80 0.19
JUN

10 1.33 1.13 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.80 0.19
10 1.52 1.29 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.80 0.19
10 1.20 1.02 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.80 0.19
JUL

10 1.57 1.33 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.80 0.19
11 1.71 1.45 0.50 0.13 0.60 0.16 0.70 0.18 0.80 0.21
10 2.17 1.85 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.80 0.19
AUG

15 %

10 2.17 1.85 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.80 0.19
11 2.15 1.83 0.50 0.13 0.60 0.16 0.70 0.18 0.80 0.21
10 2.12 1.80 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.80 0.19
SEP

10 1.78 1.51 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.80 0.19
10 1.67 1.42 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.80 0.19
10 1.99 1.69 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.80 0.19
OCT

10 1.20 1.02 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.80 0.19
11 1.03 0.88 0.50 0.13 0.60 0.16 0.70 0.18 0.80 0.21
10 0.44 0.40 0.46 0.11 0.46 0.11 0.46 0.11 0.46 0.11
NOV

10 0.43 0.38 0.44 0.11 0.44 0.11 0.44 0.11 0.44 0.11
10 0.38 0.35 0.40 0.10 0.40 0.10 0.40 0.10 0.40 0.10
10 0.14 0.12 0.14 0.03 0.14 0.03 0.14 0.03 0.14 0.03
DEC

10 0.13 0.12 0.14 0.03 0.14 0.03 0.14 0.03 0.14 0.03
11 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03
10 0.13 0.12 0.14 0.03 0.14 0.03 0.14 0.03 0.14 0.03
JAN

10 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03
11 0.13 0.12 0.14 0.04 0.14 0.04 0.14 0.04 0.14 0.04
10%

10 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.03
FEB

10 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.03
8 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.02 0.11 0.02 0.11 0.02 0.11 0.02
10 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03
MAR

10 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03
11 0.16 0.14 0.17 0.04 0.17 0.04 0.17 0.04 0.17 0.04
10 0.15 0.13 0.15 0.04 0.15 0.04 0.15 0.04 0.15 0.04
APR

10 0.20 0.18 0.20 0.05 0.20 0.05 0.20 0.05 0.20 0.05
10 0.26 0.23 0.27 0.06 0.27 0.06 0.27 0.06 0.27 0.06
10 0.91 0.77 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.80 0.19
MAY

15%

10 0.95 0.81 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.80 0.19
11 1.24 1.05 0.50 0.13 0.60 0.16 0.70 0.18 0.80 0.21
Total Generation (MU) 3.05 3.50 3.94 4.38
Net Annual Energy (MU) 2.90 3.32 3.74 4.16
Absolute Generation (MU) 4.38 5.256 6.132 7.008
P.L.F. (%) 69.7 66.5 64.2 62.48
Req. Discharge (Cumec) 0.43 0.52 0.61 0.7

30
 HYDROLOGY

For: 0.9 MW For: 1.0 MW For: 1.1 MW For: 1.2 MW

Env. Deduction
Discharge after
Env. Release
No. of Days

Discharge
2015-16
Month

Energy

Energy

Energy

Energy
Power

Power

Power

Power
(MW)

(MW)

(MW)

(MW)
(MU)

(MU)

(MU)

(MU)
10 1.09 0.92 0.90 0.22 1.00 0.24 1.06 0.26 1.06 0.26
JUN

10 1.33 1.13 0.90 0.22 1.00 0.24 1.10 0.26 1.20 0.29
10 1.52 1.29 0.90 0.22 1.00 0.24 1.10 0.26 1.20 0.29
10 1.20 1.02 0.90 0.22 1.00 0.24 1.10 0.26 1.17 0.28
JUL

10 1.57 1.33 0.90 0.22 1.00 0.24 1.10 0.26 1.20 0.29
11 1.71 1.45 0.90 0.24 1.00 0.26 1.10 0.29 1.20 0.32
10 2.17 1.85 0.90 0.22 1.00 0.24 1.10 0.26 1.20 0.29
AUG

15 %

10 2.17 1.85 0.90 0.22 1.00 0.24 1.10 0.26 1.20 0.29
11 2.15 1.83 0.90 0.24 1.00 0.26 1.10 0.29 1.20 0.32
10 2.12 1.80 0.90 0.22 1.00 0.24 1.10 0.26 1.20 0.29
SEP

10 1.78 1.51 0.90 0.22 1.00 0.24 1.10 0.26 1.20 0.29
10 1.67 1.42 0.90 0.22 1.00 0.24 1.10 0.26 1.20 0.29
10 1.99 1.69 0.90 0.22 1.00 0.24 1.10 0.26 1.20 0.29
OCT

10 1.20 1.02 0.90 0.22 1.00 0.24 1.10 0.26 1.17 0.28
11 1.03 0.88 0.90 0.24 1.00 0.26 1.01 0.27 1.01 0.27
10 0.44 0.40 0.46 0.11 0.46 0.11 0.46 0.11 0.46 0.11
NOV

10 0.43 0.38 0.44 0.11 0.44 0.11 0.44 0.11 0.44 0.11
10 0.38 0.35 0.40 0.10 0.40 0.10 0.40 0.10 0.40 0.10
10 0.14 0.12 0.14 0.03 0.14 0.03 0.14 0.03 0.14 0.03
DEC

10 0.13 0.12 0.14 0.03 0.14 0.03 0.14 0.03 0.14 0.03
11 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03
10 0.13 0.12 0.14 0.03 0.14 0.03 0.14 0.03 0.14 0.03
JAN

10 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03
11 0.13 0.12 0.14 0.04 0.14 0.04 0.14 0.04 0.14 0.04
10%

10 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.03
FEB

10 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.03
8 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.02 0.11 0.02 0.11 0.02 0.11 0.02
10 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03
MAR

10 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03 0.13 0.03
11 0.16 0.14 0.17 0.04 0.17 0.04 0.17 0.04 0.17 0.04
10 0.15 0.13 0.15 0.04 0.15 0.04 0.15 0.04 0.15 0.04
APR

10 0.20 0.18 0.20 0.05 0.20 0.05 0.20 0.05 0.20 0.05
10 0.26 0.23 0.27 0.06 0.27 0.06 0.27 0.06 0.27 0.06
10 0.91 0.77 0.89 0.21 0.89 0.21 0.89 0.21 0.89 0.21
MAY

15%

10 0.95 0.81 0.90 0.22 0.93 0.22 0.93 0.22 0.93 0.22
11 1.24 1.05 0.90 0.24 1.00 0.26 1.10 0.29 1.20 0.32
Total Generation (MU) 3.05 3.50 3.94 4.38
Net Annual Energy (MU) 4.58 4.96 5.30 5.61
Absolute Generation (MU) 7.884 8.76 9.636 10.512
P.L.F. (%) 61.11 59.57 57.91 56.21
Req. Discharge (Cumec) 0.78 0.87 0.96 1.04

31
 HYDROLOGY

10.11 Power Potential Study for 50% Dependable Year

For: 0.5 MW For: 0.6 MW For: 0.7 MW For: 0.8 MW

Env. Deduction
Discharge after
Env. Release
No. of Days

Discharge
2013-14
Month

Energy

Energy

Energy

Energy
Power

Power

Power

Power
(MW)

(MW)

(MW)

(MW)
(MU)

(MU)

(MU)

(MU)
10 0.58 0.50 0.50 0.12 0.57 0.14 0.57 0.14 0.57 0.14
JUN

10 0.71 0.60 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.70 0.17
10 0.81 0.69 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.80 0.19
10 1.27 1.08 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.80 0.19
JUL

10 1.67 1.42 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.80 0.19
11 1.83 1.55 0.50 0.13 0.60 0.16 0.70 0.18 0.80 0.21
10 1.93 1.64 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.80 0.19
AUG

15 %

10 1.93 1.64 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.80 0.19
11 1.92 1.63 0.50 0.13 0.60 0.16 0.70 0.18 0.80 0.21
10 1.18 1.00 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.80 0.19
SEP

10 0.99 0.84 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.80 0.19
10 0.93 0.79 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.80 0.19
10 1.37 1.16 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.80 0.19
OCT

10 0.82 0.70 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.70 0.17 0.80 0.19
11 0.71 0.60 0.50 0.13 0.60 0.16 0.69 0.18 0.69 0.18
10 0.34 0.30 0.35 0.08 0.35 0.08 0.35 0.08 0.35 0.08
NOV

10 0.32 0.29 0.34 0.08 0.34 0.08 0.34 0.08 0.34 0.08
10 0.29 0.26 0.30 0.07 0.30 0.07 0.30 0.07 0.30 0.07
10 0.10 0.09 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.03
DEC

10 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.02
11 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.03 0.10 0.03 0.10 0.03 0.10 0.03
10 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.02
JAN

10 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.02
11 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.03 0.10 0.03 0.10 0.03 0.10 0.03
10%

10 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.02
FEB

10 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.02
8 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.02
10 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.02 0.09 0.02 0.09 0.02 0.09 0.02
MAR

10 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.02
11 0.12 0.10 0.12 0.03 0.12 0.03 0.12 0.03 0.12 0.03
10 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.03
APR

10 0.14 0.13 0.15 0.04 0.15 0.04 0.15 0.04 0.15 0.04
10 0.19 0.17 0.19 0.05 0.19 0.05 0.19 0.05 0.19 0.05
10 0.66 0.56 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.64 0.15 0.64 0.15
MAY

15%

10 0.69 0.58 0.50 0.12 0.60 0.14 0.67 0.16 0.67 0.16
11 0.90 0.76 0.50 0.13 0.60 0.16 0.70 0.18 0.80 0.21
Total Generation (MU) 2.83 3.27 3.66 3.98
Net Annual Energy (MU) 2.69 3.11 3.48 3.78
Absolute Generation (MU) 4.38 5.256 6.132 7.008
P.L.F. (%) 64.71 62.19 59.74 56.81
Req. Discharge (Cumec) 0.43 0.52 0.61 0.7

32
 HYDROLOGY

For: 0.9 MW For: 1.0 MW For: 1.1 MW For: 1.2 MW

Env. Deduction
Discharge after
Env. Release
No. of Days

Discharge
2015-16
Month

Energy

Energy

Energy

Energy
Power

Power

Power

Power
(MW)

(MW)

(MW)

(MW)
(MU)

(MU)

(MU)

(MU)
10 0.58 0.50 0.57 0.14 0.57 0.14 0.57 0.14 0.57 0.14
JUN

10 0.71 0.60 0.70 0.17 0.70 0.17 0.70 0.17 0.70 0.17
10 0.81 0.69 0.80 0.19 0.80 0.19 0.80 0.19 0.80 0.19
10 1.27 1.08 0.90 0.22 1.00 0.24 1.10 0.26 1.20 0.29
JUL

10 1.67 1.42 0.90 0.22 1.00 0.24 1.10 0.26 1.20 0.29
11 1.83 1.55 0.90 0.24 1.00 0.26 1.10 0.29 1.20 0.32
10 1.93 1.64 0.90 0.22 1.00 0.24 1.10 0.26 1.20 0.29
AUG

15 %

10 1.93 1.64 0.90 0.22 1.00 0.24 1.10 0.26 1.20 0.29
11 1.92 1.63 0.90 0.24 1.00 0.26 1.10 0.29 1.20 0.32
10 1.18 1.00 0.90 0.22 1.00 0.24 1.10 0.26 1.16 0.28
SEP

10 0.99 0.84 0.90 0.22 0.97 0.23 0.97 0.23 0.97 0.23
10 0.93 0.79 0.90 0.22 0.91 0.22 0.91 0.22 0.91 0.22
10 1.37 1.16 0.90 0.22 1.00 0.24 1.10 0.26 1.20 0.29
OCT

10 0.82 0.70 0.80 0.19 0.80 0.19 0.80 0.19 0.80 0.19
11 0.71 0.60 0.69 0.18 0.69 0.18 0.69 0.18 0.69 0.18
10 0.34 0.30 0.35 0.08 0.35 0.08 0.35 0.08 0.35 0.08
NOV

10 0.32 0.29 0.34 0.08 0.34 0.08 0.34 0.08 0.34 0.08
10 0.29 0.26 0.30 0.07 0.30 0.07 0.30 0.07 0.30 0.07
10 0.10 0.09 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.03
DEC

10 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.02
11 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.03 0.10 0.03 0.10 0.03 0.10 0.03
10 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.02
JAN

10 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.02
11 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.03 0.10 0.03 0.10 0.03 0.10 0.03
10%

10 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.02
FEB

10 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.02
8 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.02 0.08 0.02
10 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.02 0.09 0.02 0.09 0.02 0.09 0.02
MAR

10 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.02 0.10 0.02
11 0.12 0.10 0.12 0.03 0.12 0.03 0.12 0.03 0.12 0.03
10 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.03 0.11 0.03
APR

10 0.14 0.13 0.15 0.04 0.15 0.04 0.15 0.04 0.15 0.04
10 0.19 0.17 0.19 0.05 0.19 0.05 0.19 0.05 0.19 0.05
10 0.66 0.56 0.64 0.15 0.64 0.15 0.64 0.15 0.64 0.15
MAY

15%

10 0.69 0.58 0.67 0.16 0.67 0.16 0.67 0.16 0.67 0.16
11 0.90 0.76 0.88 0.23 0.88 0.23 0.88 0.23 0.88 0.23
Total Generation (MU) 4.25 4.46 4.66 4.85
Net Annual Energy (MU) 4.03 4.24 4.43 4.60
Absolute Generation (MU) 7.884 8.76 9.636 10.512
P.L.F. (%) 53.87 50.94 48.35 46.09
Req. Discharge (Cumec) 0.78 0.87 0.96 1.04

33
 HYDROLOGY

10.12 Differential Incremental Table for both Dependable Year

For 75% Dependable Year with 95% Plant availability

Installed
Net Energy Lean Flow Load Potential
Capacity ΔMW (ΔMU) ΔMU/ΔMW PLF (%)
(MU) Factor (%) Exploited
(MW)
0.5 Base 2.90 26.49% 69.72% 72.07%
0.6 0.1 3.32 0.42 4.20 22.08% 66.50% 74.72%
0.7 0.1 3.74 0.42 4.20 18.92% 64.20% 77.15%
0.8 0.1 4.16 0.42 4.20 16.56% 62.48% 79.49%
0.9 0.1 4.58 0.42 4.17 14.72% 61.11% 81.75%
1 0.1 4.96 0.38 3.80 13.25% 59.57% 83.60%
1.1 0.1 5.30 0.34 3.44 12.04% 57.91% 85.39%
1.2 0.1 5.61 0.31 3.12 11.04% 56.21% 87.20%

For 50% Dependable Year with 95% Plant availability

Installed
Net Energy Lean Flow Load Potential
Capacity ΔMW (ΔMU) ΔMU/ΔMW PLF (%)
(MU) Factor (%) Exploited
(MW)
0.5 Base 2.69 26.49% 69.72% 72.07%
0.6 0.1 3.11 0.41 4.13 22.08% 66.50% 74.72%
0.7 0.1 3.48 0.37 3.75 18.92% 64.20% 77.15%
0.8 0.1 3.78 0.30 3.02 16.56% 62.48% 79.49%
0.9 0.1 4.03 0.25 2.53 14.72% 61.11% 81.75%
1 0.1 4.24 0.20 2.05 13.25% 59.57% 83.60%
1.1 0.1 4.43 0.19 1.87 12.04% 57.91% 85.39%
1.2 0.1 4.60 0.18 1.77 11.04% 56.21% 87.20%

34
 HYDROLOGY

10.13 Resultant Curves for 75% Dependable Year

A) Curve b/w Incremental Capacity and Incremental Energy

0.45

0.40

0.35

0.30

0.25
ΔMU→

0.20

0.15

0.10

0.05

0.00
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3
INSTALLED CAPACITY in MW→

B) Curve b/w Installed Capacity and Energy Available

6.00

5.50

5.00
ENERGY AVAILABLE (MU)→

4.50

4.00

3.50

3.00

2.50

2.00
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3
INSTALLED CAPACITY in MW→

35
 HYDROLOGY

C) Curve b/w Incremental Capacity and Incremental Energy

71%

69%

67%

65%
LOAD FACTOR(%)→

63%

61%

59%

57%

55%
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3
INSTALLED CAPACITY in MW→

D) Curve b/w Incremental Capacity and Ratio of Incremental Energy & Incremental
Capacity

4.50

4.00

3.50

3.00
ΔMU/ΔMW→

2.50

2.00

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
INSTALLED CAPACITY in MW→

36
 HYDROLOGY

10.14 Resultant Curves for 50% Dependable Year

A) Curve b/w Incremental Capacity and Incremental Energy

0.45

0.40

0.35
ΔMU→

0.30

0.25

0.20

0.15
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3
INSTALLED CAPACITY in MW→

B) Curve b/w Installed Capacity and Energy Available

4.90

4.40
ENERGY AVAILABLE (MU)→

3.90

3.40

2.90

2.40
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3
INSTALLED CAPACITY in MW→

37
 HYDROLOGY

C) Curve b/w Incremental Capacity and Incremental Energy

71%

69%

67%

65%
LOAD FACTOR(%)→

63%

61%

59%

57%

55%
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3
INSTALLED CAPACITY in MW→

D) Curve b/w Incremental Capacity and Ratio of Incremental Energy & Incremental
Capacity

4.50

4.00

3.50

3.00
ΔMU/ΔMW→

2.50

2.00

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
INSTALLED CAPACITY in MW→

38