Narration/Speech

Narration ২ প্রকার।

1. Direct Narration-প্রত্যক্ষ উক্তি

2. Indirect Narration-পর োক্ষ উক্তি

1. Direct Narration: বিো উক্তি বিো নিরে হুবহু প্রকোশ ক রে ত্োরক Direct Narration বরে।

Example: Matt said to Erica, “You are a small girl”.

উপর বোকযটিরত্ Matt নিরে কথো নিরে বেরে ত্োই এিো Direct Speech. একটি Direct
speech এ দুটি অংশ থোরক
i. Reporting speech এবং
ii. Reported speech.

i r
Example: The teacher said to the student, “What is your future plan?”

S
a l
The teacher said to the student, হে Reporting speech. এবং এ said হে Reporting
verb এবং “What is your future plan?” হে Reported speech.

y s
2.Indirect Narration: বিো কথো যখি স োসন উনিত্ িো হরে পর োক্ষ ভোরব উনিত্ হে ত্োরক
Indirect speech বরে।

F o
যযমিঃ He told me that I was a brilliant student.

এই বোরকয বিো কথোরক পর োক্ষ ভোরব প্রকোশ ক ো হরেরে। ত্োই এিো Indirect speech.

Direct যথরক Indirect narration এ রুপোন্ত ক ো সমে Person change ক রত্ হে।

i. Reported speech এ subject 1st person হরে Reporting

Speech এ Subject অিুযোেী পন বত্তি হরব।
ii. Reported speech এ subject 2nd person হরে Reporting
Speech এ Object অিুযোেী পন বত্তি হরব।
iii. Reported speech এ Subject 3rd person হরে যকোরিো পন বত্তি হরব িো।

স্থানভেভে Pronoun এর বিবেন্ন রুপ:

Nominative Objective Possessive
1st Person change
I me my
We us our
nd
2 Person change
You you your
rd
3 Person change
He him his
She her her
 They them their
It it its

Direct - Indirect ক রত্ Tense পন বত্তি ক রত্ হে।

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

Present Indefinite Past Indefinite
Present Continuous (am/is/are) Past Continuous (was/were)
Present Perfect (have/has) Past Perfect (had)
Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
Past Indefinite Past Perfect
Past Continuous Past perfect Continuous
Past Perfect অপন বত্তিীে
Past Perfect Continuous অপন বত্তিীে

খুি সহভে Tense পবরির্তভনর বনয়ম:

S
Comei r go

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

a l Ago
Now
before
then
V1
V2
V2
had + V3
y s Hence
Hither
thence
thither
am/is/are
was/were
have/has
had+V3 F owas/were
had been
had
had+V3
Thus
Today
Tonight
so
that day
that night
shall/will would the next day/ the
can could Tomorrow following day
may might Next week/
must had to or must month/ the following week/
should should have + V3 year....... month/ year...
would would Last day/ the previous day/
night/ month/ night/ month/
could could
year.... year....
might might
Yesterday the previous day
Reporting verb যনদ Past
Tense এ থোরক, ত্রব Indirect 👉বোরকয যেণীনবভোগ অিুযোেী Narration এ
Speech এ Direct রুপোন্ত । There are five types of Narration
Speech এ নিকিবত্ী শব্দরক দূ বত্ী শরব্দ পন according to the meaning of the sentence.
বত্তি ক রত্ হে।
01. Assertive sentence
Direct Speech Indirect Speech 02. Interrogative sentence
This that 03. Imperative sentence
04. Optative sentence
These those 05. Exclamatory sentence
Here there
 Assertive sentence এর Narration change
Rule:-1. Reporting Verb এ said এ পন বরত্ত told বসরব।
 Reporting verb এ Object+ Inverted comma উরে নগরে Conjunction that বরস

Structure:- That+ subject + verb + object+ ext. (Person ও tense পন বত্তি ক রত্ হে।)

Direct: The poor man said to me, “I am very hungry.”

Indirect: The poor man told me that he was very hungry.

 Reporting verb এ প object িো থোকরে said অপন বনত্তত্ থোরক।

Direct: My friend said, “I am in danger”

Indirect: My friend said that he was in danger.

Direct: He said, “You did the work.”

Indirect: He said that I had done the work.

S i r
negative বরস।
a l
 Yes এ পন বরত্ত Replied in the affirmative বরস এবং No এ পন বরত্ত Replied in the

y s
👉নিেম- Reporting speech এ Subject + replied in the affirmative/ negative.

F o
👉নকন্তু, Yes/ No এ প অনত্ন ি বিবয থোকরে replied in the affirmative/ negative এ প and
said that নেরখ বোনকিো যশষ ক রত্ হে।

Direct: Matt said, “Yes, I have done it.”

Indirect: Matt replied in the affirmative and said that he had done it.

👉বোকযটি নি ন্তি সত্য, অভযোসগত্ সত্য, ববজ্ঞোনিক সত্য হরে Tense এ যকোি পন বত্তি হরব িো।

Direct: The teacher said to me, “Honesty is the best policy.”

Indirect: The teacher told me that honesty is the best policy.

👉যনদ RV Present and Future হে ত্োহরে R.S এ যকোি পন বত্তি হরব িো।

Direct: He says to me, “I am ill.”

Indirect: He says to me that he is ill.

Interrogative Sentence এর Narration Change

1. Reporting verb পন বত্তি হরে asked হে.

2. Reported speech যনদ auxiliary verb দ্বো ো শুরু হে ত্োহরে inverted comma (“ ”)
উরে if/whether বরস.
3. Reported speech Wh-word দ্বো ো শুরু হে ত্োহরে inverted comma (“ ”) উরে wh-word
ই বরস.Sentence টি interrogative এ পন বরত্ত assertive sentence এ রূপোন্তন ত্ হে.

i. Direct: He told me, “Will you help my dad?”

Indirect: He asked me if I would help his dad.

ii. Direct: He told me, “When will you help my dad?”

Indirect: He asked me when I would help his dad.

4. Interrogative sentence যক direct যথরক Indirect ক ো সমে যো যো ক িীেঃ

5. Reporting speech এ Sub+ asked+ reporting speech এ Obj+ Wh/If+ Sub+ verb+ obj +
ext (Person ও tense পন বত্তি ক রত্ হে।Subject এ আরগ do/ does/did থোকরে ত্ো উরে যোে।)

i. Direct: The teacher said to me, “Have you completed your homework?”
Indirect: The teacher asked me if I had completed my homework.

ii. Direct: He said to me, “Did you go there?”

Indirect: He asked me if I had gone there.
S i r
a l
iii. Direct: My father said to me, “what do you want?’

s
Indirect: My father asked me what I wanted.

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F o
Imperative sentence এর Narration Change
Reported Speech Reporting Verb

আরদশ/নিরদতশ Ordered
নিরষধ For bade (Positive হরব)
উপরদশ advised
অিুর োধ requested
প্রস্তোব Proposed to
সোমন কআরদশ commanded
অিযোি told/said/suggested

 inverted comma (“ ”) উরে নগরে to বরস।

i. Direct: He told me, “Help me.”

Indirect: He requested me to help him.

ii. Direct: He told me, “Do not do this.”

Indirect: He ordered me not to do that.
Or He forbade me to do that.

iii. Direct: Moni said to me, “Open the window.”

Indirect: Moni order me to open the window
4. Reporting speech এ Sub+ ordered/ advised/ requested/ forbade
(নকেু িো বুঝরে told বযবহো ক ো যোরব।) + Reporting speech এ Obj+ to/not
ত (Person পন বত্তি ক রত্ হে।Please দ্বো ো শুরু হরে Please উরে যোরব।
to+ মূে verb যথরক যশষ পযন্ত।

i. Direct: Father said to me, “Memorize it now.”

Indirect: Father ordered me to memorize it then.

ii. Direct: The teacher said to the student, “Always speak the truth.”
Indirect: The teacher advised the student to always speak the truth.

iii. Direct: He said to me, “Please, do it now.”

Indirect: He requested me to do it then.

iv. Direct: Mother said to me, “Don`t run in the sun.”

Indirect: Mother forbade me to run in the sun.

S i r
5. Imperative sentence টি Let us/ let’s দ্বো ো শুরু হরে নিরে নিেরম ক রত্ হরব: R.V এ Sub+
proposed to/ suggested to + R.V এ Obj+that+Sub+should +মূে verb এ present form +
object + ext. (subject নহরসরব we/they/ you হরব।) এখোরি প্রস্তোব অথ প্রকোশ
ত পোে।

a
Direct: Matt said to me, “Let us go out for a walk.”
l
s
Indirect: Matt proposed to me that we should go out for a walk.

y
o
বকন্তু, Let এ প us িো যথরক অিযনকেু যযমি- Let me/ him/ her/ them/
you..... থোকরে নিরে নিেরম ক রত্ হরব: প্রস্তোব িো হরে

F
6. Reporting speech এ Sub+ told+ Reporting speech এ Obj+ that+ Sub + might/ might be
allowed to + মূে verb এ present form + obj+ ext.

7. Let যুি sentenceযক direct যথরক indirect ক ো সমে যো যো ক িীে:

i. Direct: Matt said to me, “Let me learn English.”

Indirect: Matt told me that he might learn English.

ii. Direct: He said to me, “May I come in?”

Indirect: He told me that he might be allowed to go in.

7. Let যুি নদরে যনদ যকোি ইচ্ছো (wish) বো আকোঙ্ক্ষো (desire) প্রকোশ পোে ত্োহরে R.V এ wished/desired
বসরব। Let এ পন বরত্ত should বসরব।

i. Direct: Matt said to me, “Let me take two chocolate.”

Indirect: Matt wished me that he should take two chocolate.
 Optative sentence এর Narration change

Reported Speech Reporting Verb

Allah/God/ Lord Prayed
শুরভচ্ছো /সুপ্রভোত্
wished
শুভ োক্তি / নবদোে
bade

May/ Long live দ্বো ো Reported speech শুরু

1. inverted comma (“ ”) উরে নগরে that বরস। নকন্তু Reporting Speech এ object বরস িো.

2. Direct Wish দ্বো ো Reported speech শুরু হরে Reporting

verb এ প object বরস । নকন্তু inverted comma (“ ”) পন বরত্ত that বরস িো।

i. Direct: He told me, “May Allah bless you.”

S i r
Indirect: He prayed that Allah might bless me.

ii. Direct: He told me, “Good morning.”

a l
Indirect: He wished me good morning.

y s
o
3. Reporting speech এ Sub+ wished/ prayed+ that+ Sub + might+মূে verb+ obj+

F
ext. (Object বসোরত্ হরে ত্ো পূরব to/ ত
for বসোরত্ হরব । িত্ু বো object ত্ু রে নদরত্ হে। Long দ্বো ো বোকয শুরু হরে long বোরকয যশরষ বরস।)

i. Direct: Teacher said to me, “May God save you.”

Indirect: The teacher wished that God might save me.

ii. Direct: He said, “Long live our president.”

Indirect: He wished that their president might live long.
 Exclamatory sentence এর Narration Change
Reported Speech Reporting verb
সুখ Exclaimed with joy
দুঃখ Exclaimed with grief/sorrow
নবস্মে Exclaimed with wonder/surprise
ঘৃণো Exclaimed with abhorrence
অিিয Exclaimed/cried out

1. Wh-word ও অিযোিয word দ্বো ো Reported speech শুরু হরে inverted comma(“ ”) উরে
নগরে that বরস। নকন্ত Reporting speech এ Object বরস িো।

i. Direct: He told me, “Alas! I have failed again.’’

Indirect: He exclaimed with sorrow that he had failed again.

ii. Direct: They said, “Hurrah! We won the match.’’

i
Indirect: They exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.

S r
a l
2. Reporting speech এ Sub+ exclaimed with joy/wonder/sorrow/grief (নকেুই বুঝো িো যগরে
শুধুমোি exclaimed যেখো যোরব) +conjunction that+ Subject+ verb+ object + ext. (Person

great এবং Adjective এ পূরব very

ত
s
tense পন বত্তি ক রত্ হে sentence টি what/how দ্বো ো শুরু হরে ইহো পন বরত্ত noun এ পূরব ত

y
বরস।)

F o
i. Direct: He said, “What a nice bird it is!”
Indirect: He exclaimed with joy that it was a very nice bird.

ii. Direct: He said, “Alas! I am undone.”

Indirect: He exclaimed with sorrow that he was very undone.