Q1. The probablity of selecting a male or a female is same.

If the probability that in an office of n persons (n - 1) males 1 Mark

3
being selected is , the value of n is:
2 10
1. 5
2. 3
3. 10
4. 12

Ans: 4. 12
Solution:
X represents number of males.
1
p=q =
2
3
p(n− 1) =
2 10
nC n − 1q 3
n − 1p 2 10
=
1 n−1 1 n = 3
n( 2 ) ( )
2 2 10
1 n 1 3×4
n( 2 ) = 4 × 10
2
1 n 1 12
n ( 2 ) = 12 ( 2 )
⇒ n = 12

Q2. 2 3 1 ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ 1 Mark
If P(A) = , P(B) = and P(A ∩ B) = , then, P(A | B) P(B | A) is equal to
5 10 5
5
1.
6
5
2.
7
25
3.
42
4. 1

Ans: 3. 25
42
Solution:
2 3 1
P(A) = , P(B) = and P(A ∩ B) =
5 10 5
1
P(A ∩ B) =
5
1
P(A)+ P(B) − P(A ∪ B) = 5
2 3 1
+ − P(A ∪ B) =
5 10 5
1
P(A ∪ B) = 2
¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
A B P(A∩B) P(A∩B)
P ( ) P( ) =
¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
B A P(B) P(A)
¯ ¯ ¯
A B [P(A∪B) ] 2
P ( ) P( ) =
¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
B A P(B) P(A)
¯ ¯
A B [1−P(A∪B) ] 2
P ( ) P( ) =
¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
B A P(B) P(A)
 ¯ ¯ 1
A B [1− 2 ] 2
P ( ) P( ) =
¯ ¯ 7
×5
3
B A 10
¯ ¯
A B 25
P ( ) P ( ) = 42
¯ ¯
B A

Q3. Two dice are thrown. If it is known that the sun of the numbers on the dice was less than 6, than the probability 1 Mark
of gettinga sum 3, is
1
1.
18
5
2.
18
1
3.
5
2
4. 5

Ans: 3. 1
5
Solution:

{ }
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
S=
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6),
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)

n(S) = 36
Let A be the event that sum of the numbers on dice was less than 6.
A = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1)}
n(A) = 10
Let B be the event that getting sum 3.
B = {(1, 2), (2, 1)} ⇒ n(B) = 2
A ∩ B = {(1, 2), (2, 1)} ⇒ n(A ∩ B) = 2
A n(A∩B)
P ( B ) = n(B)
A 2 1
⇒ P ( B ) = 10 = 5

Q4. 7 9 4 ¯ 1 Mark
If P(A) = , P(B) = and P(A ∩ B) = . then, P(A | B) =
13 13 13
5
1.
9
4
2. 9
4
3. 13
6
4.
13

Ans: 2. 5
9
Solution:
We have,
7 9 4
P(A) = 13
, P(B) = 13
and P(A ∩ B) = 13
¯
As, P(A ∩ B) = P(B) − P(A ∩ B)
9 4
= 13
− 13
5
= 13
Now,
 ¯
¯ P(A∩B)
P(A | B) = P(B)
5
( 13 )
= 9
( 13 )
5
=
9
Hence, the correct alternative is option (a).

Q5. If A and B are two events such that A ⊂ B and P(B) ≠ 0, then which of the following is correct? 1 Mark
P(B)
1. P(A | B) = P(A)
2. P(A | B) < P(A)
3. P(A | B) ≥ P(A)
4. None of these.

Ans: A ⊂ B ⇒ A ∩ B = A P and P(B) ≠ 0

P(A∩B) P(A)
⇒ P(A | B) = =
P(B) P(B)
Since P(B) ≠ 0
P(A)
∴ <1 ⇒ P(A) < P(B) ⇒ P(A | B) ≥ P(A)
P(B)
Hence, option (C) is correct.

Q6. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
A and B are events such that P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.3 and P(A ∪ B) = 0.5, Then P(B ′ ∩ A) equals:
2
1. 3
1
2.
2
3
3.
10
1
4.
5

Ans: 4. 1
5
Solution:
Here, P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.3 and P(A ∪ B) = 0.5
∵ P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B)
⇒ P(A ∩ B) = 0.4 + 0.3 − 0.5 = 0.2
∵ P(B ′ ∩ A) = P(A) − P(A ∩ B)
1
= 0.4 − 0.2 = 0.2 =
5

Q7. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
B
If P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.8 and P ( A ) = 0.6, then P(A ∪ B) is equal to:
1. 0.24
2. 0.3
3. 0.48
4. 0.96

Ans: 4. 0.96
Solution:
Here, P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.8
B
and P ( A ) = 0.6,
B P(B∩A)
∵ P( ) =
A P(A)
B
⇒ P(B ∩ A) = P ( ) ⋅ P(A)
A
= 0.6 × 0.4 = 0.24
= 1.2 − 0.24 = 0.96

Q8. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
 Two cards are drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52 playing cards with replacement. The probability, that both
cards are queens, is:
1 1
1. 13
× 13
1 1
2. 13
× 13
1 1
3. ×
13 17
1 4
4. ×
13 15

Ans: 1. 1 13
13
× 13
Solution:
4 4
Required probability = 52
⋅ 52
1 1
= × [with replacement]
13 13

Q9. A coin is tossed 10 times. The probability of getting exactly six heads is: 1 Mark
512
1.
513
105
2.
512
100
3. 153
4. 10C
6

Ans: 2. 105
512
Solution:
1
n = 10, x = 6, p = q =
2
10C 1 10​ 105
P(X = 6) = ( )
6 2 =
512

Q10. If X follows a binomial distribution with parameter n = 8 and p = 1 1 Mark

, then P(|X− 4 | ≤ 2) equals:
2
118
1.
128
119
2. 128
117
3.
128
4. None of these

Ans: 2. 119
128
Solution:
1
n = 8,p = 2
=q
P(|X− 4 | ) ≤ 2
⇒ −2≤x−4≤2
⇒4−2≤x≤2+4
⇒2≤x≤6
P(2 ≤ x ≤ 6) = P(2)+P(3)+P(4)+P(5)+P(6)
1 1 1 1 1
2( 2 ) + 3( 2 ) + 4 ( 2 ) C5 ( 2 ) + 6(2 )
P(2 ≤ x ≤ 6) = 8C 8C 8C 8 8C
8 8 8 8 8
119
= 128

Q11. A bag contains 5 red and 3 blue balls are drawn at random without replacement, then the probability of getting 1 Mark
exactly one red ball is.
15
1.
29
15
2. 56
45
3. 196
 135
4.
392

Ans: 2. 15
56
Solution:
Total balls = 5 red + 3 blue = 8
Let R be the event of getting red ball
B be the event of getting a blue ball.
Required probability = P(BBR) + R(BRB) + P(RBB)
3 2 5 3 5 2 5 3 2
= 8
× 7
× 6
+ 8
× 7
× 6
+ 8
× 7
× 6
15
=
56

Q12. In each of the following choose the correct answer: 1 Mark

If A and B are events such that P(A | B) = P(B | A), then :
1. A ⊂ B but A ≠ B
2. A = B
3. A ∩ B = ϕ
4. P(A) = P(B)

Ans: P(A | B) = P(B | A)

P(A∩B) P(B∩A)
⇒ P(B)
= P(A)
⇒ P(A) = P(B)
Therefore, option (D) is correct.

Q13. If P(A) = 3 2 3 1 Mark

10
, P(B) = 5
and P(A ∩ B = 5,
then P(A|B) + P(B|A) equals
1
1. 4
7
2.
12
5
3.
12
1
4.
3

Ans: 2. 7
12
Solution:
3 A 2 3
P(B) =
10
,P ( B ) = 5 , P(A ∪ B) = 5
P(A ∩ B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∪ A)
3 2 3
P(A ∩ B) = + −
10 5 5
A B P(A∩B) P(A∩B)
P (B ) (A ) +P = P(B)
+ P(A)
1 1
A B
( B ) + P( A ) =
10 10
P 2
+ 3
5 10
A B 7
P ( B ) + P ( A ) = 12
Note: Option is modified.

Q14. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
The probability distribution of a discrete random variable X is given below:
X 2 3 4 5
5 7 9 11
P(X)
k k k k
The value of k is:
1. 8.
2. 16.
3. 32.
4. 48.
Ans: 3. 32.
Solution:
We know that, ∑ PX = 1
5 7 9 11
⇒ k
+ k
+ k
+ k
=1
32
⇒ =1
k
∴ k = 32

Q15. A person writes 4 letters and addresses 4 envelopes. If the letters are placed in the envelopes at random, then 1 Mark
the probability that all letters are not placed in the right envelopes, is
1
1.
4
11
2.
14
15
3.
24
23
4. 24

Ans: 4. 23
24
Soluction:
4 letter can be placed in 4 envelopes in 4! ways = 24ways
Now, there is only one method, by which all the letters are placed in the right envelope.
1
P(all letters are placed in the envelopes) =
24
P(all letters are not placed in the right envelopes) = 1 - P(all letters are placed in the right envelopes)
1 23
=1− =
24 24

Q16. ¯ 1 Mark
If A and B are two events such that P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.3 and P(A ∪ B) = 0.5, then P(B ∩ A) equals.
2
1.
3
1
2.
2
3
3.
10
1
4.
5

Ans: 4. 1
5
Solution:
P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.3 and P(A ∪ B) = 0.5
¯
P(B ∩ A) = P(A) − P(A ∩ B)
¯
P(B ∩ A) = P(A) − [P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∪ B) ]
¯
P(B ∩ A) = P(A ∪ B) − P(B)
¯
P(B ∩ A) = 0.5 − 0.3
¯
P(B ∩ A) = 0.2
¯ 1
P(B ∩ A) =
5

Q17. A fair die is thrown twenty times. The probability that on the tenth throw the fourth six appears is: 1 Mark
20 6
C 10 × 5
1.
6 20
120 × 5 7
2.
6 10
84 × 5 6
3.
6 10
4. None of these
Ans: 84 × 5 6
3.
6 10
Solution:
1
A fair die is thrown then probebility of getting 6 isp = 6
.
5
⇒q=
6
To find probability that on tenth throw 4th six appears, in the first nine throw 3 six should appear.
Required probability = P(3 six in first 9 throw) × P(a six in tenth throw)
9C 3 1 6 5 1
Required probability = 3( 6 ) ( 6 ) × 6
6
84 × 5
Required probability =
6 10

Q18. The probabilities of a student getting I, II and III division in an examination are 1 3 1 1 Mark
, and respectively. The
10 5 4
probability that the student fails in the examination is.
197
1.
200
27
2.
100
83
3.
100
4. None of these.

Ans: 2. 27
100
Solution:
1 3 1
P(A) = , P(B) = , P(C) =
10 5 4
¯ ¯ ¯
Required probability = P(A ∩ B ∩ C)
¯ ¯ ¯
Required probability = P(A) P(B) P(C)
Required probability = (1 − P(A))(1 − P(B))(1 − P(C))
1 3 1
Required probability = 1 − ( 10 )( 1−
5 )(1−
4 )
27
Required probability =
100

Q19. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. The probability of getting a pair of aces is 1 Mark
1
1. 36
1
2.
3
1
3.
6
4. None of these.

Ans: 1. 1
36
Solution:
Required probability = Probability of ace in first throw + Probability of ace in second throw
1 1 1
= 6
× 6
= 36

Q20. A random variable X has the following probability distribution: 1 Mark

X: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P(X): 0.15 0.23 0.12 0.10 0.20 0.08 0.07 0.05
Find the events E = {X : X is a prime number}, F{X : X < 4}, the probability P(E ∪ F) is:
1. 0.50
2. 0.77
3. 0.35
4. 0.87

Ans: 1. 0.77
Solution:
 P(E) = P(2) + P(3) + P(5) + P(7)
P(E) = 0.23 + 0.12 + 0.20 + 0.07
P(E) = 0.62
And
P(F) = P(1) + P(2) + P(3)
P(F) = 0.15 + 0.23 + 0.12
P(F) = 0.5
Also,
P(E ∩ F) = P(2) + P(3)
P(E ∩ F) = 0.23 + 0.12
P(E ∩ F) = 0.35
P(E ∪ F) = P(E) + P(F) − P(E ∩ F)
P(E ∪ F) = 0.62 + 0.5 − 0.35
P(E ∪ F) = 0.77

Q21. For a binomial variate X, if n = 3 and P(X = 1) = 8 P(X = 3), then p = 1 Mark
4
1.
5
1
2.
5
1
3.
3
2
4.
3

Ans:

Q22. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
7 17 A
If P(A ∩ B) =
10
, and P(B) =
20
, then P ( B ) equas:
14
1. 17
17
2.
20
7
3.
8
1
4.
8

Ans: 1. 14
17
Solution:
7 17
Here, P(A ∩ B) = and P(B) =
10 20
A P(A∩B)
∴P (B ) = P(B)
7
10 14
= 17
=
17
20

Q23. A speaks truth in 75% cases and B seaks truth in 80% cases. Probability that they contradict each other in a 1 Mark
statement, is
7
1. 20
13
2. 20
3
3. 5
2
4. 5

Ans: 1. 7
20
Soluction:
P(A speaks truth) = 0.75
P(A lies) = 1 - 0.75 = 0.25
P(B speaks truth) = 0.8
 P(B lies) = 1 - 0.8 = 0.2
P(contradicting each other in a statement) = P(A speaks truth and lies) + P(B speaks truth and A lies)
= 0.75 × 0.2 + 0.8 × 0.25
= 0.15 + 0.2
= 0.35
35 7
= =
100 20

Q24. A fair coin is tossed 99 times. If X is the number of times head appears, then P(X = r) is maximum when r is: 1 Mark
1. 49, 50
2. 50, 51
3. 51,,52
4. None of these

Ans: 1. 49, 50
Solution:
1
When a coin is tossed p = q =
2
n
⇒ P(X = r) C r × 0.5 n
Coin is tossed 99 times.
For odd number of n maximum terms at
n−1 n+1
r= and r =
2 2
n = 99 ⇒ r = 49 or 50

Q25. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
4 7 B
If P(A) =
5
, and P(A ∩ B) =
10
, then P ( A ) is equal to:
1
1.
10
1
2. 8
7
3. 8
17
4. 20

Ans: 3. 7
8
Solution:
4 7
P(A) = 5
, P(A ∩ B) = 10
B P(A∩B)
∴P (A ) = P(A)
7
10 7
= 4 = 8
5

Q26. Three integers are chosen at random from the first 20 integers. The probability that their product is even is, 1 Mark
2
1.
19
3
2.
29
17
3.
19
4
4.
19

Ans: 3. 17
19
Soluction:
Required probability that product of two integers should be even.
10 integers are odd out of first 20 integers.
Required probability = 1 - Probability of product is odd
Product of three integers is odd if two numbers are odd
10 9 8 17
Required probability = 1 − 20
× 19
× 18
= 19
Q27. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
Eight coins are tossed together. The probability of getting exactly 3 heads is:
1
1. 256
7
2.
32
5
3.
32
3
4.
32

Ans: 2. 7
32
Solution:
We know that, probaility distribution P(X = r) = nC r(P) rq n − r
1 1
Here, n = 8, r = 3, p = and q =
2 2
1 1 8! 1
∴ Reuaired probability = 8C 3 ( 2 )3( 2 )8 − 3 = 5 ! 3 ! ( 2 ) 8
8⋅7⋅6 1 7
= ⋅ =
3⋅2 28 32

Q28. Three faces of aj ordinary dice are yellow, two faces are red and one face is blue. The dice is rolled 3 times. The 1 Mark
probability that yellow red and blue face appear in the first second and third throws respectively, is
1
1.
36
1
2.
6
1
3.
30
4. None of these.

Ans: 1. 1
36
Solution:
3 1
P(yellow face) = =
6 2
2 1
P(red face) = =
6 3
1
P(one face) =
6
1 1 1 1
P(yellow face, red face and blue face appear in the required order) = 2
× 3
× 6
= 36

Q29. If P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.8 and P(B|A) = 0.6 then P(A ∪ B) = 1 Mark
1. 0.24
2. 0.3
3. 0.48
4. 0.96

Ans: 4. 0.96
Solution:
We have,
P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.8 and P(B|A) = 0.6
As, P(B|A) = 0.6
P(A∩B)
⇒ P(A)
= 0.6
⇒ P(A ∩ B) = 0.6 × P(A)
⇒ P(A ∩ B) = 0.6 × 0.4
⇒ P(A ∩ B) = 0.24
Now, P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B)
= 0.4 + 0.8 − 0.24
= 1.2 − 0.24
= 0.96
Hence, the correct alternative is option (d).
Q30. A bag contains 5 red and 3 blue balls. If 3 balls are drawn at random without replacement, then the probability
that exactly two of the three balls were red, the first ball being red, is 1 Mark
1
1. 3
4
2. 7
15
3.
28
5
4.
28

Ans: 2. 4
7
Solution:
Total number of balls = 5 red + 3 Blue = 8
Probability of getting exacctly two red balls given that first ball should be red
R 2B 2 R 1B 2
Required probability = P ( R1 ) + P( R1 )
4 3 3 4 4
Required probability = × + × =
7 6 7 6 7

Q31. In a binomial distribution, the probability of getting success is 1 1 Mark

and standard deviation is 3. Then, its mean is:
4
1. 6
2. 8
3. 12
4. 10

Ans: 3. 12
Solution:
1
p= , √npq = 3
4
3
⇒q= , npq = 9
4
9
⇒ Mean = np =
q
4
⇒ Mean = 9 × = 12
3

Q32. If A and B are two events such that A ≠ ϕ, B = ϕ, then, 1 Mark

A P(A∩B)
1. P ( B ) = P(B)
A
2. P ( B ) = P(A) P(B)
A B
3. P ( B ) = P ( A ) = 1
A P(A)
4. P ( B ) = P(B)

Ans: A P(A∩B)
1. P (B ) = P(B)
Solution:
If A and B are two events such that A ≠ ϕ, B = ϕ then,
A P(A∩B)
P (B ) = P(B)

Q33. Let A and B be two events. If P(A) = 0.2, P(B) = 0.4, P(A ∪ B) = 0.6 then P(A|B) is equal to 1 Mark
1. 0.8
2. 0.5
3. 0.3
4. 0

Ans: 4. 0
Solution:
P(A) = 0.2, P(B) = 0.4, P(A ∪ B) = 0.6
A A(A∩B)
P (B ) = P(B)
 A P(A) + P(B) − P ( A ∪ B )
⇒P (B ) = P(B)
A 0.2 + 0.4 − 0.6
⇒ P( B ) = P(B)
A
⇒ P( B ) = 0

Q34. Choose the correct answer in each of the following: 1 Mark

If P(A|B) > P(A), then which of the following is correct :
1. P(B|A) < P(B)
2. P(A ∩ B) < P(A).P(B)
3. P(B|A) > P(B)
4. P(B|A) = P(B)

Ans: P(B|A) > P(B)

P(A|B) > P(A)
P(A∩B) P(A∩B)
⇒ > P(A) ⇒ = P(B)
P(B) P(A)
⇒ P(B | A) > P(B).
(C) is correct answer.

Q35. Assume that in a family, each chold is equally likely to be a boy or a girl. A family with tree cgildren is chosen at 1 Mark
random. Tere probability that the eldest child is a girl given that the family has at least oe girl.
1
1.
2
1
2. 3
2
3.
3
4
4.
7

Ans: 4. 1
3
Solution:
S = {GBB, GGB, GBG, GGG, BGG, BGB, BBG, BBB}
Let E1 be the event that choosing a family with a girl as eldest child. E2 be the event that choosing a family with at least one girl.
E1 = {GBB, GGB, GBG, GGG}
E2 = {GBB, GGB, GBG, GGG, BGG, BGB, BBG}
n(E 1) = 4, n(E 2) = 7, n(A ∩ B) = 4
A n(A∩B) 4
⇒ P (B ) = n(B)
=
7

Q36. Out of 30 consecutive integers, 2 are chosen at random. The probability that their sum is odd, is 1 Mark
14
1.
29
16
2.
29
15
3.
29
10
4.
29

Ans: 3. 15
29
Solution:
For sum of two integers to be odd, one integer should be even and the other should be odd. In 30 consecutive integers, 15 are even
and 15 are odd.
P(Sum is odd) = P(first integer is odd and second is even) + P(first integer is even and second integer is odd)
15 15 15 15
= 30
×
29
+ 30
× 29
450
= 30 × 29
15
= 29

Q37. A random variable has the following probability distribution: 1 Mark

 X = xi 01 2 3 4 5 6 7
P(X = Xi) 0 2p 2p 3p p2 2p2 7p2 2p
1
1. 10
2. − 1
1
3. −
10
1
4.
5

Ans: 1. 1
10
Solution:
We know that the sum of probabilities in a probability distribution is always 1.
∴ P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) + P(X = 3) + P(X = 4) + P(X = 5) +P(X = 6) + P(X = 7) +P(X = 8) = 1
⇒ 0 + 2p + 2p + 3p + p2 + 2p2 + 7p2 + 2p = 1
⇒ 10p2 + 9p - 1 = 0
⇒ (10p - 1)(p + 1) = 0
1
⇒p= 10
or − 1 (Negleting -1 as the value of the probability cannot be negative)

Q38. If S is the samle space and P(A) = 1 1 Mark

, P(B) and S = A ∪ B, where A and B are tow mutually exclusive events, then
3
P(A) =
1
1.
4
1
2.
2
3
3.
4
3
4.
8

Ans: 3. 1
4
Solution:
1
P(A) = 3
P(A)
⇒ P(B) = 3P(A) . . . . . (i)
A and B are mutually exclusive events.
⇒ P(A ∩ B) = 0
Now,
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) = P(S)
⇒ P(A) + P(B) = 1
⇒ P(A) + 3P(A) = 1 [From (i)]
⇒ 4P(A) = 1
1
⇒ P(A) = 4

Q39. 3 1 4 ¯ 1 Mark
If P(B) = 5
, P(A | B) = 2
and P(A ∪ B) = 5
, then P(B | A) =
1
1. 5
3
2. 10
1
3. 2
1
4. 2

Ans: 4. 3
5
Solution:
3 A 1 4
P(B) = 5
,P (B ) = 2
, P(A ∪ B) = 5
Consider,
A 1
P (B ) = 2
 P(A∩B) 1
=
P(B) 2
P(A∩B) 1
3
= 2
5
3
P(A ∩ B) = 10
3
P(A)+ P(B) − P(A ∪ B) = 10
3 4 3
P(A)+ 5 − =
5 10
1
P(A) = 2
¯
B P(B∩A)
P ( )= ¯ ¯
A P(A)
3 3
B −
( )=
5 10
P ¯ 1
A 1− 2
B 3
P ( )= 5 ¯
A

Q40. Choose the correct answer in each of the following: 1 Mark

If A and B are any two events such that P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B) = P(A), then
1. P(B|A) = 1
2. P(A|B) = 1
3. P(B|A) = 0
4. P(A|B) = 0

Ans: P(A|B) = 1
P(A) + P(B) − P(A and B) = P(A)
P(A∩B)
⇒ P(B) = P(A ∩ B) ⇒ 1 = P(B)
= 1 = P(A|B)
∴ (B) is correct answer.

Q41. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
3 2 3 B A
If P(A) =
10
, P(B) =
5
and P(A ∪ B) =
5
, then P ( A ) + P ( B ) equas:
1
1.
4
1
2. 3
15
3.
12
7
4.
2

Ans: 4. 7
12
Solution:
3 2 3
We have, P(A) = 10
, P(B) = 5
and P(A ∪ B) = 5
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B)
3 3 2
∴ = + − P(A ∩ B)
5 10 5
1
∴ P(A ∩ B) =
10
B A P(B∩A) P(A∩B)
P (A ) (B ) +P =
P(A)
+
P(B)
1 1
10 10
= 3
+ 2
10 5
1 1 7
= 3
+ 4
= 12

Q42. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
B
P ( A ) is equal to:
1
1. 5
 3
2.
10
1
3. 2
3
4. 5

Ans: 4. 3
5
Solution:
B P(B∩A′ )
P (A ) = ′
P(A′ )
P(B) −P(B∩A)
=
1−P(A)
3 3 6−3
5
− 10 10
= 1
= 1
1− 2 2
6 3
= =
10 5

Q43. In each of the following choose the correct answer: 1 Mark

1
If P(A) = , P(B) = 0, then P(A | B) is :
2
1. 0
1
2.
2
3. not defined
4. 1

Ans: P(A) = 1
2
, P(B) = 0
∴ P(A ∩ B) = 0
P(A∩B) 0
∴ P(A | B) = P(B)
= 0
= not defined
Therefore, option (C) is correct.

Q44. Two cards are drawn from a well shuffled deck of 52 playing cards with replacement. The probability that both 1 Mark
cards are queen is
1 1
1. 13
× 13
1 1
2. 13
+ 13
1 1
3. ×
13 17
1 4
4. ×
13 5

Ans: 1. 1 1
13
× 13
Solution:
Two cards are drawn from 52 cards.
Let, E1 be the event that getting queen in first draw and E2 be the event that getting queen in second draw,
4 4 1 1
P(E 1 ∩ E 2) = × = ×
52 52 13 13

Q45. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
3 A 1 4
If P(B) =
5
,P ( B ) = 2 and P(A ∪ B) = 5 , then P(A ∪ B) ′ + P(A ′ ∪ B) =
1
1.
5
4
2.
5
1
3.
2
4. 1.

Ans: 4. 1.
Solution:
 3 A 1
We have, P(B) =
5
,P (B ) = 2
A
∴ P(A ∩ B) = P ( B ) ⋅ P(B)
1 3 3
= 2
⋅ 5
= 10
Now, P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B)
4 3 3 1
⇒ P(A) = − + =
5 5 10 2
′
∴ P(A ∪ B) = 1 − P(A ∪ B)
4 1
=1− =
5 5
And P(A ′ ∩ B) = 1 − P(A − B)
= 1 − [P(A) − P(A ∩ B) ]
1 3 4
=1− (2 −
10 ) =
5
⇒ P(A ∪ B) ′ + P(A ′ ∪ B)
1 4
= + =1
5 5

Q46. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
A bag contains 5 red and 3 blue balls. If 3 balls are drawn at random without replacement the probability of
getting exactly one red ball is:
45
1. 196
135
2.
392
15
3. 56
15
4.
29

Ans: 3. 15
56
Solution:
Probability of getting exactly one red (R) ball
= P R ⋅ P Rˉ ⋅ P Rˉ + P Rˉ ⋅ P R ⋅ P Rˉ + P Rˉ ⋅ P Rˉ ⋅ P R
5 3 2 3 5 2 3 2 5
= 8
⋅ 7
⋅ 6
+ 8
⋅ 7
⋅ 7
+ 8
⋅ 7
⋅ 6
15 15 15
= 4⋅7⋅6 4⋅7⋅6
+ + 4⋅7⋅6
5 5 5 15
= 56
+ 56
+ 56
= 56

Q47. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
3 5 3 A A'
Let A and B be two events such that P(A) =
8
, P(B) =
8
and P(A ∪ B) =
4
. Then P ( B ) ⋅ P ( B ) is equal to:
2
1. 5
3
2.
8
3
3. 20
6
4.
25

Ans: 4. 6
25
Solution:
3 5 3
We have, P(A) = 8
, P(B) = 8
and P(A ∪ B) = 4
Now P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B)
3 5 3 1
⇒ P(A ∩ B) = 8 8
+ − 4
= 4
A P(A∩B)
∵P (B ) = P(B)
1
4 2
= 5
=
5
8
 A′ P(A′ ∩B) P(B) −P(A∩B)
and P (B ) = P(B)
= P(B)
5 1
8
−4 3
= 5
= 5
8
A A′
∴P (B ) ( B ) ⋅P
2 3 6
= 5
⋅ 5
= 25

Q48. Choose the correct answer from the given four options: 1 Mark
′
A
If A and B are such events that P(A) > 0 and P(B) ≠ 1, then P ( B ) equals to:
′
A
1. 1 − P (B )
′
A
2. 1 − P ( B )
1−P(A∪B)
3.
P(B′ )
P(A′ )
4.
P(B′ )

Ans: 3. 1−P(A∪B)
P(B′ )
Solution:
We have, P(A) > 0 and P(B) ≠ 1
A′ P(A′ ∩B′ )
P (B ) = ′
P(B′ )
1−P(A∪B)
=
P(B′ )

Q49. The probability that a leap year will have 53 fridays or 53 Saturdays is. 1 Mark
2
1. 7
3
2.
7
4
3. 7
1
4.
7

Ans: 2. 3
7
Soluction:
Non-leap year has 365 days = 52 weeks + 1
366 days in leap year.
We want to find probability of 53 Fridays or 53 Saturday.
Favourable cases = {(Thursday, Friday), (Friday, Saturday), (Saturday, Sunday)}
3
Required probability = 7

Q50. 3 4 ¯ ¯ 1 Mark
If A and B are two independent events with P(A) = 5
and P(B) = 9
, then P(A ∩ B) equals,
4
1. 15
8
2. 45
1
3. 3
2
4. 9

Ans: 4. 2
9
Solution:
3 4
P(A) = 5
, P(B) = 9
 ¯ ¯ ¯
P(A ∩ B) = P(A ∪ B)
¯ ¯
P(A ∩ B) = 1 − P(A ∪ B)
¯ ¯
P(A ∩ B) = 1 − [P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B) ]
¯ ¯ 3 4 3 4
P(A ∩ B) = 1 − [5 + 9 − 5 × 9 ]
( ∵ A and B are independent)
¯ ¯ 7
P(A ∩ B) = 1 − 9
¯ ¯ 2
P(A ∩ B) =
9

Q51. A fair coin is tossed a fixed number of times. If the probability of getting seven heads is equal to that of getting 1 Mark
nine heads, the probability of getting two heads is:
15
1.
28
2
2.
15
15
3.
2 13
4. None of these

Ans: 3. 15
2 13
Solution:
Let X be the number of heads.
1 1
p= 2
⇒q= 2
…(1)
P(X = 7) = P(X = 9)
nC p 7q n − 7 = nC p 9q n − 9
7 9
n
C7 qn − 9 p9
n
= ×
C9 qn − 7 p7
n!
7! (n−7) !
n!
= q − 2p 2
9! (n−9) !
9! (n−9) ! p2
=
7! (n−7) ! q2
9×8×7! (n−9) !
7! (n−7) (n−8) (n−9) !
= 1… [ ∵ from (1) ]
9 × 8 = (n − 7)(n − 8)
Comparing both sides,
n− 7 = 9 ⇒ n = 16
⇒ P(X = 2) = 16C 2 × 0.5 2 × 0.5 14
15
⇒ P(X = 2) =
2 13

Q52. A coin is tossed three times. If events A and B are defined as A = Two heads come, B = Last should be head, Then, 1 Mark
A and B are
1. Independent.
2. Dependent.
3. Both.
4. Mutually exclusive.

Ans: 2. Dependent.
Solution:
S = [(HHH), (HHT), (HTH), (HTT), (THH), (THT), (TTH), (TTT)]
3
P(A) = P(2heads) =
8
4
P(B) = P(last one is heads) = 8
2 1
P(A ∩ B) = = ≠ P(A) P(B)
8 4
Thus, A and B are dependent.
Q53. The probability of obtaining an even prime number on each die, when a pair of dice is rolled is 1 Mark
1. 0
1
2. 3
1
3.
12
1
4.
36

Ans: When two dice are rolled, the number of outcomes is 36.
The only even prime number is 2.
Let E be the event of getting an even prime number on each die.
∴ E = {(2, 2)}
1
⇒ P(E) =
36
Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Q54. Mark the correct alternative in the following question: 1 Mark

The probability that a person is not a swimmer is 0.3. The probability that out of 5 persons 4 are swimmers is:
1. 5C 4(0.7) 4(0.3)
2. 5C 1(0.7)(0.3) 4
3. 5C 4(0.7)(0.3) 4
4. (0.7) 4(0.3)

Ans: 1. 5C 4(0.7) 4(0.3)

Solution:
Given that a person is not a swimmer ⇒ q = 0.3
⇒ p = 0.7
n = 5, X = 4
5
P(X = 4) = C 4 × 0.7 4 × 0.3

Q55. A bag containe 5 black, 4white balls and 3 red balls. if a ball is selected randomwise, the probability that it is black 1 Mark
or red ball is,
1
1.
3
1
2. 4
5
3.
12
2
4. 3

Ans: 3. 2
3
Solution:
We know that the bag contains 5B (black), 4W(white) and 3R(red) balls.
Now,
5
P(B) =
12
3
P(R) =
12
P(B or R) = P(B) + P(R)
5 3
= 12
+ 12
8 2
= =
12 3

Q56. A random variable X takes the values 0, 1, 2, 3 and its mean is 1.3. If P(X = 3) = 2P(X = 1) and P(X = 2) = 0.3, then 1 Mark
P(X = 0) is:
1. 0.1
2. 0.2
3. 0.3
4. 0.4
Ans: 4. 0.4
Solution:
Let:
P(X = 0) = m
P(X = 1) = k
Now,
P(X = 3) = 2k
xi pi pixi
0 m 0
1 k k
2 0.3 0.6
3 2k 6k
Mean = ∑ p ix i
⇒ 0 + k + 0.6 + 6k = 1.3
⇒ 7k = 1.6 - 0.6
0.7
⇒k=
7
⇒ 0.1
We know that the sum of probabilities in a probability distribution is always 1.
∴ P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 3) = 1
⇒ m + 0.1 + 0.3 + 0.2 = 1
⇒ m + 0.6 = 1
⇒ m = 0.4

Q57. From a set of 100 cards numbered 1 to 100, one card is drawn at randow. The probability number obtained on 1 Mark
the card is divisible by 6 or 8 but not by 24 is
6
1.
25
1
2. 4
1
3.
6
2
4. 6

Ans: 1. 6
25
Solution:
Number of cards divisible by 6 = 16
16
⇒ P(A) = 100
Number of cards divisible by 8 = 12
12
⇒ P(B) = 100
Number of cards divisible by 24 = 4
4
⇒ P(A ∩ B) =
100
16 12 4
P(A ∪ B) = 100
+ 100
− 100
6
P(A ∪ B) =
25

Q58. If one ball is drawn ar random from each of three boxes containing 3 white and 1 black, 2 white and 2 black, 1 1 Mark
white and 3 black balls, then the probability that 2 white and 1 black balls will be drawn is.
13
1.
32
1
2. 4
1
3.
32
3
4.
16

Ans: 1. 13
32
 Solution:
Total balls in first box = 3 white + 1 black = 4
Total balls in second box = 2 white + 2black = 4
Total balls in third box = 1white + 3black = 4
Probability of 2 white and 1 black
= P(WWB) + P(WBW) + P(BWW)
3 2 3 3 2 1 1 2 1
= × × + × × + × ×
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
18 + 6 + 2 13
= =
64 32

Q59. A and B are two events such that P(A) = 0.25 and P(B) = 0.50. The probability pf both happening together is 0.14. 1 Mark
The probability of both A and B hot happening is.
1. 0.39
2. 0.25
3. 0.11
4. None of these.

Ans: 1. 0.39
Solution:
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B)
= 0.25 + 0.5 − 0.14
0.61
P(Both A and B not happening) = P(A ∪ B) ′
= 1 − P(A ∪ B)
= 1 − 0.61
= 0.39

Q60. In each of the following, choose the correct answer: 1 Mark

In a box containing 100 bulbs, 10 are defective. The probability that out of a sample of 5 bulbs, none is defective
is
1. 10 − 1
1
2. ( 2 )5
9
3. ( 10 ) 5
9
4.
10

Ans: The repeated selections of defective bulbs from a box are Bernoulli trials. Let X denote the number of defective bulbs out of a sample
of 5 bulbs.
10 1
Probability of getting a defective bulb, p = 100
= 10
1 9
∴q=1−p=1− =
10 10
1
Clearly, X has a binomial distribution with n = 5 and p = 10

∴ P(X=x) = nC
xq
n-xp x = 5C
( ) ( )
9 5−x 1 x
x 10 10
P(none of the bulbs is defective) = P(X = 0)
9
= 5C
0( 10 )5
⋅
9
= 1 ⋅ ( 10 ) 5
9
= ( )5
10
The correct answer is C.

Q61. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
A box has 100 pens of which 10 are defective. What is the probability that out of a sample of 5 pens drawn one
by one with replacement at most one is defective?
9
1. ( 10 )5
1 9
2. 2 ( 10 )4
 1 9
2 ( 10 )
3. 5

9 1 9
4. ( 10 ) 5 + 2 ( 10 ) 4

Ans: 4. 9 1 9
( 10 ) 5 + 2 ( 10 ) 4
Solution:
10 1 9
We have, n = 5, P = = and q =
100 10 10
r < 1 ⇒ r = 0, 1
Also, P(X = r) = nC rP rq n − r
∴ P(X = r) = P(r = 0) + P(r = 1)
1 9 1 9
= 5C 0 ( 10 ) 0 ( 10 ) 5 + 5C1 ( 10 ) 1 ( 10 ) 4
9 1 9
= ( 10 ) 5 + 5 ⋅ 10 ⋅ ( 10 ) 4
9 1 9
= ( 10 ) 5 + 2 ( 10 ) 4

Q62. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
Three persons, A, B and C, fire at a target in turn, starting with A. Their probability
of hitting the target are 0.4, 0.3 and 0.2 respectively. The probability of two hits
is:
1. 0.024
2. 0.188
3. 0.336
4. 0.452

Ans: 2. 0.188
Solution:
We have
ˉ = 0.6, P(B) = 0.3, P(B)
P(A) = 0.4, P(A) ˉ = 0.7
ˉ = 0.8
P(C) = 0.2 and P(C)
∴ Probability of two hits = P A ⋅ P B ⋅ P Cˉ + P A ⋅ P Bˉ ⋅ P C + P Aˉ ⋅ P B ⋅ P C
= 0.4 × 0.3 × 0.8 + 0.4 × 0.7 × 0.2 + 0.6 × 0.3 × 0.2
= 0.096 + 0.056 + 0.036 = 0.188

Q63. If in a binomial distribution n = 4, P(X = 0) = 16 1 Mark

81
, then P(X = 4) equals:
1
1. 16
1
2. 81
1
3. 27
1
4. 8

Ans: 2. 1
81
Solution:
16
Given n = 4, P(X = 0) = 81
16
P(X = 0) = 81
5 16
C 0p 0q 4 =
81
16
q4 = 81
2 1
q= ⇒p=
3 3
1 1
4( 4 ) =
⇒ P(X = 4) = 5C 4
81

Q64. A fair die is tossed eight times. The probability that a third six is observed in the eight throw is: 1 Mark
 7
C2 × 55
1.
67
7
C2 × 55
2.
68
7
C2 × 55
3.
66
4. None of these

7
Ans: C2 × 55
2.
68
Solution:
1 5
probability of getting 6 = p = ,q =
6 6
probability of getting third six in eight throw.
= probability of getting 2 sixes in first seven throw + probability of getting six in eight throw
1 5 1
= ( 7C 2 ( 6 ) 2 ( 6 ) 5 ) ( 6 )
7
C2 × 55
=
68

Q65. If A and B are two independent events such that P(A) = 0.3 and P(A ∪ B) = 0.5, then P(A|B) - P(B|A) = 1 Mark
2
1.
7
3
2. 35
1
3. 70
1
4. 7

Ans: 3. 1
70
Solution:
We have,
P(A) = 0.3 and P(A ∪ B) = 0.5
As, A and B are independent events
So, P(A ∩ B) = P(A) × P(B)
= 0.3 × P(B)
= 0.3 P(B) . . . . . (i)
Also, P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B)
⇒ 0.5 = 0.3 + P(B) − 0.3 P(B) [Using (i)]
⇒ 0.5 − 0.3 = 0.7 P(B)
⇒ 0.7 P(B) = 0.2
0.2
⇒ P(B) = 0.7
2
⇒ P(B) = 7
Using (i), we get
2 6
P(A ∩ B) = 0.3 × 7
= 70
Now,
P(A∩B) P(A∩B)
P(A | B) − P(B | A) = −
P(B) P(A)
6 6
( 70 ) ( 70 )
= 2
−
0.3
(7 )
6×7 6
= 70 × 2
−
70 × 0.3
3 2
= −
10 7
21 − 20
= 70
1
=
70
Hence, the correct alternative is option (c).
Q66. If A and B are two events such that P(A) = 4 7
, and P(A ∩ B) = , then P(B|A) =
5 10 1 Mark
1
1. 10
1
2. 8
7
3.
8
17
4.
20

Ans: 3. 7
8
Solution:
We have,
4 7
P(A) = and P(A ∩ B) =
5 10
Now,
P(A∩B)
P(B | A) =
P(A)
7
( ) 10
= 4
(5 )
7×5
=
10 × 4
7
= 8
Hence, the correct alternative is option (c).

Q67. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
A box contains 3 orange balls, 3 green balls and 2 blue balls. Three balls are drawn at random from the box
without replacement. The probability of drawing 2 green balls and one blue ball is:
3
1. 28
2
2. 21
1
3.
28
167
4. 168

Ans: 1. 3
28
Solution:
Probability of drawing 2 green balls and one blue ball
= PG ⋅ PG ⋅ PB + PB ⋅ PG ⋅ PG + PG ⋅ PB ⋅ PG
3 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2
= 8
⋅ 7
⋅ 6
+ 8
⋅ 7
⋅ 6
+ 8
⋅ 7
⋅ 6
1 1 1 3
= + + =
28 28 28 28

Q68. Mark the correct alternative in the following question: 1 Mark

The probability of guessing correctly at least 8 out of 10 answers of a true false type examination is:
7
1.
64
7
2. 128
45
3.
1024
7
4. 41

Ans: 7
2. 128
Solution:
1
n = 10, p = q = 2
P(X ≥ 8) = P(8) + P(9) + P(10)
10 1 1 1
P(X ≥ 8) = C 8 ( 2 ) 10 + 10
C 9 ( 2 ) 10 + 10
C 10 ( 2 ) 10
 45 + 10 + 1
P(X ≥ 8) =
28
56 7
P(X ≥ 8) = 256
= 128

Q69. A and B draw two cards each, one after another, from a pack of well-shuffled pack of 52 cards. The probability 1 Mark
that all the four cards drawn are of the same suit is
44
1. 85 × 49
11
2.
85 × 49
13 × 24
3. 17 × 25 × 49
4. None of these.

Ans: 1. 44
85 × 49
Solution:
Total cards = 52 There are four suits of cards in a pack, i.e. diamond, heart, spade and club.
Pall 4 cards are of same suit = Pall 4 cards are of diamond + Pall 4 cards are of heart + Pall 4 cards are of spade + Pall 4 cards are of
club.
13 12 11 10
=4× 52
×
51
× 50
× 59
11
=4×
85 × 49
44
= 85 × 49

Q70. 1 1 1 ¯ ¯ 1 Mark
If A and B are two events such that P(A) = 2
, P(B) = 3
, P(A | B) = 4
, then P(A ∩ B) equals.
1
1. 12
3
2. 4
1
3. 4
3
4. 16

Ans: 1. 1
4
Solution:
1 1 A 1
P(A) =
2
, P(B) =
3
,P (B ) =
4
A 1
P (B ) = 4
P(A∩B) 1
=
P(B) 4
P(A∩B) 1
1
= 4
3
1
P(A ∩ B) =
12
A P(A∩B)
P (B ) = P(B)
1
A 1
(B ) =
12
⇒ P 1 = 4
3
¯ ¯ ¯
P(A ∩ B) = P(A ∪ B)
¯ ¯
P(A ∩ B) = 1 − P(A ∪ B)
¯ ¯
P(A ∩ B) = − 1 [P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B) ]
¯ ¯ 1 1 1
P(A ∩ B) = 1 − [ 2 + 3 − 12 ]
¯ ¯ 1
P(A ∩ B) = 4

Q71. A box contains 10 good articles and 6 with defects. One item is drawn at random. The probability that it is either 1 Mark
good or has a defect is,
 64
1.
64
49
2. 64
40
3. 64
24
4.
64

Ans: 1. 64
64
Solution:
10
P(good item) = 16
6
P(defected item) =
16
P(eitherr good or defected item) = P(good item) + P(defected item)
10 6
= +
16 16
16
=
16
=1
64
=
64

Q72. Fifteen coupons are numbered 1 to 15. Seven coupons are selected at random one at a time with replacement. 1 Mark
The probability that the largest number appearing on a selected coupon is 9 is:
3
1. ( 7 )7
1
2. ( 15 ) 7
8
3. ( 15 ) 7
4. None of these

Ans: 4. None of these

Solution:
The sample space = 157 for selecting seven coupons from 15 coupons.
Maximum number on selected coupon is 9 can be made by 97 ways.
A number selected on second card is less than 9 can be made by 87 ways.
97 − 87
Required probability =
15 7

Q73. Associated to a random experiment two events A and B are such that P(B) = 3 1 4 1 Mark
5
, P(A | B) = 2
and P(A ∪ B) = 5
.
The value pf P(A) is
3
1. 10
1
2.
2
1
3. 10
3
4. 5

Ans: 2. 1
2
Solution:
3 A 1 4
P(B) = 5
,P ( B ) = 2 , P(A ∪ B) = 5
A 1
P (B ) = 2
P(A∩B) 1
=
P(B) 2
P(A∩B) 1
3
= 2
5
3
P(A ∩ B) = 10
3
P(A)+ P(B) − P(A ∪ B) = 10
 3 4 3
P(A)+ − =
5 5 10
1
P(A) = 2

Q74. A flash light has 8 batteries out of which 3 are dead. IF two batteries are selected without replacement and 1 Mark
tested, then the probability that both are dead is,
3
1.
28
1
2.
14
9
3.
64
33
4. 56

Ans: 1. 3
28
Solution:
We have,
The total number of batteries = 8
The number of dead batteries = 3
Let A be the event of selecting the first dead battery and B be the event of selecting the second dead battery.
Now,
P(both dead batteries are selected) = P(A ∩ B)
= P(A) × P(B | A)
3 2
= 8
× 7
3
=
28
Hence, the correct alternative is option (a).

Q75. Choose the correct answer from the given four options: 1 Mark
7 9 4 A'
let P(A) =
13
, P(B) =
13
and P(A ∪ B) =
13
. Then P ( B ) is equal to:
6
1. 13
4
2.
13
4
3. 9
5
4.
9

Ans: 4. 5
9
Solution:
7 9 4
Here, P(A) = 13
, P(B) = 13
and P(A ∪ B) = 13
′ ′
A P(A ∩B) P(B) −P(A∩B)
∴P (B )= P(B)
= P(B)
9 4 5
13
− 13 13 5
= 9
= 9
= 9
13 13

Q76. If A and B are two independent events with P(A) = 1 1 1 Mark

3
and P(B) = 4
, then P(B'|A) is equal to:
1
1. 4
1
2. 3
3
3. 4
4. 1

Ans: 3. 3
4
Solution:
1 1 B′
P(A) = 3
, P(B) = 4
, P (A )= ?
 P(A ∩ B) = P(A) × P(B)
B′ (A∩B′ )
P (A)=P P(A)
1 3
P(B ′ ) = 1 − =
4 4
B′ P(A) × P(B ) ′
∴P (A )= P(A)
3
= P(B ′ ) =
4

Q77. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
If A and B are two events and A ≠ ϕ, B ≠ ϕ, then:
A
1. P ( B ) = P(A) ⋅ P(B)
A P(A∩B)
2. P ( B ) = P ( B )
A B
3. P ( B ) ⋅ P ( A ) = 1
A A
4. P ( B ) = P ( B )

Ans: 2. P A P(A∩B)
(B ) = P(B)
Solution:
A P(A∩B)
If A ≠ ϕ, B ≠ ϕ, then P (B ) = P(B)

Q78. If A and B are two events such that P(A | B) = p, P(A) = p, P(B) = 1 5 1 Mark
3
and P(A ∪ B) = 9
, then p =
2
1. 3
3
2.
5
1
3. 3
3
4.
4

Ans: 3. 1
3
Solution:
A 1 5
P ( B ) = p, P(A) = p, P(B) = 3 , P(A ∪ B) = 9
Consider,
A
P (B ) = p
P(A∩B)
⇒ =P
P(B)
P(A) + P(B) − P ( A ∪ B )
⇒ P(B)
=P
1 5
p+ 3 − 9
⇒ 1
=p
3
1 5 p
⇒p+ − =
3 9 3
−2 p
⇒ = −p
9 3
−2 −2
= p=
3 9
1
⇒p=
3

Q79. A biased coin with probabilty p, 0 < p < 1, of heads is tossed until a head appears for the first time. If the 1 Mark
2
probability that the number of tosses required is even is 5 , then p equals:
1
1.
3
2
2. 3
2
3. 5
 3
4.
5

Ans: 1. 1
3
Solution:
p is the probability of getting head.
q = 1 - p is the probability of getting tail.
The number of tosses required is even.
⇒ qp+q 3p+q 5p+q 7p+q 9p…
1
⇒ qp (1−q ) 2
(1−p)p
⇒
1 − ( 1 − p )2
(1−p)p
⇒
1 − ( 1 − 2p + p 2 )
1−p
⇒
2−p
1−p 2
Given =
2−p 5
1
⇒p=
3

Q80. If A and B are two events associated to a random experiment such that P(A ∩ B) = 7 17 1 Mark
and P(B) = , then
10 20
P(A|B) =
14
1.
17
17
2.
20
7
3.
8
1
4.
8

Ans: 1. 14
17
Solution:
7 17
P(A ∩ B) = − , P(B) =
10 20
A P(A∩B)
P (B ) = P(B)
7
A 14
(B ) =
10
P 17
=
17
20

Q81. If the random variable X has the following distribution: 1 Mark

X: 01 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P(X): a 3a 5a 7a 9a 11a 13a 15a 17a
then the value of a is:
7
1. 81
5
2.
81
2
3. 81
1
4. 81

Ans: 4. 1
81
Solution:
We know that the sum of probsabilities in a probability distribution is always 1.
∴ P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) + P(X = 3) + P(X = 4) + P(X = 5) + P(X = 6) + P(X = 7) + P(X = 8) = 1
⇒ a + 3a+ 5a+ 7a+ 9a + 11a + 13a + 15a + 17a = 1
⇒ 81a = 1
1
⇒a= 81
Q82. If the events A and B are independent, then P(A ∩ B) is equal to,
1. P(A) + P(B) 1 Mark
2. P(A) - P(B)
3. P(A) P(B)
P(A)
4.
P(B)

Ans: 3. P(A) P(B)

Solution:
P(A ∩ B) = P(A) P(B) for independent events.

Q83. Let X denote the number of times heads occur in n tosses of a fair coin. If P(X = 4), P(X = 5) and P(X = 6) are in AP, 1 Mark
the value of n is:
1. 7, 14
2. 10, 14
3. 12, 7
4. 14, 12

Ans: 1. 7, 14
Solution:
X denotes the number of times heads occurs.
P(X = 4),P(X = 5),P(X = 6) are in AP
⇒ 2​​P(X = 4),P(X = 5),P(X = 6)
1 5 1 n−5 1 4 1 n−4 1 6 1 n−6
⇒ 2 nC 5 ( ) ( ) = nC 4 ( ) ( ) × nC 6 ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
nC 1 n = nC 1 n + nC 1 n
⇒2 5 2( ) 4 2 ( )
6 2 ( )
⇒2 nC = nC + nC
5 4 6
2n ! n! n!
⇒ = +
5! (n−5) ! 4! (n−4) ! 6! (n−6) !
2 1 1
⇒ 5×4! (n−5) (n−6) !
= 4! (n−4) (n−5) (n−6) !
+ 6×5×4! (n−6) !
2 1 1
⇒ = +
5(n−5) (n−4) (n−5) 6×5
2 30 + ( n − 4 ) ( n − 5 )
⇒ =
5(n−5) 30 ( n − 4 ) ( n − 5 )
⇒ 12(n − 4) = 30 + (n − 4)(n − 5)
⇒ 12(n − 4) − (n − 4)(n − 5) = 30
⇒ (n − 4)(12 − n + 5) = 30
⇒ (n − 4)(17 − n) = 30
Check with options by putting value of n.
⇒ n = 7, 14

Q84. A box contains 6 nails and 10 nuts. Half of the nails and half of the nuts are rusted. If one iten is chosen ar 1 Mark
random, the probability that it is rusted or is nail is
3
1.
16
5
2.
16
11
3. 16
14
4.
16

Ans: 3. 11
16
Solution:
Rusted items = 3 + 5 = 8
Rusted nails = 3
Total nails = 6
P(getting a rusted item or a nail) = P(getting a rusted item) + P(getting a nail) - P(getting a rusted item and a nail)
8 6 3
= 16 16
+ − 16
8+6−3
= 16
 11
= 16

Q85. If X is a random variable with probability distribution as given below: 1 Mark

X = xi 0 1 2 3
P(X = Xi) k 3k 3k k
The value of k and its variance are:
1 22
1. ,
8 27
1 23
2. 8 ,
27
1 24
3. 8 , 27
1 3
4. 8 ,
4

Ans: 1 3
4. 8 , 4
Solution:
3
∑ P(x) = 1
0
k+ 3k + 3k + k = 1
1
k=
8

x P(x) xP(x) x 2P(x)

1
0 0 0
8
3 3 3
1
8 8 8
3 6 12
2
8 8 8
1 3 9
3
8 8 8
12
Total E(x) = = 1.5 E(x 2) = 3
8
V(x) = E(x 2) − [E(x) 2]
V(x) = 3 − (1.5) 2
3
V(x) = 0.75 =
4

Q86. A box contain 100 pens of which 10 are defective. What is the probability that out of a sample of 5 pens draws 1 Mark
one by one with replacement at most one is defective?
9
1. ( 10 ) 5
1 94
2 ( 10 )
2.
1 95
2 ( 10 )
3.
9 1 9
4. ( 10 ) 5 + 2 ( 10 ) 4

Ans: 4. 9 1 9
( 10 ) 5 + 2 ( 10 ) 4
Solution:
10 1 90 9
p= 100
= 10
,q = 100
= 10
,n = 5
P(X ≤ 1) = P(0) + P(1)
9 1 9
P(X ≤ 1) = ( 10 ) 5 + 5
C1 (
10
)( 10 ) 4
9 1 9
P(X ≤ 1) = ( 10 ) 5 + ( 2 )( 10 ) 4

Q87. A box contains 3 orange balls, 3 green balls and 2 blue balls. Three balls are drawn at random from the box 1 Mark
without replacement. The probability of drawing 22 green balls and one blue ball is
167
1. 168
1
2.
28
 2
3.
21
3
4. 28

Ans: 4. 3
28
Solution:
Total balls in a box - 3orange + 3green + 2blue = 8
8×7×6
Three balls are drawn at random from the box then samplw space n(S) = 8C 3 = = 56
3×2×1
Let A be the event that drawing 2 green and one blue ball.
n(A) = 3C 2 × 2C 2 = 6
6 3
P(A) = =
56 28

Q88. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
Two dice are thrown. If it is known that the sum of numbers on the dice was less than 6, the probability of getting
a sum 3, is:
1
1.
18
5
2.
18
1
3. 5
2
4.
5

Ans: 3. 1
5
Solution:
Let E1 = Event that the sum of numbers on the dice was less than 6
And E2 = Event that the sum of numbers on the dice is 3.
∴ E1 = {(1, 4), (4, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2), (2, 2), (1, 3), (3, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (1, 1)}
⇒ n(E1) = 10
And E2 = {(1, 2), (2, 1)}
⇒ n(E2) = 2
2 1
∴ Required Probability = =
10 5

Q89. India play two matches each with West indies and Australia. In any match the probability of india getting 0,1 and 1 Mark
2 points are 0.45, 0.05 and 0.50 respectively. Assuming that the outcomes are indepecdent, the probability of
india getting at least 7 points is.
1. 0.0875
1
2. 16
3. 0.1125
4. None of these.

Ans: 1. 0.0875
Solution:
Here, there are total 5 ways by which India can get at least 7 points.
1. 2 points + 2 points + 2 points + 2 points = (0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5)
2. 1 points + 2 points + 2 points + 2 points = (0.05 × 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5)
3. 2 points + 1 points + 2 points + 2 points = (0.5 × 0.05 × 0.5 × 0.5)
4. 2 points + 2 points + 1 points + 2 points = (0.5 × 0.5 × 0.05 × 0.5)
5. 2 points + 2 points + 2 points + 1 points = (0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.05)

Q90. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
3 A 1 4
You are given that A and B are two events such that P(B) = 5
,P ( B ) = 2 and P(A ∪ B) = 5 , then P(A) equals:
3
1.
10
1
2.
5
 1
3.
2
3
4. 5

Ans: 3. 1
2
Solution:
3 A 1 4
We have, P(B) =
5
,P (B ) =
2
and P(A ∪ B) =
5
A
∴ P(A ∩ B) = ( B ) ⋅ P(B)
1 3 3
= 2
⋅ 5
= 10
Now P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) ⋅ P(A ∩ B)
4 3 3
⇒ 5
= P(A) + 5
− 10
4 3 3 1
∴ P(A) = − + =
5 5 10 2

Q91. Probability that A speaks truth is 4 . A coin is tossed. A reports that a head appears. The probability that actually 1 Mark
5
there was head is
4
1.
5
1
2.
2
1
3. 5
2
4. 5

Ans: Let A be the event that the man reports that head occurs in tossing a coin and let E1 be the event that head occurs and E2 be the
event head does not occur.
1 1
P(E 1) = 2
, P(E 2) = 2
4
P(A | E 1) = P(A reports that head occurs when head had actually occur red on the coin) = 5
4 1
P(A | E 2) = P(A reports that head occurs when head had not occur red on the coin) = 1 − =
5 5
By Bayes’ theorem,
1 4
P ( E1 ) P ( A | E1 ) 2
×5 4 4
P(E 1 | A) = = 1 4 1 1
= =
P ( E1 ) P ( A | E1 ) + P ( E2 ) P ( A | E2 ) 4+1 5
2
×5+2×5

Hence, option (A) is correct.

Q92. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
1 1 A 1
If A and B are two events such that P(A) = 2
, P(B) = 3
, P ( B ) = 4 , then P(A ′ ∩ B ′ ) equals:
1
1. 12
3
2.
4
1
3.
4
3
4. 16

Ans: 3. 1
4
Solution:
1 1 A 1
We have, P(A) = 2
, P(B) = 3
and P (B ) = 4
A
⇒ P(A ∩ B) = P ( B ) ⋅ P(B)
1 1 1
= ⋅ =
4 3 12
Now, P(A ′ ∩ B ′ ) = 1 − P(A ∪ B)
= 1 − [P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B) ]
1 1 1 9
=1− [ 2 + 3 − 12 ] = 1 − 12
 3 1
= =
12 4

Q93. The probability that in a year of 22nd century chosen at random, there will be 53 Sunday, is 1 Mark
3
1. 28
2
2.
28
7
3.
28
5
4.
28

Ans: 3. 5
28
Solution:
25 1
We know a leap year is fallen within 4 years, So its probability is =
100 4
1 2 2
53rd Sunday leap year = × =
4 7 28
75 1 3 1 3
Similarly probability of 53rd Sunday in a non leap year = 100
× 7
= 4
× 7
= 28
2 3 5
Required probability = + = .
28 28 28

Q94. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
Which one is not a requirement of a binomial distribution?
1. There are 2 outcomes for each trial.
2. There is a fixed number of.
3. The outcomes must be dependent on each othere.
4. The probability of success must be the same for all the trials.

Ans: 3. The outcomes must be dependent on each othere.

Solution:
We know that, in a Binomial distribution:
1. ​There are 2 outcomes of each trail.
2. There is a fixed number of trails.
3. The probability of success must be the same for all the trails.

Q95. Mark the correct alternative in the following question: 1 Mark

Which one is not a requirement of a binomial dstribution?
1. There are 2 outcomes for each trial.
2. There is a fixed number of trials.
3. The outcomes must be dependent on each other.
4. The probability of success must be the same for all the trials.

Ans: 3. The outcomes must be dependent on each other.

Solution:
In binomial distribution trails are independent.

Q96. For the following probability distribution: 1 Mark

X: -4 -3 -2 -1 0
P(X): 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2
The value of E(X) is:
1. 0
2. -1
3. -2
4. -1.8

Ans: 4. -1.8
Solution:
The probability distribution of X is given below:
X: -4 -3 -2 -1 0
 P(X): 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2
E(X) = (-4) × 0.1 + (-3) × 0.2 + (-2) × 0.3 + (-1) × 0.2 + 0 × 0.2
= -0.4 - 0.6 - 0.6 - 0.2
= -1.8
Hence, the correct alternative is option (d).

Q97. ¯ 1 Mark
If A and B are two events, then P(A ∩ B) =
¯ ¯
1. P(A) P(B)
2. 1 − P(A) − P(B)
3. P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B)
4. P(B) − P(A ∩ B)

Ans: 4. P(B) − P(A ∩ B)

Solution:

¯ ¯
From the diagram, we get A ∩ B and A ∩ B are mutually exclusive events such that (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ B) = B. therefore by
¯
P(A ∩ B) + P(A ∩ B) = P(B)
¯
∴ P(A ∩ B) = P(B) − P(A ∩ B)

Q98. One hundred idential coins, each with probability p of showing heads are tossed once. If 0 < p < 1 and the 1 Mark
probability of heads showing on 50 coins is equal to that of heads showing on 51 coins, the value of p is:
1
1. 2
51
2. 101
49
3.
101
4. None of these

Ans: 51
2. 101
Solution:
Let X denote the number of coins showing head.
Therefore, X follows a binomial distribution with p and n as parameters.
Given that P(X = 50) = P(X = 51)
100
⇒ C 50p 50q 50 = 100
C 51p 51q 49
on simplifying we get,
51 p
=
50 q
51 p
⇒ = (Since p + q = 1)
50 1−p
51
⇒p=
101

Q99. A coin is tossed n times. The probability of geting at least once is greater than 0.8. Then, the least value of n, is: 1 Mark
1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 5

Ans: 2. 3
Solution:
1
A fair coin is tossed ⇒ p = q =
2
P(X ≥ 1) ≥ 0.8
 ⇒ 1 − P(0) ≥ 0.8
⇒ P(0) = 0.2
1
⇒ ( 2 ) n = 0.2
⇒ 2 − n = 0.2
⇒ 2n ≥ 5
⇒n≥3

Q100. ¯ ¯ 1 Mark
Let A and B be two events such that P(A) = 0.6, P(B) = 0.2, P(A|B) = 0.5. Then P(A | B) equals.
1
1.
10
3
2.
10
3
3.
8
6
4. 7

Ans: 3. 3
8
Solution:
Given that,
A
P(A) = 0.6, P(B) = 0.2, P ( B ) = 0.5
Consider,
A
P ( B ) = 0.5
P(A∩B)
⇒ P(B)
= 0.5
P(A∩B)
⇒ 0.2
= 0.5
⇒ P(A ∩ B) = 0.1
⇒ P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∪ B) = 0.1
⇒ P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) − 0.1
⇒ P(A ∪ B) = 0.7
¯ ¯ ¯
Now, P(A ∩ B) = P(A ∪ B)
¯ ¯
P(A ∩ B) = 1 − P(A ∪ B)
¯ ¯
⇒ P(A ∩ B) = 0.3
To find
¯ ¯
A P(A∩B)
P ( )= ¯ ¯
B P(B)
¯
A 0.3
P ( ) = 0.8
¯
B
¯
A 3
P ( )= 8
¯
B

Q101. A bag X contains 2 white and 3 black balls and another bag Y contains 4 white and 2 black balls. One bag is 1 Mark
selected at random and a ball is drawn from it. Then, the probability chosen to be white is,
2
1.
15
7
2. 15
8
3. 15
14
4.
15

Ans: 4. 8
15
Solution:
A white ball can be drawn in two mutually exclusive ways:
 1. Selecting bag X and then drawing a white ball from it.
2. Selecting bag Y ane then drawing a white ball from it.
Let E1, E2 and A be the three evenes as defined below:
E1 = Selecting abg X
E2 = Selecting bag Y
A = Drawing a white ball
We know that one bag is selected randomly.

Q102. A rifleman is firing at a distant target and has only 10% chance of hiting it. the least number of round he must fire 1 Mark
in order to have more than 50% chance of hitting it at least once is:
1. 11
2. 9
3. 7
4. 5

Ans: 3. 7
Solution:
1 9
Given p = ⇒q=
10 10
Let n be the number of rounds.
P(X ≥ 1) = 1 − P(X = 0)
⇒ P(X ≥ 1) ≥ 0.5
⇒ 1 − P(X = 0) ≥ 0.5
⇒ P(X = 0) ≤ 0.5
⇒ 0.9 n ≤ 0.5
Using log table,
n ≤ 6.572 ≈ 7
He must fire in order to have more than
50% chance of hitting the target at least once.

Q103. ¯ ¯ 1 Mark
If P(A ∪ B) = 0.8 and P(A ∩ B) = 0.3 then P(A) = P(B) =
1. 0.3
2. 0.5
3. 0.7
4. 0.9

Ans: 4. 0.9
Solution:
If P(A ∪ B) = 0.8 P(A ∩ B) = 0.3,
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B)
⇒ P(A) + P(B) = P(A ∪ B) − P(A ∩ B)
⇒ P(A) + P(B) = 1.1
¯ ¯
⇒ P(A) + P(B) = 1 − P(A) + 1 − P(B)
¯ ¯
⇒ P(A) + P(B) = [P(A) + P(B) ]
¯ ¯
⇒ P(A) + P(B) = 2 − 1.1
¯ ¯
⇒ P(A) + P(B) = 0.9

Q104. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
1 1
A and B are two students. Their chances of solving a problem correctly are and , respectively. If the
3 4
1
probability of their making a common error is, and they obtain the same answer, then the probability of their
20
answer to be correct is:
1
1.
12
1
2.
40
13
3. 120
 10
4.
13

Ans: 4. 10
13
Solution:
Let E1 = Event that both A and B solve the problem
1 1 1
∴ P(E 1) = × =
3 4 12
Let E2 = Event that both A and B got incorrect solution of the problem
2 3 1
∴ P(E 2) = × =
3 4 2
E1 E 1
Here, P ( E ) = 1, P ( E ) = 20 2
E1
E1 P ( E1 ∩ E ) P ( E1 ) ⋅ P (E)
∴P (E )= P(E)
= E1 E1
P ( E1 ) ⋅ P (E) + P ( E2 ) ⋅ P (E)
1
12
×1 10
= 1 1 1
= 30
12
× 1 + 2 × 20

Q105. Two persons A and B take turns in throwing a pair of dice.The first person to throw 9 from both dice will be 1 Mark
awarded the prize. If A throws first, then the probability that B wins the game is.
9
1.
17
8
2.
17
8
3. 9
1
4. 9

Ans: 2. 8
17
Solution:
9 can be obtained from throw of two dice in only 4 cases as given below:
{(3, 6), (4, 5), (5, 4), (6, 3)]
4 1
⇒ P(getting 9) = =
36 9
32 8
P(not getting 9) = 36
= 9
Now,
P(B is winning) = P(getting 9 in 2nd throw) + P(getting p in 4th throw) + P(getting 9 in 6th throw) + .....
8 1 8 8 8 1
= × + × × × + .....
9 9 9 9 9 9
8 64 64
81 [
= 1 + 81 + ( 81 ) 2 + . . . . . . ]
8 1
= × 64
81
1 − 81
8 81
= ×
81 17
8
= 17

Q106. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
A die is thrown and a card is selected at random from a deck of 52 playing cards. The probability of getting an
even number on the die and a spade card is:
1
1. 2
1
2. 4
1
3.
8
3
4.
4

Ans: 3. 1
8
 Solution:
Let E1 = Event for getting an even number on the die
And E2 = Event that a spade card is selected.
3 1 13 1
∴ P(E 1) = = and P(E 2) = =
6 2 52 4
Then, P(E 1 ∩ E 2) = P(E 1) ⋅ P(E 2)
1 1 1
= ⋅ =
2 4 8

Q107. Let X be a discrete random variable. Then the variance of X is: 1 Mark
1. E(X2)
2. E(X2) + (E(X))2
3. E(X2) - (E(X))2
2 2
4. √E(X ) − (E(X))
Ans: 4. E(X2) - (E(X))2
Solution:
Since, the variance of a discrete random variable X is given by:
Var(X) = E(X2) - (E(X))2
Hence, the correct alternative is option (c).

Q108. 3 1 4 ¯ ¯ 1 Mark
If P(B) = , P(A | B) = and P(A ∪ B) = , then P(A ∩ B) + P(A ∩ B) =
5 2 5
1
1. 5
4
2. 5
1
3.
2
4. 1

Ans: 4. 1
Solution:
3 A 1 4
P(B) =
5
,P ( B ) = 2 , P (A ∪ B ) = 5
Consider,
A 1
P (B ) = 2
P(A∩B) 1
⇒ =
P(B) 2
P(A∩B) 1
⇒ 3
= 2
5
3
⇒ P(A ∩ B) =
10
¯ ¯
P(A ∪ B) + P(A ∩ B)
= 1 − P(A ∩ B) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B)
3 3 3
=1− + −
10 5 10
=1

Q109. In a college 30% students fail in Physics, 25% fail in Mathenatics and 10% fail in both. One student is chosen at 1 Mark
random. The probability that she fails in Physics if she failed in Mathematics is.
1
1.
10
1
2. 3
2
3.
5
9
4.
20

Ans: 3. 2
5
Solution:
Let A be the event that students failed in Physics. B be the event that students failed in Mathematics.
 30
Given that, P(A) = 30% = 100
25
P(B) = 25% = 100
10
P(A ∩ B) = 10% =
100
A
Required probability is given by P (B)
10
A P(A∩B) 2
(B ) =
100
⇒ P P(B)
= 25
= 5
100

Q110. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
′ ′
2 3 1 A B
If P(A) =
5
, P(B) =
5
and P(A ∩ B) =
5
, then P ( B ) ⋅ P ( A ) is equas:
′ ′
5
1.
6
5
2. 7
25
3.
42
4. 1

Ans: 1. 5
6
Solution:
2 3 1
Here, P(A) = , P(B) = and P(A ∩ B) =
5 5 5
′ ′ ′
A P(A ∩B ) 1−P(A∩B)
P (B ) = ′
P(B′ ) 1−P(B)
+
1− [P(A) +P(B) −A(A∩B) ]
=
1−P(B)
2 3 1
1− ( 5 + 10 − 5 )
= 3
1 − 10
4+3−2 1
1− ( 10 ) 1− 2
= 7
− 7
10 10
5
=
7
B′ P(B′ ∩A′ )
And P (A ) = ′
P(A′ )
1−P(A∪B)
=
1−P(A)
1
1− 2 1
=
1− 5
2 [ ∵ P(A ∪ B) =
2 ]
1
2 5
= 3
= 6
5
A′ B′ 5 5 25
∴P ( B ) ( A ) = 7 ⋅ 6 = 42
′
⋅P ′

Q111. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
If two events are independent, then:
1. They must be mutually exclusive.
2. The sum of their probabilities must be equal to 1.
3. (a) and (b) both are correct.
4. None of the above is correct.

Ans: 4. None of the above is correct.

Solution:
If two events A and B are independent, then we know that
P(A ∩ B) = P(A) ⋅ P(B), P(A) ≠ 0, P(B) ≠ 0
Since, A and B have a common outcome.
Further, mutually exclusive events never have a common outcome.
 In other words, two independents events having non-zero probabilities of occurrence cannot be mutually exclusive and conversely,
i.e., two mutually exclusive events having non-zero probabilities of outcome cannot be independent.

Q112. Two events A and B will be independent, if 1 Mark

1. A and B are mutually exclusive
2. P(A ′ B ′ ) = [1 − P(A) ][1 − P(B) ]
3. P(A) = P(B)
4. P(A) + P(B) = 1

Ans: Two events A and B are said to be independent, if P(AB) = P(A) × P(B)
Distracter Rationale.
1. Let P(A) = m, P(B) = n, 0 < m, n < 1
A and B are mutually exclusive.
∴A∩B=ϕ
⇒ P(AB) = 0
However, P(A) ⋅ P(B) = mn ≠ 0
∴ P(A). P(B) ≠ P(AB)
2. Consider the result given in alternative.
P(A ′ B ′ ) = [1 − P(A) ][1 − P(B) ]
⇒ P(A ′ ∩ B ′ ) = 1 − P(A) − P(B) + P(A). P(B)
⇒ 1 − P(A ∪ B) = 1 − P(A) − P(B) + P(A). P(B)
⇒ P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A) ⋅ P(B)
⇒ P(A) + P(B) − P(AB) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A). P(B)
⇒ P(AB) = P(A). P(B)
This implies that A and B are independent, if P(A ′ B ′ ) = [1 − P(A) ][1 − P(B) ]
3. Let A: Event of getting an odd number on throw of a die = {1, 3, 5}
3 1
⇒ P(A) = =
6 2
B: Event of getting an even number on throw of a die = {2, 4, 6}
3 1
P(B) = =
6 2
Here, A ∩ B = ϕ
∴ P(AB) = 0
1
P(A). P(B) = ≠0
4
⇒ P(A). P(B) ≠ P(AB)
4. From the above example, it can be seen that,
1 1
P(A) + P(B) = 2
+ 2
=1
However, it cannot be inferred that A and B are independent.
Thus, the correct answer is B.

Q113. If X follows a binomial distribution with parameter n = 100 and p = 1 1 Mark

, then P(X = r) is maximum when r =
3
1. 32
2. 34
3. 33
4. 31

Ans: 3. 33
Solution:
1 2
n = 100, p = ⇒q=
3 3
100 1
np = = 33 +
3 3
⇒ Probability is maximum at 33.

Q114. 5 ¯ ¯ 2 ¯ ¯ 1 Mark
If A and B are such that P(A ∪ B) = 9
and P(A ∪ B) = 3
, then P(A) + P(B) =
9
1.
10
10
2. 9
 8
3.
9
9
4. 8

Ans: 2. 10
9
Solution:
5 ¯ ¯ 2
P(A ∪ B) = 9
, P(A ∪ B) = 3
Consider,
¯ ¯ ¯
P(A ∪ B) = P(A ∪ B)
¯ ¯ 2
⇒ P(A ∪ B) =
3
2
⇒ 1 − P(A ∩ B) = 3
1
⇒ P(A ∩ B) = 3
1
⇒ P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∪ B) =
3
5 1
⇒ P(A) + P(B) − =
9 3
8
⇒ P(A) + P(B) = 9
¯ ¯
P(A) + P(B) = 1 − P(A) + 1 − P(B)
¯ ¯
⇒ P(A) + P(B) = 2 − [P(A) + P(B) ]
¯ ¯ 8
⇒ P(A) + P(B) = 2 − 9
¯ ¯ 10
⇒ P(A) + P(B) =
9

Q115. Mark the correct alternative in the following question: 1 Mark

Suppose a random variable X follows the binomial distribution with parameters n and p, where 0 < p < 1. If
P(X = r )
P(X = n − r )
is independent of n and r, then p equals:
1
1.
2
1
2. 3
1
3.
5
1
4.
7

Ans: 1. 1
2
Solution:
Consider,
P(X = r) = kP(X = n− r)
Using nC r = nC n − r, q = 1 − p
p rq n − r = kp n − rq r
p r(1 − p) n − r = kp n − r(1 − p) r
p 2r − n = k(1 − p) 2r − n
p
( q ) 2r − n = k
when p = q then k = 1
1
⇒ p=q =
2

Q116. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
E F
Two events E and F are independent. If P(E) = 0.3, P(E ∪ F) = 0.5, then P ( F ) − P ( E ) equal:
2
1.
7
3
2. 35
 1
3.
70
1
4. 7

Ans: 3. 1
70
Solution:
We have, P(E) = 0.3, P(E ∪ F) = 0.5
Also E and F are independent.
Now P(E ∪ F) = P(E) + P(F) − P(E ∩ F)
⇒ 0.5 = 0.3 + P(F) − 0.3P(F)
0.5 − 0.3 2
⇒ P(F) = =
0.7 7
E F
∴P ( F ) − P( E )
= P(E) − P(F) (as E and F are indepandent)
3 2 1
= 10
− 7
= 70

Q117. The probability distribution of a discrete random variable X is given below: 1 Mark
X: 1 2 3 4
1 1 3 2
P(X) :
10 5 10 5
The value of E(X2) is:
1. 3
2. 5
3. 7
4. 10

Ans: 4. 10
Solution:
X 1 2 3 4
1 1 3 2
P(X)
10 5 10 5
1 4 27 32
X 2P(X) E(X 2) = 10
10 5 10 5

Q118. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
The probability of guessing correctly at least 8 out of 10 answers on a true-false type examination is:
7
1.
64
7
2.
128
45
3. 1024
7
4. 41

Ans: 2. 7
128
Solution:
We know that, P(x = r) = nC r(P) r. (q)6 n − r
1 1
Here, n = 10, p = ,q =
2 2
and r ≥ 8 i.e, r = 8, 9, 10
⇒ P(X = r) = P(r = 8) + P(r = 9) + P(r = 10)
1 8 1 10 − 8 10 1 9 1 10 − 9 1 10 1 10 − 10
= 10C
8 2 ( )( )
2
+ C 9 2 2 ( )( ) + 10C
( ) ( )
10 2 2
10 ! 10 ! 1 10
= ( 8!2!
+
9!1!
+1
2 )( )
1 10
= [45 + 10 + 1] (2 )
1 7
= 56 ( 2 ) 10 = 128
Q119. 1 Mark
 ¯ ¯
If A and B are two events such that P(A) ≠ 0 and P(B) ≠ 1, then P(A | B) =
1. 1 − P(A | B)
¯
2. 1 − P(A | B)
1−P(A∪B)
3. ¯
P(B)
¯
P(A)
4. = ¯
P(B)

Ans: 3. 1−P(A∪B)
¯
P(B)
Solution:
We have,
P(A) ≠ 0 and P(B) ≠ 1
Now,
¯ ¯
¯ ¯ P(A∩B)
P(A | B) = ¯
P(B)
¯
P(A∩B)
= ¯
P(B)
1−P(A∪B)
= ¯
P(B)
Hence, the correct alternative is option (C).

Q120. 1 1 1 Mark
A and B are two students. Their chances of solving a problem correctly are 3
and 4
respectively. If the probability
1
of their making common error is 20
and they obtain the same answer, then the probability of their answer to be
correct is.
10
1. 13
13
2.
120
1
3.
40
1
4.
12

Ans: 1. 10
13
Solution:
Let E1 be the event that Both A and B solve the problem.
A and B are independent,
⇒ P(E 1) = P(A) × P(B)
1 1 1
⇒ P(E 1) = 3
× 4
= 12
Let E2 both A and B got wrong solution.
1 1 1
P(E 2) = 1 − ( 3 ) ( × 1− 4 ) = 2
Let E be the event getting same answer.
E E 1
P ( E ) = 1, P ( E ) = 20
1 2
1
E1 ×1 10
(E )
12
⇒P = 1 1 1
=
13
12
× 1 + 2 × 20

Q121. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
A flashlight has 8 batteries out of which 3 are dead. If two batteries are selected without replacement and tested,
the probability that both are dead is:
33
1.
56
9
2. 64
 1
3.
14
3
4. 28

Ans: 4. 3
28
Solution:
Required probability = P D ⋅ P D
3 2 3
= ⋅ =
8 7 28

Q122. If two events are independent, then. 1 Mark

1. They must be mutually exclusive.
2. The sum of their probabilities must be equal to 1.
3. (a) and (b) both are correct.
4. None of the above is correctIf two. events are independent, then.

Ans: 4. None of the above is correctIf two. events are independent, then.
Solution:
Let A and B are two independent events, Then,
P(A ∩ B) = P(A) × P(B)
As, P(A ∩ B) ≠ 0 or P(A) + P(B) ≠ 1
So, both are neither mutually exclisive nor their sum of probability is 1.
Hence, the correct alternative is option (d).

Q123. Three persons, A, B and C fine a target in turn starting with A. Their probability of hitting the target are 0.4, 0.2 1 Mark
and 0.2, respectively. The probability of two hits is
1. 0.024
2. 0.452
3. 0.336
4. 0.188

Ans: 4. 0.188
Solution:
Let:
A be the event of hitting the target by the person A,
B be the event of hitting the target by the person B and
C be the event of hitting the target by the person C
We have,
P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.3 and P(C) = 0.2
Also,
¯
P(A) = 1 − P(A) = 1 − 0.4 = − 0.6,
¯
P(B) = 1 − 0.3 = 0.7 and
¯
P(C) = 1 − 0.2 = 0.8
Now,
¯ ¯ ¯
P(Two hits) = P(ABC) + P(ABC) + P(ABC)
¯ ¯ ¯
= P(A) × P(B) × P(C) + P(A) × (B) × P(C) + P(A) × P(B) × P(C)
= 0.4 × 0.3 × 0.8 + 0.4 × 0.7 × 0.2 + 0.6 × 0.3 × 0.2
= 0.096 + 0.056 + 0.036
= 0.188
Hence, the correct alternative is option (d).

Q124. Choose the correct answer in each of the following: 1 Mark

If A and B are two events such that P(A) ≠ 0 and P(B | A) = 1, then
1. A ⊂ B
2. B ⊂ A
3. B = ϕ
 4. A = ϕ

Ans: A ⊂ B
P(B|A) = 1
P(B∩A)
⇒ = 1 P(B ∩ A) = P(A)
P(A)
∴ (A) is correct answer.

Q125. 1 1 Mark
∫ √x(1 − x) dx equals:
0
π
1.
2
π
2.
4
π
3. 6
π
4.
8

Ans: 4. π
8
Solution:
1
I = ∫ √x(1 − x) dx
0
1
I=∫ √ x− x 2dx
0
1 1 1
I=∫
0√ 4
+ x − x 2 + dx
4

1 1 1
I=∫
0√ ( 4
− x2 − x +
4 )dx
1 1 2 1 2
I=∫
0√( ) 2

1
− x−( 2 )
dx

[ √ ]
x− 2 1 1 1
I= 2
x(1 − x) + 2
× 4 sin − 1(2x − 1) 0

1
I=0+
8
(sin − 1(1) − sin − 1( − 1) )
1 π π
8 (2
I= − ( ))
2
π
I= 8

Q126. A coin is tossed 4 times. The probability that at least one head turns up is: 1 Mark
1
1.
16
2
2. 16
14
3.
16
15
4.
16

Ans: 4. 15
16
Solution:
1
n = 4, p = q = 2
P(X ≥ 1) = 1 − P(X = 0)
1
P(X ≥ 1) = 1 − ( 2 )4
15
P(X ≥ 1) =
16

Q127. A fair coin is tossed 100 times. The probability of getting tails an odd nimber of times is: 1 Mark
1
1.
2
 1
2.
8
3
3. 8
4. None of these

Ans: 1. 1
2
Solution:
Here, n = 100
Let X denote the number of times a tail is obtained.
1
Here, p = q = 2
P(X = odd) = P(X = 1, 3, 5, …99)
1
= ( 100C 1 + 100C
3+⋯+
100C
99 )( 2 )
100

1
= Sum of odd coefficients in binomial expansion in (1 + x) 100 ( 2 ) 100
2 ( 100 − 1 )
=
2 100
1
= 2

Q128. Five persone entered the lift cabin on the ground floor of an 8 floor house. Suppose that each of them 1 Mark
independently and with equal probability can leave the cabin at any flor beginning with the first, then the
probability of all 5 persons leaving at different floors is,
7
P5
1.
75
75
2. 7P
5
6
3. 6P
5
5P
5
4.
5

7P
Ans: 5
1. 75
Solution:
Five persons can leave different floors
By 7P5 ways.
Possible ways of leavinf the lift = 75
7P
5
Required probability =
75

Q129. A die is thrown and a card is selected ar random from a deck pf 52 playing cards. The probability of getting an 1 Mark
even number of the die and a spade card is
1
1. 2
1
2. 4
1
3.
8
3
4.
4

Ans: 3. 1
8
Solution:
A Sample space when a die is thrown,
S1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} ⇒ n(S1) = 6
Let A be the event that getting even number.
A = {2, 4, 6} ⇒ n(A) = 3
3 1
⇒ P(A) = =
6 2
A card is selected from a deck of 52 cards.
 n(S 2) = 52C = 52
2
Let B be the event that getting spade card.
13C 13 1
n(B) = 2 = 13 ⇒ P(B) = =
52 4
Required probability = P(A) × P(B)
1 1 1
= × =
2 4 8

Q130. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
Suppose a random variable X follows the binomial distribution with parameters n and p, where 0 < p < 1. If
P(x=r)
P(x=n–r)
is independent of n and r, then p equals:
1
1.
2
1
2.
3
1
3. 5
1
4.
7

Ans: 1. 1
2
Solution:
P(x = r) = nC r(p) r(q) n − r
n!
= (n−r) !r!
(p) r(1 − p) n − r[ ∴ q = 1 − p]
n
P(x=r) C rp r ( 1 − p ) n − r
Now, = n
P(x=n−r) C n − rp n − r ( 1 − p ) r
Pr ( 1 − P )n − r
=
pn − r ( 1 − p )r
[as nC r = nC n − r ]
1 − p n − 2r
= (p )
Above expression is independent of n and r, if
1−p 1
=1⇒p=
p 2

Q131. Choose the correct answer in each of the following: 1 Mark

The mean of the numbers obtained on throwing a die having written 1 on three faces, 2 on two faces and 5 on
one face is
1. 1
2. 2
3. 5
8
4.
3

Ans: xi pi p ix i
3 3
1 6 6
2 4
2
6 6
5 1 5
6 6
12
∑ p ix i = 6
=2
Therefore, option (B) is correct.

Q132. An urn contains 9 balls two of which are red, three blue and four black. Three balls are drawn at random. The 1 Mark
probability that they are of the same colour is,
5
1. 84
3
2.
9
3
3.
7
7
4. 17
Ans: 1. 5
84
Solution:
Given:
Red balls = 2
Blue balls = 3
Black balls = 4
P(All three balls are of same colour) = P(all three are blue) + P(all three are black)
3 2 1 4 3 2
= × × + × ×
9 8 7 9 8 7
1 4
= +
84 84
5
= 84

Q133. The least number of times a fair coin must be tossed so that the probability of getting at least one head is at least 1 Mark
0.8, is:
1. 7
2. 6
3. 5
4. 3

Ans: 4. 3
Solution:
1
A fair coin is tossed ⇒ p = q = 2
P(X ≥ 1) ≥ 0.8
⇒ 1 − P(0) ≥ 0.8
⇒ P(0) = 0.2
1
⇒ ( 2 ) n = 0.2
⇒ 2 − n = 0.2
⇒ 2n ≥ 5
⇒n≥3

Q134. A bag contains 5 brown and 4 white socks. A man pulls out two socks. The probability that these are of the sane 1 Mark
colour is.
5
1.
108
18
2.
108
30
3. 108
48
4.
108

Ans: 3. 48
108
Solution:
Total number of balls = 5brown + 4white = 9
5 4 4 3 4
Required probability = × + × =
9 8 9 8 9
4 × 12 48
⇒ =
9 × 12 108

Q135. If the mean and variance of a binomial variate X are 2 and 1 respectively, then the probability that X takes a value 1 Mark
greater than 1 is:
2
1. 3
4
2.
5
7
3. 8
15
4. 16
Ans: 4. 15
16
Solution:
E(X) = 2, V(X) = 1
np = 2, npq = 1
1
⇒q= =p
2
⇒n=4
P(X ≥ 1) = 1 − P(X = 0)
1
P(X ≥ 1) = 1 − ( 2 )4
1 15
P(X ≥ 1) = 1 − 16
= 16

Q136. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
If the events A and B are independent, then P(A ∩ B) is equal to:
1. P(A) + P(B)
2. P(A) − P(B)
3. P(A) ⋅ P(B)
P(A)
4.
P(B)

Ans: 3. P(A) − P(B)

Solution:
If A and B are independent, then P(A ∩ B) = P(A) ⋅ P(B)

Q137. If the mean and variance of a binomial distribution are 4 and 3, respectively, the probability of getting exactly six 1 Mark
successes in this distribution is:
16 1 3
1. C 6 ( 4 ) 10 ( 4 ) 6
16 1 6 3 10
2. C6 ( ) ( )
4 4
1 3
3. 12C
6 20 4
6
( )( )
1 6 3 6
4. 12C
6 20 4
( ) ( )

Ans: 2. 1 3
6( 4 ) ( 4 )
16C 6 10

Solution:
np = 4, npq = 3
3 1
⇒q= 4
,p = 4
, n = 16
16C 16 10 3
P(X = 6) = 6( 4 ) ( 4 )

Q138. 3 5 ¯ 1 Mark
If A and B are two events such that P(A) = 8
, P(B) = 4
. and P(A | B) × P(A ∩ B) is equals to.
2
1.
5
3
2.
8
3
3.
20
6
4. 25

Ans: 6
4. 25
Solution:
3 5 3
P(A) = 8
, P(B) = 8 (
,P A∪B = ) 4
P(A ∩ B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B)
3 3 5
⇒ = + − P(A ∩ B)
4 8 8
1
⇒ P(A ∩ B) = 4
 ¯ ¯
A A P(A∩B) P(A∩B)
P ( B ) P( B ) = P(B)
× P(B)
¯
A A P(A∩B) P(B) − P ( A ∩ B )
P ( B ) P( B ) = P(B)
× P(B)
¯ 1 5 1
A A (8−4 )
(B ) (B )
4
P P = 5 × 5
8 8
¯
A A 6
P (B ) (B )
P =
25

Q139. A five-digit number is written down at raddom. The probability that the number is divisible by 5, and no two 1 Mark
consecutive digits are identical, is:
1
1. 5
1 9
2. ( )3
5 10
3
3. ( 5 )4
4. None of these

Ans: 4. None of these

Solution:
If last digit is either O or 5 then the number is divisible by 5.
Case : 1
Last digit is 0.
First three places can be selected by 9 × 9 × 9 = 729 ways.
If c = 0 then three places can be selected by 9 × 8 × 1 = 72
If C ≠ 0 then 729 - 72 = 657
Fourth place has 8 choices = 657 × 8 = 5256
Total = 72 + 5256 = 5904
Case : 2
If C = 5
First place other than 5
then first three places can be filled in 8 × 8 × 1 = 64
If first place is 5 then first three places can be filled in 1× 9 × 1 = 9 ways.
If third place is other than 5 then 729 - 64 - 9 = 656 ways.
For fourth place has 8 choices.
As per required condition = (64 + 9) × 9 + 656 × 8 = 5905
5904 + 5905 11809
required probability = =
9 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 90000
NOTE: Answer not matching with back answer.

Q140. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
X -4 -3 -2 -1 0
P(X) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2
For the following probability distribution E(X) is equal to:
1. 0
2. -1
3. -2
4. -1.8

Ans: 4. -1.8
Solution:
E(X) = ∑ P(X)
= − 4 × (0.1) + ( − 3 × 0.2) + ( − 2 × 0.3) + ( − 1 × 0.2) + (0 × 0.2)
= − 0.4 − 0.6 − 0.6 − 0.2 = − 1.8

Q141. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
3 4
If A and B are two independent events with P(A) = and P(A) = , then P(A' ∩ B') equals:
5 9
 4
1.
15
8
2. 45
1
3. 3
2
4.
9

Ans: 4. 2
9
Solution:
Since A and B are independent events, A' And B' are aslo independent.
∴ P(A ′ ∩ B ′ ) = P(A) ⋅ P(B)
= [1 − P(A) ][1 − P(B) ]
3 4
= 1−( 5 )( 1− 9 )
2 5 2
= ⋅ =
5 9 9

Q142. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
X 1 2 3 4
1 1 3 2
P(X)
10 5 10 5
For the following probability distribution E(X2) is equal to:
1. 3.
2. 5.
3. 7.
4. 10.

Ans: 4. 10.
solution:
E(X 2) = ∑ X 2P(X)
1 1 3 2
=1⋅ +4⋅ +9⋅ + 16 ⋅
10 5 10 5
1 4 27 32
= + + +
10 5 10 5
1 + 8 + 27 + 64
= 10
= 10

Q143. In a box containing 100 bulbs, 10 are defective. What is the probability that out of a sample of 5 bulbs, none is 1 Mark
defective?
9
1. ( 10 ) 5
9
2.
10
3. 10 − 5
1
4. ( 2 )2

Ans: 9
1. ( 10 ) 5
Solution:
Let X denote the number of defective bulbs.
Hence, the binomial distribution is given by
10 1
n = 5, p = 100
= 10
90 9
&q = 100
= 10
Hence, the distribution is given by
1 9
r ( 10 ) ( 10 )
P(X = r) = 5C r 5−r

9
∴ P(X = 0) = ( 10 ) 5

Q144. Choose the correct answer in each of the following: 1 Mark

 Suppose that two cards are drawn at random from a deck of cards. Let X be the number of aces obtained. Then
the value of E(X) is
37
1. 221
5
2. 13
1
3.
13
2
4.
13

Ans: n(S) = 52, n(A) = 4

48
C2 48 × 47 188
P(X = 0) = 52
= =
C2 52 × 51 221
48
C 2 × 4C 1 2 × 48 × 4 32
P(X = 1) = 52
= =
C2 52 × 51 221
4
C2 4×3 1
P(X = 2) = 52
= =
C2 52 × 51 221

xi pi p ix i
188
0
0 221
32 32
1 221
221
2 1 2

221 221
34 2
∑ p ix i = =
221 13
2
Now E(X) =
13
Therefore, option (D) is correct.

Q145. If X is a binomial variate with parameters n and p, where 0 < p < 1 such that P(X = r) 1 Mark
is independent of n and r,
P(X = n - r )
then p equals:
1
1. 2
1
2. 3
1
3.
4
4. None of these

Ans: 1. 1
2
Solution:
Consider,
P(X = r) = kP(X = n − r)
Using nC r = nC
n − r, q =1−p
p rq n − r = kp n − rq r
p r(1 − p) n − r = kp n − r(1 − p) r
P 2r − n = k(1 − p) 2r − n
p
( q ) 2r − n = k
when p = q then k = 1
1
⇒ p=q =
2

Q146. Choose the correct answer from the given four options. 1 Mark
In a college, 30% students fail in physics, 25% fail in mathematics and 10% fail in both. One student is chosen at
random. The probability that she fails in physics if she has failed in mathematics is:
1
1. 10
2
2. 5
9
3.
20
 1
4. 3

Ans: 2. 2
5
Solution:
30 3
Here, P ( Ph ) = =
100 10
25 1
P (M) = =
100 4
10 1
And P ( M ∩ Ph ) = 100
= 10
Ph P ( Ph ∩ M )
∴P (M ) = P(M)
1
10 2
= 1
=
5
4