Review Innovations CE Review for April 2025 – Algebra 3

Arithmetic Progression (A.P.) Harmonic Mean, HM

A sequence of numbers is in A.P. if any number after the 𝑛 𝑛
𝐻𝑀 = =
first is obtained by adding a fixed number to the one 1 1 1 1 % 1
+ + + ⋯+ ∑()" K L
immediately preceding it. The fixed number that is 𝑥" 𝑥! 𝑥# 𝑥% 𝑥(
added is called the common difference, d.
Formulas for A.P. Relationship between Arithmetic Mean,
Common difference
Harmonic Mean, and Geometric Mean of
𝑑 = 𝑎! − 𝑎" = 𝑎# − 𝑎! = 𝑎$ − 𝑎# = ⋯
Two Numbers
nth term 𝐴𝑀 × 𝐻𝑀 = 𝐺𝑀!
𝑎% = 𝑎" + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 or 𝑎% = 𝑎& + (𝑛 − 𝑚)𝑑

Sum of first n terms Problems

𝑛 𝑛
𝑆% = (𝑎" + 𝑎% ) or 𝑆% = [2𝑎" + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑] 1. The arithmetic mean of two numbers is 7.5 & their
2 2 harmonic mean is 4.8. Find their geometric mean.
2. A contractor who does not meet the deadline on the
Geometric Progression (G.P.) construction of a building is fined P40,000 per day for
A sequence of numbers is in G.P. if any number after the
each of the first ten days of extra time, and for each
first is obtained by multiplying a fixed number to the one
additional day thereafter the fine is increased by
immediately preceding it. The fixed number that is
P8,000. If the contractor is fined P1,008,000, by how
multiplied is called the common ratio, r.
many extra days was the construction delayed?
Formulas for G.P.
Common ratio 3. A besieged fortress is held by 5,700 men who have
𝑎! 𝑎# 𝑎$ provisions for 66 days. If the fortress loses 20 men
𝑟= = = =⋯ each day, for how long will the provisions hold out?
𝑎" 𝑎! 𝑎#
4. In a potato race, 8 potatoes are placed 6 ft apart on a
nth term straight line, the first being 6 ft from the basket. A
𝑎% = 𝑎" 𝑟 %'" or 𝑎% = 𝑎& 𝑟 %'& contestant starts from the basket and puts one potato
at a time into the basket. Find the total distance she
Sum of first n terms must run in order to finish the race.
𝑎" (1 − 𝑟 % ) 𝑎" (𝑟 % − 1)
𝑆% = 𝑜𝑟 𝑆% = 5. The numbers 28, x + 2, 112 are the first three terms in
1−𝑟 𝑟−1
a GP. What is the 31st term?

Infinite Geometric Progression (I.G.P.) 6. If the 1st, 5th and the 8th terms of an AP will form a GP,
A G.P. in which −1 ≤ 𝑟 ≤ 1, 𝑟 ≠ 0 and 𝑛 ⟶ ∞. The sum what would be the common ratio of this GP?
of all the terms is 7. Find the sum of a sequence of four positive numbers,
𝑎" the first of which is 6 and the fourth of which is 16, if
𝑆=
1−𝑟 the first three numbers form an AP and the last three
numbers form a GP.
Harmonic Progression (H.P.) 8. A rubber ball is dropped from a height of 9m and
A sequence of numbers are in H.P. if their reciprocals each time it strikes the ground, it bounces to a height
form an A.P. 2/3 of that from which it falls. Find the total distance
Formulas for H.P. travelled by the ball before it comes to rest.
Common difference of reciprocals 9. The side of a square is 10 m. A second square is
1 1 1 1 1 1 formed by joining, in the proper order, the midpoints
𝑑= − = − = − =⋯
𝑎! 𝑎" 𝑎# 𝑎! 𝑎$ 𝑎# of the sides of the first square. A third square is
formed by joining the midpoints of the second
nth term square, and so on. Find the sum of the areas of all the
1 1 squares if the process will continue indefinitely.
𝑎% = or 𝑎% =
𝑎" + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 𝑎& + (𝑛 − 𝑚)𝑑
10. An equilateral triangle is inscribed within a circle
Sum of first n terms whose diameter is 12 cm. In this triangle a circle is
1 2𝑎" + (2𝑛 − 1)𝑑 inscribed; and in this circle, another equilateral
𝑆% = ln < = triangle is inscribed; and so on indefinitely. Find the
𝑑 2𝑎" − 𝑑 sum of the areas of all the triangles.

Arithmetic, Harmonic, & Geometric Means Problems for Practice

Arithmetic Mean, AM 1. Determine x so that x, 2x + 7, 10x – 7 will be a
%
𝑥" + 𝑥! + 𝑥# + ⋯ + 𝑥% geometric progression. Answer: 7; -7/6
𝐴𝑀 = = A 𝑥(
𝑛 2. Find the harmonic mean between 3 & 11. Ans: 33/7
()"

Geometric Mean, GM 3. A cask containing 20 liters of wine was emptied of

% "/% one-fifth of its contents and then filled with water. If
𝐺𝑀 = !C𝑥" × 𝑥! × 𝑥# × … × 𝑥% = FG 𝑥( H this is done 20 times, how many liters of wine will
()" remain in the cask? Answer: 0.2306li

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 Review Innovations CE Review for April 2025 – Algebra 3
4. The arithmetic mean of two numbers exceeds their 21. Which of the following numbers should be changed
geometric mean by two. Find the numbers if one is 40 to make all the numbers form an arithmetic
less than the other. Answer: 81 & 121 progression when properly arranged?
A. 27/14 C. 45/28
5. Insert three arithmetic means between 11 & 14.
Answer: 11.75, 12.5, 13.25 B. 33/28 D. 20/14

6. The first three terms in AP are 20, 16 and 12. Which 22. The sum of the first 𝑛 terms of a series is 3%+! − 6.
term is -96? Answer: 30th term Find the fifth term of the series.

7. In a display window a grocer wishes to place boxes 23. What is the value of x if 1, 1/4, 1/x, 1/10, … is in
of detergent in pyramid form so that the bottom row harmonic progression?
contains 15 boxes, the next row contains 14 boxes, the 24. Determine the sum of the infinite geometric series of
next row contains 13 boxes, and so on, with one box 1 - 1/5 + 1/25…
on top. How many boxes of detergent are necessary
for the pyramid? Answer: 120 25. Find the 16th term of the arithmetic sequence: 4, 7, 10,
... Answer: 49
8. Find the common ratio of an IGP in which any term
is thrice the sum of the succeeding terms. Answer: 1/4 26. Determine the sum of the first 12 terms of the
arithmetic sequence: 3, 8, 13, ... Answer: 366
9. It is now between 3 and 4 o’clock and in 20 minutes
the minute hand will be as much ahead of the hour 27. Find the 40th term and the sum of the first 40 terms
hand as it is now behind it. What is the time now? of the arithmetic sequence: 10, 8, 6, ...
Answer: 3:06.36 Answer: a40 = -68, S40 = -1160

10. If 4, 2, 5, and 18 are added respectively to the first four 28. Which term of the sequence 5, 14, 23,... is 239?
Answer: 27th
terms of an arithmetic progression, the resulting
series is a geometric progression. What is the 29. Compute the sum of the first 100 positive integers
common difference of the arithmetic progression? exactly divisible by 7. Answer: 35,350
Answer: 7
30. How many consecutive integers, beginning with 10,
11. Find two numbers such that their sum multiplied by must be taken for their sum to equal 2035? Answer: 55
the sum of their squares is 5500, and their difference
multiplied by the difference of their squares is 352. 31. How long will it take to pay off a debt of $880 if $25
One of the numbers is… Answer: 13 is paid the first month, $27 the second month, $29 the
third month, etc.? Answer: 20 months
12. Find the 8th term in the following series of numbers:
6, 7, 11, 20, 36, ... Answer: 146 32. How many terms in the arithmetic sequence 24, 22,
20, ... are needed to give the sum of 150? Write the
13. The arithmetic mean of two numbers is 37 and their terms. Answer: 10 and 15
geometric mean is 35. What is the difference between For n = 10: 24, 22, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6
their harmonic mean and geometric mean? For n = 15: 24, 22, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, 0, -2, -4
Answer: 1.892
33. Determine the arithmetic sequence whose sum to n
14. Benjie set out on a bike at the rate of 6 km/hr. After terms is n2 + 2n. Answer: 3, 5, 7, 9, ...
Benjie had gone 2 hours, Jerwin set out to overtake
him and went on a bike 4 km the first hour, 5 km the 34. Three numbers are in an arithmetic sequence such
second hour, 6 km the third hour and so on, gaining that the sum of the first and third is 12 and the
1 km every hour. After how many hours were they product of the first and second is 24. Find the sum of
together? Answer: 8 hrs of Jerwin
these three numbers. Answer: 18

15. An equilateral triangle is inscribed within a circle 35. Three numbers are the ratio 2:5:7. If 7 is subtracted
whose diameter is 12 cm. In this triangle a circle is from the second, the resulting numbers form an
inscribed; and in this circle, another equilateral arithmetic sequence. Determine the original
triangle is inscribed; and so on indefinitely. Find the numbers. Answer: 28, 70, 98

sum of the areas of all the triangles. Answer: 62.35 cm2 36. Compute the sum of all integers between 100 and 800
16. Ernie’s average in 6 subjects is 83. If his lowest grade that are divisible by 3. Answer: 104,850

is disregarded, his remaining subject is 84. What is 37. A slide of uniform grade is to be built on a level
his lowest grade? surface and is to have 10 supports equidistant from
17. Instead of multiplying the number by 17, Fred each other. The heights of the longest and shortest
divided it by 17. If the answer he obtained was 1, supports will be 42'6" and 2' respectively. Determine
what should have been the correct answer? the required height of the 6th support starting from
the shortest. Answer: 24'6"
18. There are seven arithmetic means between 3 and 35.
Find the sum of all the terms. 38. A freely falling body, starting from rest falls 16 ft
during the first second, 48 ft during the second
19. a and b are positive numbers. a, -4, b … form a second, 80 ft during the third second, etc. Calculate
geometric progression. 14, a, b… form an arithmetic the distance it falls during the fifteenth second.
progression. Find the value of a. Answer: 464 ft

20. The geometric mean of two numbers is 8 and their 39. How many arithmetic means will be inserted
arithmetic mean is 17. What is the first number? between 1 and 36 so that the sum of the resulting
arithmetic sequence will be 148. Answer: 6

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or dissemination is strictly prohibited and shall be prosecuted to the full extent of the law.