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OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
(oOPS) CONCEPTS IN JAVA
Obiect- (riented Programming (00P) is a design
programming
around
paradigm that organizes software
data, or abjects rather than tuncions and
logic
Jaya is1San object -oriented language that ollows
key 00OP principles such as Encapsulatiom ,
Inherilence Polymorphism and Abstracion.

1 Principles O0P n Java:

a) Encapsulation
|Encapsulatin themehe
and
1S
concept wrapping
(Tuncions)
The
that
data (variables) änd methods
operate am the data into single unit called
aclass.
The class's data is hidden trom direct
access by other claSses and is amly
only zccess
ible through public geer /seter methods.

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Example:
class Persom
private String nameWprivate Variabie
Cencapsulation)
/ Public Qetter method for accesSing private variable
public String aetName ()L
retun name

/ Publie setter metthod for moditying privak vartable

void
public setName (sting mame)
this. name 3 Mame j

b) mheritexnce
Inheritence allouws ome class Cchild class) to inherit
the properies and behaviors o another class
(parentclass). This promotes
DL ode reuse and
the creation CH 'hierarchial class structure.

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 Class Animal
classExample
sound)void
Dog Systcm-out-
Systerm.out
@
mmer +Sournd)i extends
|sOumd
Void):
Dog Animal prinin
printn
Animal
Void ((Animal
("Dog
Overridden
method.
+Child+ <-Parerit
Method class
<- barks makes
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9Polymorphism
Palymorphisrn allaws methods to behave differently
deperndng
his
on the object that invokes them.
can be achieved through Method
Overloading Ccompile time) and Method
Overriding (runtime palymorphism).
Example Method Oerloading
class Calculator
int add Cint a ,int b) {
retun atbi

Method overloading Same Ymethod name uit

diterent paramelers.
couble add (double a double b) E
retun a+bj
}

Caleulator
add (int int) + Method Overloading
add (double ,double)
ki( Calulator
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class
(overriding
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barks
Animal
("DoQ
Example
Method
Overriding
(" Arimal
System:outprintln println Sound void
Void
(): Sound():
soundC)s
Void
Extends
sound
()YOid System.out Animal
@Override Dog
class
Arimal
Dog
Class
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achieved
using shape")
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the interfaces. Caloring Drauing
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only cass: (" Shape ("
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is abstract Oyerride
andobject wth
Abstraciom
Example Class
details
an
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dass classCar Example : Object
public start
void )
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Classes
Carl. car
startO; Car SysBm. madel
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Carl .
static (methods).
properties A
An
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an holds
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to
Variable
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age) String
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int ( Person
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=
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i Comshructorage
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M
 instancethis
Example: instance Keyword
|The t|h4i.s
CString
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Car ¬ hey
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model'
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reicns Variables
keyword
refers
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between
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5 Static and mstance Members.:

" nstance Members: Belomg to an object and are
created when the cbject isis instantiated
Slatic Members Belong to the class tself nd
3re shared acros all objecs.
Example
class Counter &
int instance Count =0; / nstange variable.
static int static Court ==0; Il statte variable.
JMethod to increment counts.
Voicd increment 0E
instantce Count +tj
stati cCount ++i

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public class Main &
public static void main (Shing Il args)¬
Counter c1= mew Counter (;
S;
Counter c2 = new Counter ()i

cl.incremernt C);
c2.increment (;
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Ciate

System out printlm ("Instane ount for cd :"+

c1. instance Count : /1
System. out printn ("Instance Cant for c2:"+
c2. instance Caumt ); Il1
System. out printn ("Static Cant (shared across
instances): " + Cournter. Staticlount) ; l/2
}

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