GRADE 11 - ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL

PURPOSES
3rd Quarter
Week 6
I. OBJECTIVES:
 Demonstrate understanding of paraphrasing;
 Apply strategies for paraphrasing; and
 Paraphrase a text.
II. LESSON PROPER

PARAPHRASING, QUOTING, AND SUMMARIZING

1. PARAPHRASE- Involves taking a passage - either spoken or written

- and rewording it. Writers often paraphrase sentences and
paragraphs to deliver information in a more concise way.
Paraphrasing is when you use your own words to
express someone else's message or ideas. When you paraphrase, you
keep the same meaning of the original text, but you use different words
and phrasing to convey that meaning, and you cite the information
using an in-text citation in the expected formatting style (APA, MLA,
etc.).

EXAMPLES:

Developed by: Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

Grade 11 - English for Academic and Professional
Subject:
Purposes
Quarter & Week #: 3rd Quarter – Week 6
Original paragraph from Nancy Woloch's book, Women and the
American Experience: A Concise History:
“The feminization of clerical work and teaching by the turn of the
century reflected the growth of business and public education. It also
reflected limited opportunities elsewhere. Throughout the nineteenth
century, stereotyping of work by sex had restricted women's
employment. Job options were limited; any field that admitted women
attracted a surplus of applicants willing to work for less pay than men
would have received. The entry of women into such fields—whether
grammar school teaching or office work—drove down wages.”

Paraphrased version (using an APA in-text citation):

According to Nancy Woloch (2002) in Women and the American
Experience: A Concise History, the “feminization” of jobs in the
nineteenth century had two major effects: a lack of employment
opportunities for women and inadequate compensation for positions
that were available. Thus, while clerical and teaching jobs indicated a
boom in these sectors, women were forced to apply for jobs that would
pay them less than male workers were paid (p. 170).

Paraphrasing Sentences

Sometimes you only need to paraphrase the information from one

sentence. Here are some examples of paraphrasing individual
sentences:
Original: Her life spanned years of incredible change for women as they
gained more rights than ever before.
Paraphrase: She lived through the exciting era of women's liberation.

Developed by: Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

Grade 11 - English for Academic and Professional
Subject:
Purposes
Quarter & Week #: 3rd Quarter – Week 6
Original: Giraffes like Acacia leaves and hay, and they can consume 75
pounds of food a day.
Paraphrase: A giraffe can eat up to 75 pounds of Acacia leaves and hay
daily.
Original: Any trip to Italy should include a visit to Tuscany to sample the
region's exquisite wines.
Paraphrase: Be sure to make time for a Tuscan wine-tasting experience
when visiting Italy.
Original: Symptoms of influenza include fever and nasal congestion.
Paraphrase: A stuffy nose and elevated temperature are signs you may
have the flu.
Original: The price of a resort vacation typically includes meals, tips and
equipment rentals, which make your trip more cost-effective.
Paraphrase: All-inclusive resort vacations can make for an economical

Paraphrasing Paragraphs
Paraphrasing a longer passage can take a little more effort, as you have
to ensure it is different enough from the original to be classed as your
own work.
Here is an example of paraphrasing a paragraph from "Family Values
and Feudal Codes: The Social Politics of America's Twenty-First Century
Gangster." Journal of Popular Culture 37.4 (2004) by Ingrid Field
Walker, taken from Duke University Libraries

Original passage:
In The Sopranos, the mob is besieged as much by inner infidelity as it is
by the federal government. Early in the series, the greatest threat to
Tony's Family is his own biological family. One of his closest associates
turns witness for the FBI; his mother colludes with his uncle to contract

Developed by: Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

Grade 11 - English for Academic and Professional
Subject:
Purposes
Quarter & Week #: 3rd Quarter – Week 6
a hit on Tony, and his kids click through Web sites that track the federal
crackdown in Tony's gangland.

Paraphrased passage:
In the first season of The Sopranos, Tony Soprano's mobster activities
are more threatened by members of his biological family than by
agents of the federal government. This familial betrayal is multi-
pronged. Tony's closest friend and associate is an FBI informant, his
mother and uncle are conspiring to have him killed, and his children are
surfing the Web for information about his activities.

The main point of this passage is that problems within the family are as
bad as, if not worse than, problems caused by the federal government.
Details about this betrayal include someone close turning informant, a
hit being put out on Tony by family members, and Tony's kids tracking
his activities. As you can see, the main idea and important details are
included in the paraphrased version, though the wording is quite
different.

How to Paraphrase:
1. Read the text carefully. Be sure you understand the text fully.
2. Put the original text aside and write your paraphrase in your own
words. Consider each point of the original text, how could you rephrase
it? Do not simply replace every third or fourth word of the original
passage.
3. Review your paraphrase. Does it reflects the original text but is in
your own words and style? Did you include all the main points and
essential information?
USE PARAPHRASING…
 As another option to quoting.

Developed by: Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

Grade 11 - English for Academic and Professional
Subject:
Purposes
Quarter & Week #: 3rd Quarter – Week 6
  To rewrite someone else's ideas without changing the meaning.
 To express someone else's ideas in your own words.
 To support claims in your writing.
4. Include an in-text citation in the expected formatting style (APA,
MLA, etc.)
5. Explain why the paraphrased information is important. To do so, ask
yourself the following questions:
 What am I trying to show or prove with this information?
 Why is it important to what I am saying? What is its significance?
 How does this information add to what I am trying to prove in this
paragraph?

2. QUOTING- Quoting is when you repeat an author's work word-

for-word. Direct quotes are placed within quotation marks (" ")
and are cited using an in-text citation using the expected
formatting style (APA, MLA, etc.).

Use a Quote…
 when the author's words convey a powerful meaning
 when you cannot possibly say the information any better
 to introduce an author's position that you want to discuss
 to support claims in your writing or provide evidence for the
points you are making
How to Quote:
If you want to include a quotation into your writing, make sure to
introduce, cite, and explain the quotation. This technique is known as
the ICE method.

INTRODUCE

Developed by: Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

Grade 11 - English for Academic and Professional
Subject:
Purposes
Quarter & Week #: 3rd Quarter – Week 6
Introduce your quotes by stating the author’s last name, any necessary
background information, and a signal verb. According to APA
guidelines, signal verbs should be written in the past tense, while in
MLA, signal verbs should be present tense.

For example (in APA):

As stated by Cormac McCarthy in his 2006 novel The Road: "You forget
what you want to remember, and you remember what you want to
forget" (p. 12).

CITE
Provide in-text citations in the expected formatting style for all quotes.
Place every quotation between quotation marks (" ") and copy the text
word-for-word, including the text’s original punctuation and capital
letters.

EXAMPLE
According to Jones (1998), "students often had difficulty using APA
style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199)

Jones (1998) found "students often had difficulty using APA style" (p.
199); what implications does this have for teachers?

If you do not include the author’s name in the text of the sentence,
place the author's last name, the year of publication, and the page
number in parentheses after the quotation.

EXPLAIN

Developed by: Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

Grade 11 - English for Academic and Professional
Subject:
Purposes
Quarter & Week #: 3rd Quarter – Week 6
Make sure to explain your quotations. Provide explanation or insight as
to why this quotation is important, or comment on the importance of
the quotation.
To help with your explanation, ask yourself the following questions:
1. What is this quote saying?
2. How does this information add to what I am trying to prove in this
paragraph?
3. Why is it important to what I am saying? What is its significance?
4. What am I trying to show or prove with this information?
5. Never leave any room for interpretation. It is your responsibility as
the writer to explain the quoted information for your reader.

3. SUMMARY- A summary is shortened version of a larger reading.

In your summary, you state the main
idea in your own words, but specific
examples and details are left out.

Use a Summary…
 when a passage from a source is too
long to quote or paraphrase
 when only the main ideas of a
source are relevant to your paper
 when the details in a text might
distract, overwhelm, or confuse
readers
How to Summarize:
 Start by reading the text and highlighting the main points as you
read.
 Reread the text and make notes of the main points, leaving out
examples, evidence, etc.

Developed by: Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

Grade 11 - English for Academic and Professional
Subject:
Purposes
Quarter & Week #: 3rd Quarter – Week 6
  Without the text, rewrite your notes in your own

words. Restate the main idea at the beginning of your summary

plus all major points. Include the conclusion or the final findings of
the work.
 Include an in-text citation in the expected formatting style (APA,
MLA, etc.)

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES?

QUOTING PARAPHRASING SUMMARIZING

 involves copying short  involves putting a  involves stating the

sentences or passages section of a text into main ideas and
from the original text your own words findings of a text into
word-for-word  Changes the words your own words
and phrasing of the
 places copied  presents a general
original text, but keeps
wording within overview, so is usually
the original meaning
“quotation marks” much shorter than
of the text
the original text
 includes an in-text  Includes an in-text
citation using the citation using the  Includes an in-text
expected formatting expected formatting citation using the
style (APA, MLA, etc.) style (APA, MLA, etc.) expected formatting
style (APA, MLA, etc.)

Developed by: Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

Grade 11 - English for Academic and Professional
Subject:
Purposes
Quarter & Week #: 3rd Quarter – Week 6
III. LEARNING RESOURCES (REFERECES)

Grace M. Saqueton, et al. English for Academic and Professional

Purposes. Rex Bookstore, Inc. 84-86 P. Florentino St., Sta. Mesa Heights,
Quezon City.
Retrieved from: Paraphrasing, Quoting, Summarizing
https://writingcenter.ashford.edu/quoting-paraphrasing-summarizing
June 23,2020

Developed by: Gateways Institute of Science and Technology

Grade 11 - English for Academic and Professional
Subject:
Purposes
Quarter & Week #: 3rd Quarter – Week 6