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Table of Contents

Letter of EB
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Part 1 – About the Committee

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Part 2 – Agenda (Case Studies, Factual Background & other info)

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Part 3 – MUN Rules of Procedure (UNA USA)

29

Letter from the Executive Board

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Dear Delegates,
Greetings from the Executive Board of the United
Nations Human Rights Council! We warmly welcome
you to this exciting CHIREC J Model United Nations
conference! Today, you embark on a special journey to
become ambassadors for your country and defenders
of everyone's rights. As you embark on this exciting
adventure, we, the Executive Board of the UN Human
Rights Council, want to be your guides. This conference
is your chance to step into the shoes of human rights
defenders and global advocates, using your voice to
champion the rights of everyone on Earth.

UNHRC is a versatile platform where discussions can

cover a wide range of topics, from improving child
rights to issues like refugee rights. We hope delegates
will take advantage of this flexibility during the
conference.

While we understand that delivering well-researched

speeches is important, we want to highlight the role of
delegates in listening, learning, building alliances, and
engaging in constructive debates with fellow delegates.
The global solutions to the issues we'll discuss in the
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committee will come from collaboration, cooperation,

and positive dialogue.
We believe that each delegate can elevate this
committee extensively with their unique perspectives,
ideas, and commitment, making it a memorable
experience for everyone. We're excited about the
contributions you'll bring.
Additionally, while the background guide is a good
starting point, we encourage you to explore information
beyond it on your own and please reach out to the
Chairperson or the Vice-chairperson for any further
queries. Remember to make this conference a fun one
while making new friends and enjoying the experience!

Regards,
Vishal Chowdary- Chair Person
Niuv Kocheta – Vice Chair Person

Note: Position Papers are COMPULSORY! (Please refer to the part 3 of

this documents for a reference to what position papers are)
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PART –
1

ABOUT THE COMMITTEE

Introduction to United Nations Human Rights Council :

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The UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) was formally established on March

15, 2006, as an integral component of the United Nations. Its principal
purpose is to singularly address and deliberate upon human rights issues
on a global scale.
The primary aim of the UNHRC is to advance and safeguard human rights
universally. It functions as a forum wherein member states engage in
substantive discussions to identify and rectify various human rights
challenges across the globe.

Throughout its history, the UNHRC has undertaken actions such as the
investigation of human rights abuses, facilitation of open discussions
among nations, and formulation of resolutions to address specific human
rights concerns. These initiatives serve to spotlight instances of human
rights violations, fostering collaboration among nations to proactively
address and resolve such issues.
The UNHRC holds significant importance within the United Nations
framework as it plays a pivotal role in upholding one of the organization's
core tenets – the protection of human rights. By concentrating on these
matters, the UNHRC actively contributes to the establishment of a global
society where equitable and dignified treatment is afforded to all
individuals. It serves as an indispensable platform for diplomatic dialogue
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and cooperative efforts among nations to advance the cause of a more

just and humane world.

The Mandate: -
The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) was established by the
UN General Assembly with the passing of resolution 60/251 in 2006. Over
the course of 2006 and 2007, its mechanisms and functions were formed,
and it was established as an “intergovernmental body within the United
Nations system responsible for strengthening the promotion and
protection of human rights around the globe and for addressing situations
of human rights violations and making recommendations on them”. These
human rights are defined within the Charter of the United Nations. UNHRC
plays a critical role in the monitoring and implementation of the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights and other human rights instruments. The
main objective of the UNHRC is to draw attention to human rights issues,
discuss them, and give suggestions about how to properly address them.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and other Human Rights

Legislation: -

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone

document in the history of human rights. Drafted by representatives with
different legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world, the
Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in
Paris on 10 December 1948. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is
the cornerstone of UNHRC. It serves as a detailed constitution of the
definition and establishment of human rights. The UDHR, together with
the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and its two
Optional Protocols (on the complaints procedure and on the death penalty)
and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
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and its Optional Protocol, form the so-called International Bill of Human
Rights.

The right to equality and non-discrimination are core principles of human

rights, enshrined in the United Nations Charter, The Universal Declaration
of Human Rights (UDHR) and human rights treaties. The opening words of
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights are unequivocal: “All human
beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.”
The equality and non-discrimination guarantee provided by international
human rights law applies to all people, regardless of sex, sexual
orientation and gender identity or “other status.”

LGBT people have the same human rights as all individuals, which include
the right to non-discrimination in the enjoyment of these rights. This
principle is enshrined in numerous international instruments, providing for
a wide scope in its application. Specifically, at the global level, it is
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embodied in Article 26 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political

Rights (ICCPR) and Article 2 of the International Covenant on Economic,
Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR).
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PART –
2

AGENDA: To discuss and adopt measures aimed at promoting

and protecting the human rights of LGBTQ+ individuals by
addressing state-sponsored violence, discrimination, legal
inequities, and targeted social exclusion on a global scale.
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Background: The rights of LGBTQ+ individuals are rooted in universal

principles of human dignity and equality, as outlined in the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). However, despite growing
awareness and progress in certain regions, millions of LGBTQ+ individuals
continue to face systemic violence, discrimination, and exclusion, often
sanctioned or perpetuated by state mechanisms. This guide aims to
explore the extent of these violations and provide actionable
recommendations for protecting and promoting LGBTQ+ rights globally.

Sub Topic 1 - State-Sponsored

Violence and Discrimination
Against LGBTQ+ Individuals
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State-sponsored violence and discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals

remain a grim reality in many parts of the world. These violations, often
deeply rooted in societal norms and reinforced by legal systems,
constitute some of the most egregious human rights abuses.
Governments not only fail to protect LGBTQ+ individuals but in many
cases actively perpetuate harm through discriminatory laws, enforcement
practices, and public rhetoric. As of 2023, 67 countries criminalize
same-sex relationships, with penalties ranging from imprisonment to
the death penalty. The situation is particularly severe in 11 nations,
including Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Somalia, where homosexuality can result
in execution (Amnesty International, 2023).

Case Study1 : Chechnya, Russia

Chechnya, an autonomous region in Russia, has gained international
notoriety for its systematic persecution of LGBTQ+ individuals. Since
2017, reports from Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International have
exposed a campaign of abduction, torture, and extrajudicial killings
targeting LGBTQ+ individuals, primarily gay men.
Victims describe being detained in unofficial facilities, often referred to as
"concentration camps," where they are subjected to physical and
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psychological torture. Survivors recount beatings, electrocution, and

coerced confessions of their sexual orientation. These atrocities occur
under the tacit approval of Chechen authorities, who publicly deny the
existence of LGBTQ+ individuals in the region. Chechen leader Ramzan
Kadyrov has infamously stated that Chechnya has no LGBTQ+
population, effectively erasing the community and justifying its
persecution.
The Russian federal government has done little to address the abuses,
further emboldening Chechen authorities. International outcry, including
sanctions and pressure from human rights organizations, has failed to
significantly alter the situation, leaving victims with few avenues for
justice or protection.

Case Study 2: Nigeria: Criminalization and Community Violence

Nigeria exemplifies how state-sponsored discrimination can exacerbate
societal hostility toward LGBTQ+ individuals. The Same-Sex Marriage
(Prohibition) Act, enacted in 2014, criminalizes not only same-sex
unions but also public displays of affection and membership in LGBTQ+
organizations. Penalties include up to 14 years in prison, effectively
silencing advocacy and community-building efforts.
Beyond legal sanctions, LGBTQ+ individuals in Nigeria face pervasive
community-level violence. Mob attacks, often spurred by rumors or public
accusations, are common. Victims are frequently outed on social media or
during public gatherings, leading to brutal beatings or lynching. In many
cases, law enforcement not only fails to intervene but participates in or
condones the violence.
The criminalization of LGBTQ+ identities has also fueled discrimination in
access to healthcare, housing, and employment. Stigma prevents many
individuals from seeking medical care, particularly for HIV-related
treatments, exacerbating health disparities within the community.

Global Statistics and Alarming Trends

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The scale of violence against LGBTQ+ individuals is staggering, with state

complicity often playing a central role. A 2022 report by ILGA World
documented over 400 killings of LGBTQ+ individuals in a single year due
to hate crimes. In regions where homosexuality is criminalized, such acts
of violence are frequently underreported or ignored by authorities.
In countries where same-sex relationships are punishable by death, the
legal framework itself legitimizes violence. Even in nations where
penalties are less severe, such as imprisonment, the existence of
discriminatory laws fosters a culture of fear and impunity, allowing private
actors to target LGBTQ+ individuals without consequence.

Broader Implications
State-sponsored violence and discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals
have far-reaching consequences. These policies not only endanger lives
but also reinforce societal prejudices, creating an environment where
LGBTQ+ individuals are marginalized in all aspects of life. Families are
torn apart as individuals are forced into exile or live in constant fear of
exposure.
The international community has a moral and legal obligation to address
these abuses. Advocacy efforts must focus on repealing discriminatory
laws, holding governments accountable for state-sponsored violence, and
providing safe spaces for LGBTQ+ individuals. By addressing the root
causes of state-sanctioned discrimination, it is possible to create a world
where LGBTQ+ individuals are free to live with dignity and equality.
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Sub Topic 2 -Legal

Inequities and Systemic
Barriers

Legal inequities remain a cornerstone of the systemic discrimination faced

by LGBTQ+ individuals worldwide. These legal frameworks not only
criminalize same-sex relationships but also restrict access to essential
rights such as marriage, adoption, and healthcare. Even in regions where
overt criminalization is absent, the absence of affirmative legal
protections perpetuates social exclusion and vulnerability for LGBTQ+
individuals. These inequities reflect deeply ingrained biases within
legislative and judicial systems and present significant barriers to equality
and inclusion.

Criminalization and Denial of Fundamental Rights

In numerous countries, laws actively criminalize same-sex relationships,
denying LGBTQ+ individuals the fundamental right to love and live freely.
For instance, laws in Uganda, Nigeria, and Saudi Arabia impose severe
penalties, including imprisonment and the death penalty, for consensual
same-sex relations. This criminalization legitimizes social hostility and
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institutional discrimination, leaving LGBTQ+ individuals vulnerable to

violence, extortion, and exclusion from public life.
Furthermore, in countries that do not explicitly criminalize LGBTQ+
identities, the lack of legal recognition for relationships between same-sex
couples denies them access to essential rights such as inheritance,
spousal benefits, and adoption. Even in progressive countries,
bureaucratic delays and narrow definitions of family structures often
impede access to these rights, creating inequities within LGBTQ+
communities.

Case Study 1: Russia’s “Gay Propaganda” Law

Russia exemplifies how legal frameworks can institutionalize
discrimination and suppress advocacy. Introduced in 2013 and expanded
in 2022, Russia's "Gay Propaganda" law criminalizes any public
discussion or promotion of LGBTQ+ rights. The law explicitly bans content
that could be interpreted as promoting "non-traditional sexual relations,"
including educational material, media content, and public demonstrations.
This legislation has had a chilling effect on LGBTQ+ advocacy in Russia.
Activists and organizations face arrests, fines, and threats for their work,
while LGBTQ+ individuals are denied access to safe spaces for community
building and support. Public hostility has increased since the law’s
enactment, with reports of vigilante violence against LGBTQ+ individuals
going unaddressed by law enforcement. Moreover, this law sets a
dangerous precedent, influencing other nations to adopt similarly
repressive measures.

Case Study 2: Legal Inequities in the United States

Despite significant progress, such as the federal protection of same-sex
marriage following the 2015 Obergefell v. Hodges decision, legal
challenges persist for LGBTQ+ individuals in the United States. In 2023,
over 300 anti-LGBTQ+ bills were introduced at the state level, primarily
targeting transgender individuals. These bills include bans on gender-
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affirming healthcare for minors, restrictions on bathroom access, and

limitations on discussions of gender identity in schools (Reuters, 2023).
These legislative efforts have exacerbated the marginalization of
transgender individuals, particularly in conservative states. Transgender
youth, in particular, face barriers to accessing life-saving medical care,
leading to higher rates of mental health crises within this population.
Additionally, these bills perpetuate harmful stereotypes, framing LGBTQ+
identities as threats to traditional values and public safety.

Barriers to Legal Gender Recognition

Transgender individuals face significant legal obstacles to affirming their
gender identity. As of 2023, only 25 countries globally provide pathways
for legal gender recognition without invasive requirements, such as
sterilization or psychiatric evaluations (UN Free & Equal). These
requirements violate fundamental human rights, subjecting transgender
individuals to dehumanizing procedures to gain recognition of their
identity.
In many countries, the lack of legal gender recognition forces transgender
individuals to navigate daily life with identification documents that do not
match their lived gender. This mismatch exposes them to harassment,
discrimination, and denial of services in critical areas such as
employment, housing, and healthcare. Even in countries with progressive
laws, bureaucratic inefficiencies and high costs often make legal gender
recognition inaccessible to marginalized communities.

Global Impact of Legal Inequities

The absence of comprehensive legal protections for LGBTQ+ individuals
perpetuates cycles of inequality, reinforcing social stigma and economic
disadvantage. LGBTQ+ individuals are disproportionately represented
among homeless and unemployed populations due to discriminatory
hiring practices and family rejection. Legal inequities also undermine
access to justice, as LGBTQ+ individuals are less likely to report crimes for
fear of retaliation or secondary victimization. Addressing these systemic
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barriers requires a multifaceted approach, including the repeal of

discriminatory laws, the implementation of affirmative legal protections,
and the adoption of international standards for gender recognition.
Advocacy efforts must also prioritize intersectional approaches,
recognizing that LGBTQ+ individuals from marginalized racial, ethnic, and
socioeconomic backgrounds face compounded forms of discrimination.

Sub Topic 3: Targeted

Social Exclusion

Social exclusion is one of the most insidious forms of marginalization

experienced by LGBTQ+ individuals. It permeates every facet of life, from
education and employment to healthcare, systematically limiting
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opportunities and reinforcing inequality. This exclusion is rooted in societal

prejudice and institutional discrimination, making it both a personal and
structural issue.

Education: An Unsafe Environment for LGBTQ+ Students

Education is often a hostile space for LGBTQ+ students, who face

pervasive bullying, harassment, and discrimination. A 2022 UNESCO study
revealed that over 40% of LGBTQ+ students reported feeling unsafe in
schools, with many dropping out due to the mental health toll of
persistent victimization. Instances of physical violence, verbal abuse, and
cyberbullying are common, creating an environment of fear and exclusion.
For example, in conservative regions of the United States, policies banning
discussions of LGBTQ+ identities in classrooms further isolate LGBTQ+
students. The absence of inclusive curricula and support systems denies
them representation and validation, compounding their feelings of
alienation. Globally, the lack of anti-bullying policies leaves educators
unequipped to address harassment, perpetuating a cycle of victimization.
The consequences of this exclusion are profound. LGBTQ+ students who
leave school prematurely face limited career opportunities, financial
instability, and lower life satisfaction. Addressing this requires inclusive
policies, teacher training programs, and the establishment of safe spaces
in educational institutions.

Employment: Barriers to Economic Participation

Workplace discrimination is another significant avenue of social exclusion

for LGBTQ+ individuals. Studies conducted in countries such as the UK
and the US consistently demonstrate that LGBTQ+ individuals face 20-
30% wage gaps compared to their heterosexual counterparts (Reuters,
2023). This disparity is often exacerbated by hiring biases, a lack of
workplace protections, and hostile work environments.
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In many countries, LGBTQ+ employees are forced to conceal their

identities to avoid discrimination, which can lead to significant mental
health challenges. Transgender individuals face even greater obstacles,
including unemployment rates that are often double or triple those of
the general population. For example, in India, despite legal recognition of
transgender rights, societal prejudice continues to limit employment
opportunities, relegating many transgender individuals to informal or
stigmatized professions.
The economic exclusion of LGBTQ+ individuals perpetuates cycles of
poverty and vulnerability, making it essential for governments and
businesses to adopt comprehensive anti-discrimination policies.
Workplace training programs, equal pay initiatives, and diversity hiring
practices are crucial steps toward fostering inclusivity.

Healthcare: Disparities and Discrimination

Access to healthcare is a fundamental right often denied to LGBTQ+

individuals due to stigma and discrimination in medical settings. Many
LGBTQ+ individuals report experiencing biased treatment, ranging from
inappropriate questioning to outright denial of care. A significant
proportion avoid seeking medical help altogether, fearing judgment or
mistreatment.
Transgender individuals face particularly severe challenges in accessing
healthcare. Barriers to hormone therapy, gender-affirming surgeries, and
mental health support are common, even in countries with advanced
healthcare systems. For example, in the United States, laws in certain
states prohibit Medicaid from covering gender-affirming treatments,
disproportionately impacting low-income transgender individuals.
Healthcare disparities also extend to mental health, where LGBTQ+
individuals face higher rates of depression, anxiety, and suicide. This is
driven by a combination of societal stigma, family rejection, and
institutional neglect. Addressing these gaps requires culturally competent
training for healthcare providers, the inclusion of LGBTQ+-specific
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services in national healthcare plans, and the removal of legal barriers to

gender-affirming care.

The Intersectional Impact of Social Exclusion

Social exclusion does not exist in isolation but intersects with other forms
of discrimination based on race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and
disability. For instance, LGBTQ+ individuals from marginalized racial or
ethnic backgrounds often experience compounded forms of exclusion,
limiting their access to education, employment, and healthcare even
further.
Globally, exclusion is more pronounced in regions with strong patriarchal
norms and rigid gender roles. In sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East,
for example, LGBTQ+ individuals are often ostracized from their families
and communities, leaving them vulnerable to homelessness and
exploitation.
Efforts to address social exclusion must take an intersectional approach,
recognizing the diverse identities and experiences within LGBTQ+
communities. Policies should focus on creating inclusive environments,
providing economic opportunities, and ensuring equal access to essential
services. By addressing these systemic barriers, society can move closer
to achieving equality and dignity for all individuals, regardless of sexual
orientation or gender identity.

Sub Topic 4: Role of

International Organizations
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International organizations have been at the forefront of advancing

LGBTQ+ rights, advocating for equality, and addressing systemic
discrimination and violence. These entities have fostered global
awareness, encouraged policy changes, and provided platforms for
dialogue among nations and communities.

United Nations and LGBTQ+ Advocacy

The United Nations (UN) has been pivotal in recognizing and promoting
LGBTQ+ rights as a human rights issue. A significant milestone was
achieved in 2011 with the adoption of UNHRC Resolution 17/19,
which marked the first formal acknowledgment of LGBTQ+ rights at
the international level. The resolution called for a study to document
discriminatory laws and practices worldwide and emphasized the
application of international human rights law to combat such injustices.
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Following this, the UN published the A/HRC/19/41 report in 2012, a

comprehensive document highlighting global patterns of violence and
discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals. It called for member states to
implement legal reforms, protect victims of violence, and end harmful
practices like conversion therapy. These efforts have established a
precedent for treating LGBTQ+ rights as fundamental human rights,
urging member states to act responsibly.
The UN's initiatives also extend to awareness campaigns like Free &
Equal, launched in 2013, which aims to educate the global community
about LGBTQ+ issues. This campaign provides resources to member
states and organizations, fostering a better understanding of LGBTQ+
rights and strategies to combat discrimination. Its efforts have contributed
to policy changes and inspired regional and national campaigns
advocating for equality.

Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch

Global non-governmental organizations (NGOs) like Amnesty
International and Human Rights Watch (HRW) play a critical role in
documenting abuses against LGBTQ+ individuals and holding states
accountable.
Amnesty International has consistently reported on issues like state-
sponsored violence, discriminatory laws, and the plight of LGBTQ+
asylum seekers. Its campaigns emphasize the abolition of laws
criminalizing same-sex relationships and urge governments to implement
anti-discrimination measures. Amnesty’s activism in regions like Africa,
the Middle East, and Eastern Europe has amplified the voices of those
most affected by prejudice.
Human Rights Watch focuses on conducting detailed investigations and
producing reports that expose atrocities against LGBTQ+ individuals. For
instance, HRW's reports on the persecution of LGBTQ+ individuals in
Chechnya and the criminalization of same-sex relationships in
Uganda have mobilized international condemnation and action. The
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organization also advocates for policy reforms, working alongside

grassroots LGBTQ+ rights groups.

International Partnerships and Regional Advocacy

Organizations like the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans
and Intersex Association (ILGA) and OutRight Action International
collaborate with the UN and other international bodies to promote
LGBTQ+ equality. ILGA’s annual reports and maps of LGBTQ+ laws
worldwide provide critical data to track progress and identify areas of
concern.
Regional organizations, such as the African Commission on Human
and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) and the Organization of American
States (OAS), have also made strides in advocating for LGBTQ+ rights
within specific geopolitical contexts. The ACHPR’s Resolution 275, for
example, condemns violence and human rights violations against LGBTQ+
individuals in Africa. Meanwhile, the OAS has issued several resolutions
promoting inclusivity and condemning anti-LGBTQ+ discrimination across
the Americas.

Challenges and Continued Advocacy

Despite significant progress, international organizations face substantial
challenges in their advocacy. Many nations resist external pressure, citing
cultural or religious values as justifications for discriminatory laws.
Additionally, geopolitical tensions sometimes hinder collective action
within bodies like the UN.
Nevertheless, the collaborative efforts of international organizations,
NGOs, and grassroots movements continue to push the needle forward. By
leveraging data, amplifying marginalized voices, and fostering dialogue
among member states, these entities remain crucial to the fight for
LGBTQ+ equality on a global scale. Their work underscores the belief that
human rights are universal, indivisible, and inalienable, regardless of
sexual orientation or gender identity.
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Summaries of Important documents (Since I’m sure most of

you won’t read the entire docs, remember, this is just for reference!
Please try to go through the original docs)

A New Beginning in the International Community : Resolution

17/19

The UNHRC Resolution A/HRC/RES/17/19, adopted on July 14, 2011,

represents a landmark step in addressing violence and discrimination
based on sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI). It reaffirms the
universality and indivisibility of human rights as outlined in foundational
documents like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and
international treaties. The resolution expresses grave concern over acts of
violence and systemic discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals
worldwide. To address these issues, it mandates the UN High
Commissioner for Human Rights to conduct a global study documenting
discriminatory laws, practices, and violence related to SOGI and to
propose how international human rights law can address these violations.
The resolution also calls for a panel discussion during the 19th session of
the Human Rights Council to review the study's findings and engage in
transparent, informed dialogue to identify appropriate follow-up measures.
By deciding to remain actively engaged with this priority issue, the
resolution underscores the Council's commitment to advancing LGBTQ+
rights globally, marking a historic moment in international human rights
advocacy.
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Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human

Rights (A/HRC/19/41)

The Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
(A/HRC/19/41) highlights the pervasive violence and discrimination faced
by individuals based on their sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI)
and provides actionable recommendations to address these issues. The
report identifies a wide range of human rights violations affecting LGBTQ+
individuals, including killings, physical attacks, sexual violence, and
arbitrary detentions. These abuses are often perpetrated with impunity,
reflecting widespread societal stigma and a lack of protective laws. The
report notes that at least 76 countries criminalize same-sex relationships,
with punishments including imprisonment, corporal punishment, and, in
some instances, the death penalty. It also highlights systemic
discrimination in areas such as employment, healthcare, education, and
access to justice, further marginalizing LGBTQ+ communities globally.
The report underscores the incompatibility of these discriminatory
practices with international human rights obligations. It reminds states of
their duties under key instruments like the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
(ICCPR), and the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural
Rights (ICESCR). These instruments enshrine principles of non-
discrimination and equality, which extend to sexual orientation and
gender identity. The report stresses that the criminalization of same-sex
conduct and the failure to protect LGBTQ+ individuals constitute violations
of international law. It also points out that states’ refusal to investigate
and prosecute hate crimes against LGBTQ+ individuals exacerbates the
cycle of violence and exclusion.
To combat these violations, the report outlines a series of
recommendations for states. It calls for the repeal of laws criminalizing
same-sex relationships and the enactment of anti-discrimination
legislation to protect LGBTQ+ individuals. It urges states to ensure legal
recognition of gender identity and to provide equitable access to
26

healthcare, particularly for transgender individuals. The report emphasizes

the need to establish mechanisms for documenting and addressing hate
crimes, holding perpetrators accountable, and offering support to victims.
Furthermore, it advocates for public awareness campaigns to combat
societal stigma and foster acceptance of LGBTQ+ communities. Finally,
the report encourages states to engage with international human rights
mechanisms to promote LGBTQ+ rights. It stresses the importance of
integrating SOGI issues into the broader human rights agenda and urges
the United Nations and other global bodies to take a proactive role in
monitoring and supporting progress. By presenting these findings and
recommendations, the report seeks to galvanize international action to
protect LGBTQ+ individuals from violence and discrimination, reinforcing
their fundamental rights to dignity, equality, and freedom from harm.

Questions a resolution must answer :

1. How can international pressure and diplomatic efforts be
leveraged to support countries with anti-LGBTQ+ policies to
adopt legal and societal reforms?
27

2. How can global organizations and local grassroots

movements collaborate more effectively to address social
exclusion and increase access to education, employment,
and healthcare for LGBTQ+ individuals?
3. What strategies can be implemented to accelerate the
repeal of anti-LGBTQ+ laws and the introduction of inclusive
policies, particularly in regions with entrenched
discrimination?
4. How can international legal frameworks be bolstered to hold
states accountable for state-sponsored violence and
discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals?
5. What role can public awareness campaigns play in shifting
cultural attitudes towards LGBTQ+ individuals, and how can
they be tailored to combat the rise of systemic oppression
and homophobia?
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PART – 3

Rules of Procedure
29

Position Papers:- (COMPULSORY FOR

EVERY DELEGATE IN THIS COMMITTEE
AT THIS CONFERENCE)
Position Papers, are short, concise, formal documents which signify your
stance regarding the agenda and your approach to the solutions of this
committee.
Each position paper has three basic parts:
1. Your country’s national interests,
National interests are what a country would like to see happen in
the world. The understanding of national interests is the key to
understanding your foreign policy, which outlines your relationship
with other delegates and their respective countries, and what you
want to achieve from the committee. (e.g., A country XYZ faces a
large shortage of water due to arid land. It’s national interests would
be the loosening of tariffs on energy saving and modern energy
resources, negotiation on international borders and hydroelectricity
conventions, and general establishment of trade pipelines.)
2. Your country’s national policies,
National policies are a country’s attempts to secure its interests
(e.g., Country ABC, in an effort to combat terrorism, has sought to
enter into new extradition treaties). These are often recognised in
the form of constitutional components, public statements by
governmental officials or UN speeches. While these are subject to
negotiation, a strong part of foreign policy is operating under
respect of national guidelines/ consensus of their people.
3. Your opinion on potential resolution components.
Your opinions on potential resolution components should be driven
by your outside research on the problems laid out in your
Background Guide. While there is always room for some flexibility,
you should make your best effort to keep in mind the interests of
your nation. Possible resolutions should be consistent with your
30

country’s national interests and current national policies (e.g., To

solve the problem of deploring animal species due to hunting, the
Country DEF seeks to impose local and general bans on wildlife
hunting, consistent with its state program to abolish trading of
poached goods).

Relevant to the current agenda, these points are a must in your position
paper.

A. Background of the Topic

What previous stance is your country currently pursuing relevant to
the agenda? When and how did your country settle into this position?

B. Position taken by your delegation

What are your national interests relevant to the agenda? What are
your nation’s policies on the topic? What steps would you like to see
taken to deal with the problems outlined in the background guide?

C. Proposed Policy: -
What does your nation believe needs to be done to produce an effect
in the lives of LGBTQI+ individuals? What does your nation believe the
UN and assembled countries do collectively to address the agenda?

Rules of Procedure (RoP)

Before the conference days, we expect the delegates to acknowledge
themselves with the rules of procedure, structure and verbatim debate.
They are expected to go through this section of the background guide
carefully.

Language
- Delegates are expected to speak in English throughout the committee
session during the formal and informal debate.
31

- Delegates are encouraged to refrain from using personal pronouns and

address themselves as their allocated country.
- instead of saying “I believe that the agenda...” use the verbatim, “The
delegate of (your country) believes that the agenda...”
- Delegates are expected to use formal respectful and topic-related jargon
to express their views. Use of offensive, derogatory, informal,
inappropriate or abusive language is highly discouraged by the EB and will
result in consequences.
- Delegates will be recognized through the raising of their placards and
will be given the chance to address the EB to communicate their point or
motion.

Formal Debate
The formal debate consists of three sections, the General speaker’s list,
Moderated Caucus and Special Speaker’s List. During the formal debate,
delegates are expected to remain seated and act following the
expectations of behavior and diplomacy.
General Speaker’s List (GSL):
The GSL is a time when all the delegates wishing to speak can address the
agenda as a whole or as a specific part of the agenda. This time can be
used to discuss their country’s stance, agenda’s scope, other country’s
stance, or specific facets of the agenda to familiarize the committee with
their stance and overarching ideas. The GSL is non-exhaustive meaning it
will be a continuing list throughout the three days and the exhaustion of
the GSL leads to the failure of the committee.

Informal Debate

Moderated Caucus (Mod Cauc):

The moderated caucus is another part of the formal debate but unlike the
GSL it is the discussion of a specific part of the agenda that the committee
agrees to discuss. Moderated caucuses are a great way to enhance debate
32

and delve deeper into the various aspects of the agenda. Moderated
causes can be used to share resolutions to the agenda, discuss the impact
of the agenda, or discuss historic events or treaties concerning the
agenda. The main purpose is to engage in effective debate through sub-
topics and simplifications of the agenda.

Unmoderated Caucus:
An unmoderated caucus is a period where the delegates can move around
the committee and lobby with other delegates. This time can be used for
discussion on the agenda, moderated caucus topics, resolution paper
writing, bloc building or crisis discussion. Delegates are encouraged to
make the most of this time to strengthen the quality and flow of debate
during the formal session.
33

Motions & Verbatims

Motion to start roll call:
- “The delegate of (your country) would like to motion to start roll call”
- Motion to start a formal debate:
- “The delegate of (your country) would like to motion to start a formal
debate”
Motion to establish the General Speaker’s list:
- “The delegate of (your country) would like to establish the General
Speaker’s List with total speaker’s time 60/90 seconds”
Motion to raise a Moderated Caucus:
34

- “The delegate of (your country) would like to raise a motion for a

moderated caucus on the topic (your topic), with a total time period of
(___ minutes) and individual speaker’s time (___ seconds)”
Motion to adjourn committee:
- “The delegate of (your country) would like to raise a motion to adjourn
this committee session”
Motion to suspend committee:
- “The delegate of (your country) would like to raise a motion to suspend
the committee session”
Motion to raise an Unmoderated Caucus:
- “The delegate of (your country) would like to raise a motion for an
unmoderated
caucus for a total time period of ____ minutes”

Points
Point of parliamentary inquiry:
Used to ask the EB questions regarding the parliamentary procedure -
“Point of parliamentary inquiry, what is the SSL?”

Point of personal privilege:

- Used to address the delegate’s discomforts
- “Point of personal privilege, the delegate is inaudible”

Point of information:
- Used to ask another delegate a question regarding their speech or
stance - “Point of information, what is your country’s stance on the
agenda?”

Point of order:
- Used to address a factual inaccuracy made by another delegate
- “Point of order, the delegate of ____ stated that “Donal Trump is the
current President of the United States” this is factually incorrect as the
current President of the United States is Joe Biden”
35

Yields
Yields are used to allocate the remaining time from a delegate's speech.

Yield to the EB:

The time is yielded to the EB, the EB may proceed with the next speaker
or might recognise Points of Information for the current delegate at their
discretion.

Yield to Points of Information:

The time is yielded for points of information and the committee is allowed
to ask questions to the delegate.

Yield to another delegate:

The remaining time is yielded to another delegate to address their speech.
Please note this can only be done if the other delegate is informed in
advance. Please note that draft resolutions and amendments will be
discussed in the committee.

Sources for research and conceptual understanding :

Draft resolution :
https://bestdelegate.com/model-un-made-easy-how-to-write-a-resolution/
https://yourwisdomtips.com/what-is-a-draft-resolution-in-mun/

Rule of Procedure :
https://teimun.org/mun-101-the-rules-of-procedure/
https://www.un.org/en/model-united-nations/rules-procedure
https://pacenycmun.blogs.pace.edu/handbook/unit-3-foundational-skills-
for- model-united-nations/3-1-rules-of-procedure-and-making-motions/

How to research :
https://bestdelegate.com/researc
https://www.wisemee.com/mun-research-guide/
36

https://mun.bestdelegate.com/how-to-research-for-mun-conferences-
using-t he-spear-framework/
https://www.mun.bme.hu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/UNIC-Guide-How-
to- Research_BMEMUN.pdf

How to Understand Foreign Policy :

https://mun.bestdelegate.com/2019/03/25/5-ways-to-figure-out-your-
countrys- policy-for-any-model-un-topic/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=KJoxVQTe32w&ab_channel=ModelUnited
NationsInstituteByBestDelegate/
https://bestdelegate.com/mun-made-easy-how-to-get-started-with-model-
u nited-nations/
Who are your Allies ?
https://teimun.org/finding-your-mun-allies/