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RC COLUMN DESIGN (EN 1992)

In accordance with EN1992-1-1:2004 incorporating Corrigendum January 2008 and the UK national annex
Tedds calculation version 1.4.02

Design summary
Description Unit Provided Required Utilisation Result
Moment capacity (y) kNm 30 1 0.04 PASS
Moment capacity (z) kNm 20 1 0.05 PASS
Biaxial bending 0.09 PASS
z

4 no. 12 mm diameter longitudinal bars

350 mm

Max link spacing 240 mm generally, 144 mm for

y y
350 mm above and below slab/beam and at laps

z
250 mm

Column input details

Column geometry
Overall depth (perpendicular to y axis); h = 350 mm
Overall breadth (perpendicular to z axis); b = ;250; mm
Stability in the z direction; Braced
Stability in the y direction; Braced
Concrete details
Concrete strength class; C20/25
Partial safety factor for concrete (2.4.2.4(1)); γC = 1.50
Coefficient αcc (3.1.6(1)); αcc = 0.85
Maximum aggregate size; dg = 20 mm
Reinforcement details
Nominal cover to links; cnom = 30 mm
Longitudinal bar diameter; φ = 12 mm
Link diameter; φv = 6 mm
Total number of longitudinal bars; N=4
No. of bars per face parallel to y axis; Ny = ;2
No. of bars per face parallel to z axis; Nz = ;2
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Area of longitudinal reinforcement; As = N × π × φ2 / 4 = 452 mm2

Characteristic yield strength; fyk = 500 N/mm2
Partial safety factor for reinft (2.4.2.4(1)); γS = 1.15
Modulus of elasticity of reinft (3.2.7(4)); Es = 200 kN/mm2
Fire resistance details
Fire resistance period; R = 60 min
Exposure to fire; Exposed on more than one side
Ratio of fire design axial load to design resistance; µfi = 0.70

Axial load and bending moments from frame analysis

Design axial load; NEd = 10.0 kN
Moment about y axis at top; Mtopy = ;1.0; kNm
Moment about y axis at bottom; Mbtmy = ;1.0; kNm
Moment about z axis at top; Mtopz = ;1.0; kNm
Moment about z axis at bottom; Mbtmz = ;1.0; kNm
Column effective lengths
Effective length for buckling about y axis; l0y = ;3000; mm
Effective length for buckling about z axis; l0z = ;3000; mm

Calculated column properties

Concrete properties
Area of concrete; Ac = h × b = 87500 mm2
Characteristic compression cylinder strength; fck = 20 N/mm2
Design compressive strength (3.1.6(1)); fcd = αcc × fck / γC = 11.3 N/mm2
Mean value of cylinder strength (Table 3.1); fcm = fck + 8 MPa = 28.0 N/mm2
Secant modulus of elasticity (Table 3.1); Ecm = 22000 MPa × (fcm / 10 MPa)0.3 = 30.0 kN/mm2

Rectangular stress block factors

Depth factor (3.1.7(3)); λsb = 0.8
Stress factor (3.1.7(3)); η = 1.0

Strain limits
Compression strain limit (Table 3.1); εcu3 = 0.00350
Pure compression strain limit (Table 3.1); εc3 = 0.00175

Design yield strength of reinforcement

Design yield strength (3.2.7(2)); fyd = fyk / γS = 434.8 N/mm2

Check nominal cover for fire and bond requirements

Min. cover reqd for bond (to links) (4.4.1.2(3)); cmin,b = max(φv, φ - φv) = 6 mm
Min axis distance for fire (EN1992-1-2 T 5.2a); afi = 46 mm
Allowance for deviations from min cover (4.4.1.3); ∆cdev = 10 mm
Min allowable nominal cover; cnom_min = max(afi - φ / 2 - φv, cmin,b + ∆cdev) = 34.0 mm
FAIL - the nominal cover is less than the minimum required
Effective depths of bars for bending about y axis
Area per bar; Abar = π × φ2 / 4 = 113 mm2
Spacing of bars in faces parallel to z axis (c/c); sz = (h - 2 × (cnom + φv) - φ) / (Nz - 1) = 266 mm
Layer 1 (in tension face); dy1 = h - cnom - φv - φ / 2 = 308 mm
Layer 2; dy2 = dy1 - sz = 42 mm
Effective depth about y axis; dy = dy1 = 308 mm
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Effective depths of bars for bending about z axis

Area of per bar; Abar = π × φ2 / 4 = 113 mm2
Spacing of bars in faces parallel to y axis (c/c); sy = (b - 2 × (cnom + φv) - φ) / (Ny - 1) = 166 mm
Layer 1 (in tension face); dz1 = b - cnom - φv - φ / 2 = 208 mm
Layer 2; dz2 = dz1 - sy = 42 mm
Effective depth about z axis; dz = dz1 = 208 mm
Column slenderness about y axis
Radius of gyration; iy = h / √(12) = 10.1 cm
Slenderness ratio (5.8.3.2(1)); λy = l0y / iy = 29.7

Column slenderness about z axis

Radius of gyration; iz = b / √(12) = 7.2 cm
Slenderness ratio (5.8.3.2(1)); λz = l0z / iz = 41.6

Design bending moments

Frame analysis moments about y axis combined with moments due to imperfections (cl. 5.2 & 6.1(4))
Ecc. due to geometric imperfections (y axis); eiy = l0y /400 = 7.5 mm
Min end moment about y axis; M01y = min(abs(Mtopy), abs(Mbtmy)) + eiy × NEd = 1.1 kNm
Max end moment about y axis; M02y = max(abs(Mtopy), abs(Mbtmy)) + eiy × NEd = 1.1 kNm
Slenderness limit for buckling about y axis (cl. 5.8.3.1)
Factor A; A = 0.7
Mechanical reinforcement ratio; ω = As × fyd / (Ac × fcd) = 0.198
Factor B; B = √(1 + 2 × ω) = 1.182
Moment ratio; rmy = M01y / M02y = ;1.000
Factor C; Cy = 1.7 - rmy = 0.700
Relative normal force; n = NEd / (Ac × fcd) = 0.010
Slenderness limit; λlimy = 20 × A × B × Cy / √(n) = 115.3
λy<λlimy - Second order effects may be ignored

Frame analysis moments about z axis combined with moments due to imperfections (cl. 5.2 & 6.1(4))
Ecc. due to geometric imperfections (z axis); eiz = l0z /400 = 7.5 mm
Min end moment about z axis; M01z = min(abs(Mtopz), abs(Mbtmz)) + eiz × NEd = 1.1 kNm
Max end moment about z axis; M02z = max(abs(Mtopz), abs(Mbtmz)) + eiz × NEd = 1.1 kNm
Slenderness limit for buckling about y axis (cl. 5.8.3.1)
Factor A; A = 0.7
Mechanical reinforcement ratio; ω = As × fyd / (Ac × fcd) = 0.198
Factor B; B = √(1 + 2 × ω) = 1.182
Moment ratio; rmz = M01z / M02z = ;1.000
Factor C; Cz = 1.7 - rmz = 0.700
Relative normal force; n = NEd / (Ac × fcd) = 0.010
Slenderness limit; λlimz = 20 × A × B × Cz / √(n) = 115.3
λz<λlimz - Second order effects may be ignored
Design bending moments (cl. 6.1(4))
Design moment about y axis; MEdy = max(M02y, NEd × max(h/30, 20 mm)) = 1.1 kNm
Design moment about z axis; MEdz = max(M02z, NEd × max(b/30, 20 mm)) = 1.1 kNm
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Moment capacity about y axis with axial load (10.0 kN)

Moment of resistance of concrete
By iteration:-
Position of neutral axis; y = 44.3 mm
Concrete compression force (3.1.7(3)); Fyc = η× fcd × min(λsb × y , h) × b = 100.3 kN
Moment of resistance; MRdyc = Fyc × [h / 2 - (min(λsb × y , h)) / 2] = 15.8 kNm

Moment of resistance of reinforcement

Strain in layer 1; εy1 = εcu3 × (1 - dy1 / y) = -0.02086
Stress in layer 1; σy1 = max(-1×fyd, Es × εy1) = -434.8 N/mm2
Force in layer 1; Fy1 = Ny × Abar × σy1 = -98.3 kN
Moment of resistance of layer 1; MRdy1 = Fy1 × (h / 2 - dy1) = 13.1 kNm
Strain in layer 2; εy2 = εcu3 × (1 - dy2 / y) = 0.00018
Stress in layer 2; σy2 = min(fyd, Es × εy2) = 35.7 N/mm2
Force in layer 2; Fy2 = Ny × Abar × σy2 = 8.1 kN
Moment of resistance of layer 2; MRdy2 = Fy2 × (h / 2 - dy2) = 1.1 kNm
Resultant concrete/steel force; Fy = 10.0 kN
PASS - This is within half of one percent of the applied axial load
Combined moment of resistance
Moment of resistance about y axis; MRdy = 29.9 kNm
PASS - The moment capacity about the y axis exceeds the design bending moment

Moment capacity about z axis with axial load (10.0 kN)

Moment of resistance of concrete
By iteration:-
Position of neutral axis; z = 38.6 mm
Concrete compression force (3.1.7(3)); Fzc = η× fcd × min(λsb × z , b) × h = 122.4 kN
Moment of resistance; MRdzc = Fzc × [b / 2 - (min(λsb × z , b)) / 2] = 13.4 kNm

Moment of resistance of reinforcement

Strain in layer 1; εz1 = εcu3 × (1 - dz1 / z) = -0.01538
Stress in layer 1; σz1 = max(-1×fyd, Es × εz1) = -434.8 N/mm2
Force in layer 1; Fz1 = Nz × Abar × σz1 = -98.3 kN
Moment of resistance of layer 1; MRdz1 = Fz1 × (b / 2 - dz1) = 8.2 kNm
Strain in layer 2; εz2 = εcu3 × (1 - dz2 / z) = -0.00031
Stress in layer 2; σz2 = max(-1×fyd, Es × εz2) = -62.3 N/mm2
Force in layer 2; Fz2 = Nz × Abar × σz2 = -14.1 kN
Moment of resistance of layer 2; MRdz2 = Fz2 × (b / 2 - dz2) = -1.2 kNm
Resultant concrete/steel force; Fz = 10.0 kN
PASS - This is within half of one percent of the applied axial load
Combined moment of resistance
Moment of resistance about z axis; MRdz = 20.4 kNm
PASS - The moment capacity about the z axis exceeds the design bending moment

Biaxial bending
Determine if a biaxial bending check is required (5.8.9(3))
Ratio of column slenderness ratios; ratioλ = max(λy, λz) / min(λy, λz) = 1.40
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Eccentricity in direction of y axis; ey = MEdz / NEd = 107.5 mm

Eccentricity in direction of z axis; ez = MEdy / NEd = 107.5 mm
Equivalent depth; heq = iy × √(12) = 350 mm
Equivalent width; beq = iz × √(12) = 250 mm
Relative eccentricity in direction of y axis; erel_y = ey / beq = 0.430
Relative eccentricity in direction of z axis; erel_z = ez / heq = 0.307
Ratio of relative eccentricities; ratioe = min(erel_y, erel_z) / max(erel_y, erel_z) = 0.714
ratioe > 0.2 - Biaxial bending check is required
Biaxial bending (5.8.9(4))
Design axial resistance of section; NRd = (Ac × fcd) + (As × fyd) = 1188.4 kN
Ratio of applied to resistance axial loads; ratioN = NEd / NRd = 0.008
Exponent a; a = 1.00
Biaxial bending utilisation; UF = (MEdy / MRdy)a + (MEdz / MRdz)a = 0.089
PASS - The biaxial bending capacity is adequate