KARNATAK LAW SOCIETY’S

GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

UDYAMBAG, BELAGAVI-590008
(An Autonomous Institution under Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)
(APPROVED BY AICTE, NEW DELHI)
Department of Computer Science and Engineering

REPORT on
BASIC KNOWLADGE ON CAMERA

Submitted by,
Chandan J A USN:2GI22EE020

Guide
Dr. Tushar Hawal
Assistant
Professor

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 KARNATAK LAW SOCIETY’S
GOGTE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
UDYAMBAG, BELAGAVI-590008
(An Autonomous Institution under Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)
(APPROVED BY AICTE, NEW DELHI)

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Certificate of Completion

Certified that the report entitled PHOTOGRAPHY CLUB done at KLS Gogte Institute of
Technology is a bonafide work carried out by Mr. Chandan J A (USN:2GI22EE020), in partial
fulfillment for the award in Photography Club Of GIT. The course report has been approved as
it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of course prescribed for the said Degree.

Signature of the Guide

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 ACKNOWLWDGEMENT

We extend our heartfelt gratitude to all the members of the Photography Club whose
passion and dedication have shaped a vibrant and supportive community. Special
thanks to our workshop facilitators, guest speakers, and contributors who generously
shared their expertise and experiences, enriching the learning journey for all. We
appreciate the collaborative spirit demonstrated in group projects and the creativity
showcased in theme-based challenges and exhibitions.

Our sincere thanks go to the club organizers for their commitment to creating
engaging activities, fostering a positive environment, and ensuring the smooth
functioning of the club. We also express our appreciation to the vendors who
collaborated with us for technical gear demos, enhancing our understanding of the
latest advancements in photography equipment.

Furthermore, we acknowledge the support of our fellow members in providing

constructive feedback during portfolio reviews and skill-sharing sessions,
contributing to the continuous growth of each individual in the club. Lastly, we
recognize the impact of our online presence and social media contributors in
amplifying the reach of the Photography Club.

Together, these acknowledgments reflect the collaborative effort and shared

enthusiasm that define our Photography Club, and we look forward to continuing
this exciting journey together.

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 ABSTRACT

The Photography Club is an immersive community that celebrates the art of

photography, uniting individuals with a shared passion for capturing life's moments
through the lens. Our objective is to inspire creativity, provide educational
opportunities, and create a platform for members to refine their photographic skills
while sharing their unique perspectives. The club engages in a variety of activities
designed to cultivate a rich and dynamic environment. These include hands-on
workshops covering composition, lighting, and post-processing techniques, regular
photo walks to diverse locations, theme-based challenges to spark creativity, and
guest speaker events featuring renowned photographers. Additionally, the club
organizes photography exhibitions, technical gear demos, and portfolio reviews to
showcase and refine members' work. Collaborative projects, skill-sharing sessions,
and an active social media presence further contribute to the vibrant and supportive
community that defines the Photography Club. The culmination of these activities
will be documented in a visually compelling report, capturing the essence of our
shared journey in the world of photograph

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 Table of Contents

• Camera Basics for Beginners: Aperture, Shutter Speed, and ISO

• Creative Elements of Aperture, Shutter Speed, and ISO

• Camera Basics for Beginners: Creative Elements of Shutter Speed

• Camera Basics for Beginners: Creative Elements of ISO

• Ease Your Way Into Changing Camera Settings

• Conclusion

• References

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Camera Basics for Beginners: Aperture, Shutter Speed, and ISO

The three camera settings that control the exposure are aperture, shutter speed, and ISO.
Here’s what each element of the exposure triangle does in a nutshell:

• The aperture controls the amount of light entering the lens. The aperture is controlled by
a diaphragm in the lens that adjusts its width based on the f-stop being used. The higher
the f-number, the smaller the aperture opening, and the less light coming into the lens.
Conversely, the lower the f-number, the larger the aperture opening, and the more light
coming into the lens.
• Shutter speed controls the duration of light that reaches the lens. It’s controlled by a
curtain in front of the camera’s sensor. A fast shutter speed means that the curtain opens
and closes quickly, thus minimizing how long the sensor is exposed to light. Conversely,
a slow shutter means the curtain opens and closes more slowly, allowing a greater
duration of light to hit the sensor.
• ISO is responsible for the sensitivity of the camera’s sensor to light. The higher the ISO,
the more sensitive the sensor becomes, and the lower the ISO, the less sensitive it
becomes.
• Of course, these three settings aren’t that simple, nor do they operate in a vacuum.
• That is, each setting has other responsibilities, and they all work together to help you get
the proper exposure, as shown in the graphic above.

Creative Elements of Aperture, Shutter Speed, and ISO

In addition to their responsibilities regarding exposure, aperture, shutter speed, and ISO impact
your photos in a creative manner as well.
Let’s start with aperture…

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Camera Basics for Beginners: Creative Elements of Aperture

• The size of the aperture impacts the depth of field in the photos you take. The depth of
field refers to the area of the image that’s in focus.
• If you want a shallow depth of field with a blurry background, as seen in the portrait
above, you want to use a large aperture.
• The confusing part for many people is that the size of the aperture is inversely related to
the f-stop number, meaning a large aperture is indicated by a small f-number.
• So, f/2 is a very large aperture while f/16 is a very small aperture.

Camera Basics for Beginners: Creative Elements of Shutter Speed

• When it comes to shutter speed, it controls how movement is captured in a photo.

• Shutter speed is measured in fractions of a second, like 1/30 seconds, 1/100 seconds,
1/500 seconds, and so on.
• Naturally, the faster the shutter speed (i.e., 1/500 seconds), the more likely it will be that
you can freeze the movement of a moving target, as shown above.
• Conversely, if you slow the shutter down, you’ll begin to see motion blur appear in the
photo.
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Camera Basics for Beginners: Creative Elements of ISO

• The last element, ISO, controls how much digital noise is in the shot.
• Digital noise looks like film grain, and it can add a grittiness to your images, as seen
above.
• ISO is measured on a scale that extends from about 100-6400 on most entry-level
cameras, though the scale can extend much, much further on mid-range and high-end
cameras.
• The higher the ISO you use, the more grain will be evident in the photos that you take.
Learn more about this best camera setting in our guide to ISO.
•
Ease Your Way into Changing Camera Settings

• You don’t have to shoot in manual mode in order to take more control over your camera.
• In fact, a good way to transition from shooting in full auto to shooting in full manual is to
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 utilize your camera’s semi-automatic modes: aperture priority, shutter priority, and
program.

Camera Basics for Beginners: Aperture Priority Mode

• As you might’ve guessed, aperture priority mode (A or Av on your camera’s dial)

prioritizes aperture, giving you control over that setting (you also control ISO).
• However, the camera controls the shutter speed, so when you make an adjustment to the
aperture, the camera makes an adjustment to the shutter speed so that you get a good
exposure. This is advantageous when the depth of field is the most important thing, like
in a portrait.

Camera Basics for Beginners: Shutter Priority Mode

• In shutter priority mode (S or Tv on your camera’s dial), you control the shutter and ISO
while the camera controls the aperture.
• Again, when you change the shutter speed, the camera will automatically change the
aperture to get a well-exposed image.
• This mode is ideal for controlling movement, like freezing the movement of your kids
running around or blurring the motion of a dancer, as was done above.

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Camera Basics for Beginners: Program Mode

• Lastly, program mode (P on your camera’s dial) gives you even more control over your
camera settings.
• In this mode, the ISO is prioritized, so when you set the ISO, the camera will adjust the
aperture and shutter speed accordingly. This is an ideal mode for low-light shooting when
you need to be able to push the ISO, like when shooting at dusk, as pictured above.
• However, you can override the aperture and shutter speed selections that your camera
makes, whereas you can’t do that in aperture priority or shutter priority. That makes
program mode a step closer to manual mode without actually being in manual mode.

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Conclusion

So, the goal of learning about the photography basics of exposure, the exposure triangle, and
various shooting modes is to help you get on track with getting out of auto and into manual
mode.
This isn’t to say that you have to shoot in manual mode all the time – not even the pros do that.
But equipping yourself with a better understanding of how your camera works will certainly
have a positive impact on the photos you create!

References
https://www.photographytalk.com/camera-basics-for-beginners/
chatgpt.ai
Wikipediae
Shutter stock

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