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The document outlines regulations and guidelines for the carriage of chemicals by chemical tankers, referencing key international conventions and codes such as SOLAS, MARPOL, IBC Code, and IGC Code. It categorizes chemical tankers into three types based on environmental and safety hazards, detailing their construction requirements and tank configurations. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of cargo segregation and compatibility to prevent hazardous reactions and contamination during transport.

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Alron Plantig
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4 views

midterm-1

The document outlines regulations and guidelines for the carriage of chemicals by chemical tankers, referencing key international conventions and codes such as SOLAS, MARPOL, IBC Code, and IGC Code. It categorizes chemical tankers into three types based on environmental and safety hazards, detailing their construction requirements and tank configurations. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of cargo segregation and compatibility to prevent hazardous reactions and contamination during transport.

Uploaded by

Alron Plantig
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SEAM 4 - Cargo Handling and Stowage

Chemical Tankers
SEAM 4 - Cargo Handling and Stowage

Regulations for the carriage of chemicals by ship


Regulations governing the carriage of chemicals by ship are contained in the:
• International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and the
• International Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships, as modified by the
Protocol of 1978 relating thereto MARPOL 73/78 (IMO, 2002)

Relevant codes concerning liquid bulk transportations are the:


• International Code for the Construction of Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in
Bulk (IBC Code) and the
• International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk
(IGC Code).
SEAM 4 - Cargo Handling and Stowage

Chemical Tankers
• A chemical tanker is a type of tanker ship designed to transport chemicals in bulk.

• As defined in MARPOL Annex I, chemical tanker means a ship constructed or


adapted for carrying in bulk any liquid product listed in chapter 17 of
the International Bulk Chemical Code.

• Chemical tankers have evolved from oil product tankers to take account of special
carriage requirements and associated hazards.
SEAM 4 - Cargo Handling and Stowage

Chemical Tankers
Chemical tanker engages in two ways:

1. Dedicated service - usually means that the tanker is designed for the carriage of
a particular type of chemical and transports the same type of cargo on each
voyage
2. Parcel trade - moves a variety of relatively small lots of chemicals between a
number of ports
SEAM 4 - Cargo Handling and Stowage
Chemical Tankers
Three types of chemical tankers according to type of cargo carried:

1. ‘Type 1’ - intended to transport Chapter 17 of the IBC Code products with very severe
environmental and safety hazards which require maximum preventive measures to preclude an
escape of such cargo.
2. ‘Type 2’ - appreciably severe environmental and safety hazards which require significant
preventive measures to preclude an escape of such cargo.
3. ‘Type 3’ –sufficiently severe environmental and safety hazards which require a moderate
degree of containment to increase survival capability in a damaged condition.

The division into ship types is based on the ship‘s capability to survive specified damage caused by
collision or stranding and the location of the cargo tanks in relation to such damage.
SEAM 4 - Cargo Handling and Stowage
Chemical Tankers
Cargo Tank Location - Cargo tanks shall be located at the following distances inboard:

Type 1 ships: from the side shell plating, not less than the transverse extent of damage specified in MARPOL,
(B/5 or 11.5m whichever is less), and from the moulded line of the bottom shell plating at centreline, not less
than the vertical extent of damage specified in MARPOL, (B/15 or 6 m whichever is less), and nowhere less than
760 mm from the shell plating. This requirement does not apply to the tanks for diluted slops arising from tank
washing.

Type 2 ships: from the moulded line of the bottom shell plating at centreline, not less than the vertical extent of
damage specified in MARPOL, (B/15 or 6 m which ever is less), and nowhere less than 760 mm from the shell
plating. This requirement does not apply to the tanks for diluted slops arising from tank washing.

Type 3 ships: no requirement"


SEAM 4 - Cargo Handling and Stowage

RESEARCH ACTIVITY:
Differentiate different types of Chemical Tankers by illustrating the location of tanks in each type of
ship.
SEAM 4 - Cargo Handling and Stowage
Chemical Tankers – Tank Configuration
SEAM 4 - Cargo Handling and Stowage
Types of Tanks
Independent Tank – not contagious, typically taking the form of
deck tanks

Integral tanks - most common type of tank used on chemical


tankers, the sub dividing of the hull in the cargo area creates
the individual integral tanks

Gravity tanks - designed for a maximum pressure of 0.7 bar


gauge at the top of the tank and may be of the integral or
independent type

Pressure tanks - designed for pressure greater than 0.7 bar


gauge and are not typically used in chemical tankers.
SEAM 4 - Cargo Handling and Stowage
Construction
Regardless of size, chemical tankers built on or after 01 July
1986 are required to comply with the IBC Code.

Such ships built or converted before that date shall comply with
the BCH Code.
SEAM 4 - Cargo Handling and Stowage
Construction
All materials used for tank construction and associated piping, valves
and pumps must be resistant to the cargo carried.

Mild-steel tanks are normally coated, to protect cargoes from


contamination by steel and to make cleaning, gas-freeing and
inspection easier.

Some ships have stainless-steel tanks for the carriage of cargoes which
cannot be contained in mild steel.

No single coating is suitable for all cargoes and that the coating
manufacturers compatibility data must be used when planning a
cargo.
SEAM 4 - Cargo Handling and Stowage
COLUMN DATA
a Product name
c Pollution category under MARPOL Annex II
X, Y, Z, OS How are Chemicals carried
d Hazards in Tankers classified
S(Safety), P(Pollution), S/P(Safety and Pollution)
(Chapter 17 IBC code)
e Ship type
1, 2, 3
f Tank type
1 (Independent), 2(Integral), G(Gravity), P(Pressure)

g Tank vents
Cont (Controlled), Open
h Tank environmental control
Inert, Pad (liquid or gas padding), Dry, Vent, No
SEAM 4 - Cargo Handling and Stowage

COLUMN DATA
i Electrical equipment
i’, i’’, i’’’
How are Chemicals carried
j Gauging
O (Open), R (Restricted), C (Closed) in Tankers classified
k Vapour Detection (Chapter 17 IBC code)
F (Flammable), T (Toxic), No
l Fire Protection
A (alcohol-resistant foam), B (regular foam), C
(water spray), D (Dry chem), No

n Emergency equipment
Yes, No
o Specific and operational requirements
SEAM 4 - Cargo Handling and Stowage

How are Chemicals carried in Tankers classified


(Chapter 17 IBC code)
SEAM 4 - Cargo Handling and Stowage
Chemical Tanker Cargo Segregation and Compatibility
Why segregation?
•In the case of two or more liquid chemical cargoes which react with one another in a hazardous
manner, segregation must be done.
•The product data sheets (MSDS), together with the BCH/IBC Codes are to be studied carefully to
determine the compatibility restrictions when carrying different groups of cargoes.
•Cofferdams and other void spaces may be included in the cargo- tank area to provide segregation of
groups of tanks.
SEAM 4 - Cargo Handling and Stowage
Chemical Tanker Cargo Segregation and Compatibility
Compatibility with Water / Stowage of Heated Cargoes
•Some chemical cargoes are not compatible and may even be reactive with water therefore, due
consideration is necessary to avoid stowage of such cargoes adjacent to the water ballast tanks.
•It is also a requirement that the heating coils are to be blown through, cleaned and blanked off, or
thermal oil used as a heating medium.
•It is recommended that a cargo to be heated is not stowed adjacent to cargoes which have a low
boiling point because the excess evaporation will result in consequent cargo loss and possible vapour
hazards.
•As a safe margin, the maximum temperature of the heated cargo must be 10°C below the boiling point
of the unheated cargo.
SEAM 4 - Cargo Handling and Stowage
Chemical Tanker Cargo Segregation and Compatibility

Compatibility with the Coatings of the Cargo Tanks


•The suitability of the coating of tanks for loading various chemicals and products must be checked
against the paint manufacturer’s data sheets before cargoes are assigned to tanks.
•Also temperature limits imposed by the relevant coatings are not to be exceeded.
•Epoxy coatings are capable of absorption of certain chemicals, which could later be released resulting in
contamination of future cargoes and possible safety hazards.
•Similarly “metal pick-up” form recently applied zinc coatings could contaminate sensitive cargoes.

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