Blockchain Supply Chain Management

DApp

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements

of the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering

by

Anujeet Kunturkar (30)

Mervis Mascarenhas (34)

Nilesh Mishra (35)

Nadar Maheshwaran Ganeshan (37)

Supervisor:

Prof. Omprakash Yadav

Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Engineering

Department of Computer Engineering

Xavier Institute of Engineering
University of Mumbai
2024-2025
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project “Blockchain Supply Chain Management DApp” is
a bonafide work of

Anujeet Kunturkar (30)

Mervis Mascarenhas (34)

Nilesh Mishra (35)

Nadar Maheshwaran Ganeshan (37)

submitted to the University of Mumbai in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award
of the degree of “Bachelor of Engineering” in “Computer Engineering”.

————————————–
Prof. Omprakash Yadav
Supervisor

————————————– ————————————–
Prof. Kavita Jain Dr. Y.D. Venkatesh
HOD of Computer Engineering Principal
 Project Report Approval

This project entitled ”Blockchain Supply Chain Management DApp” by

Anujeet Kunturkar (30)

Mervis Mascarenhas (34)

Nilesh Mishra (35)

Nadar Maheshwaran Ganeshan (37)

is approved for “Bachelor of Engineering” in “Computer Engineering” by University

of Mumbai during the academic year 2024-2025.

Examiner:

1.
(External Examiner)

2. Prof. Omprakash Yadav

(Internal Examiner)

Date:

Place: Mumbai
Table of Contents

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Problem Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.2 Aims and Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2 Technologies used 5

3 Methodology 6

4 Description 7

5 Proposed System 8

5.1 Features provided . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

6 Results 10

6.1 Producer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

6.2 Distributor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

6.3 Retailer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

7 Conclusion and Future Scope 13

7.1 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

7.2 Future Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

8 Acknowledgement 15
1 Introduction
Supply chain management is an essential aspect of modern industries, where goods and services
must be efficiently tracked and delivered from manufacturers to consumers. Traditional supply
chain systems often face challenges such as lack of transparency, inefficiencies in tracking, fraud,
and delays. Blockchain technology offers a solution by providing a decentralized, transparent,
and secure platform for managing and tracking products throughout the supply chain. In
this project, we have built a decentralized application (DApp) for supply chain management,
leveraging blockchain’s key features to improve transparency, security, and efficiency.
Blockchain’s immutable ledger ensures that every transaction and event in the supply chain is
securely recorded. Through smart contracts, the system can automate crucial processes such
as verification of product authenticity, inventory updates, and automatic release of payments
upon delivery of goods. Our DApp is built using Next.js for the front-end, Tailwind CSS
for responsive UI design, and Ethereum blockchain for decentralized operations, with smart
contracts governing the supply chain workflow.

1
1.1 Problem Definition

The primary issues in traditional supply chain management systems include a lack of trans-
parency, risk of data tampering, and inefficiency in tracking products[2]. These issues can lead
to fraud, delays, and loss of consumer trust. Since traditional supply chain systems are typi-
cally centralized, they are vulnerable to manipulation and do not provide a comprehensive and
real-time view of the movement of goods across the entire supply chain.
Blockchain, with its decentralized and immutable nature, presents a powerful solution to these
problems by providing an open ledger where every action can be verified and tracked in real-
time, ensuring data integrity and eliminating the risk of tampering.

2
 1.2 Aims and Objectives

1.2.1 Aim

The primary aim of this project is to develop a decentralized supply chain management system
using blockchain technology that enhances transparency, security, and efficiency throughout
the supply chain. By leveraging blockchain’s immutable and decentralized nature, the system
seeks to eliminate issues such as fraud, inefficiencies, and lack of trust in traditional supply
chain models. The DApp is intended to provide a trustworthy, secure, and automated plat-
form that simplifies and improves the management of goods from manufacturers to consumers.
Additionally, the project aims to explore how smart contracts can automate key supply chain
processes, minimizing human errors and improving operational efficiency.
The aim of this project is to design, develop, and deploy a decentralized application (DApp)
for supply chain management that:

• Leverages blockchain to provide a transparent and secure tracking system for goods across
the supply chain[1].

• Automates processes such as product verification and payment using smart contracts.

• Ensures real-time visibility and traceability at every stage of the supply chain.

• Enhances consumer trust by providing verifiable data on the origin and journey of prod-
ucts.

• Reduces inefficiencies, human errors, and fraud in the supply chain.

1.2.2 Objectives

To achieve these aims, the project sets the following specific objectives:

• Development of a Smart Contract Framework: Create a set of smart contracts that govern
the supply chain processes, including product registration, tracking, verification, and
automated payments.

• Transparency and Traceability: Provide real-time tracking of products from the point of
origin to the consumer, ensuring that all movements and transactions are recorded on the
blockchain.

3
• Secure Data Management: Ensure all product data and supply chain transactions are
recorded immutably on the blockchain, making it impossible to tamper with or alter
historical records.

• User Authentication and Role Management: Implement role-based access control within
the DApp, ensuring that each stakeholder (manufacturer, supplier, retailer, and con-
sumer) can only access the data relevant to their role in the supply chain.

• User-friendly Interface: Develop a responsive front-end interface using Next.js and Tail-
wind CSS that allows users to easily interact with the blockchain and manage supply
chain processes.

• Automated Payments: Utilize smart contracts to automatically trigger payments once

certain conditions (e.g., successful delivery of goods) are met, ensuring seamless financial
transactions between stakeholders.

• Product Verification for Consumers: Allow consumers to verify the authenticity of prod-
ucts by scanning blockchain-stored identifiers, thereby ensuring trust in the product’s
origin and quality.

• Testing and Deployment: Thoroughly test the DApp in a simulated environment before
deploying it on the Ethereum blockchain, ensuring its functionality, scalability, and secu-
rity.

4
2 Technologies used
This project leverages a combination of cutting-edge technologies to build a decentralized, ef-
ficient, and user-friendly supply chain management system. Blockchain technology, specifically
Ethereum, is used as the backbone of the application to ensure data immutability and trans-
parency. Smart contracts, written in Solidity, automate essential processes such as product
tracking and payments. The front-end is developed using Next.js for efficient rendering and
Tailwind CSS for a responsive and modern user interface. Additionally, Web3.js facilitates
interaction between the front-end and blockchain, ensuring smooth data exchange and trans-
action execution.

• Blockchain (Ethereum): Ethereum was chosen as the blockchain platform due to its wide
adoption, support for smart contracts, and decentralized applications. The Ethereum
blockchain ensures the immutability and transparency of transactions recorded in the
system.

• Smart Contracts (Solidity): Smart contracts are self-executing programs deployed on the
blockchain that enforce the terms of an agreement automatically. In this project, smart
contracts handle product verification, recording inventory, and managing payments.

• Next.js: Next.js is a powerful React framework used to build the front-end of the DApp.
Its server-side rendering (SSR) capabilities improve performance, making the application
responsive and user-friendly.

• Tailwind CSS: Tailwind CSS is a utility-first CSS framework that helps in designing a
responsive and modern UI. It allows for rapid development of clean and consistent styles
across the application.

• Web3.js: This library is used to interact with the Ethereum blockchain from the front-
end. It allows the DApp to send transactions, call smart contracts, and retrieve data
from the blockchain.

5
3 Methodology
The development of the DApp followed an agile methodology, focusing on iterative development
and testing. The steps involved in the methodology are:

• Requirement Gathering: The primary requirements for the DApp were identified, focus-
ing on transparency, security, real-time tracking, and automation of key supply chain
processes.

• Design: The design phase involved creating a system architecture where the supply chain’s
various components (manufacturers, suppliers, retailers, and consumers) are represented
as actors on the blockchain. Smart contracts were designed to automate processes and
ensure smooth execution of supply chain events.

• Development: The DApp was built using Next.js for the front-end and smart contracts
written in Solidity. Integration with the Ethereum blockchain was achieved using Web3.js,
and Tailwind CSS was used for the user interface.

• Testing: The DApp was tested in various environments to ensure the smart contracts
worked as intended and that the system could handle multiple transactions and product
tracking in real-time.

• Deployment: After successful testing, the DApp was deployed on the Ethereum blockchain,
with the front-end hosted using a cloud service.

6
4 Description
The DApp allows different actors in the supply chain (manufacturers, suppliers, retailers, and
customers) to track and verify products at every stage. Each product is assigned a unique
identifier, which is recorded on the blockchain. As the product moves through the supply
chain, transactions are added to the blockchain, providing a complete and transparent history
of the product’s journey.

• Manufacturers can register products on the blockchain and issue product authenticity
certificates.

• Suppliers can record shipping and handling information.

• Retailers can manage inventory and sales records.

• Consumers can verify the authenticity of a product by scanning its

• blockchain-registered identifier, providing trust in the origin and journey of the product.

7
5 Proposed System
The proposed system is a decentralized application (DApp) for supply chain management built
on the Ethereum blockchain. It is designed to provide a transparent, secure, and automated
platform that enables real-time tracking and verification of goods as they move through various
stages of the supply chain.
The system records each transaction immutably on the blockchain, ensuring data integrity and
preventing fraud. Smart contracts govern the automation of key processes such as product
registration, authentication, and payment transfers, eliminating the need for intermediaries.
Each participant in the supply chain, from manufacturers to consumers, has a distinct role in
the system, interacting through a user-friendly interface built with Next.js and Tailwind CSS,
ensuring ease of use and responsive functionality.

8
5.1 Features provided

• Real-time Product Tracking: The DApp allows all stakeholders to track products as
they move through the supply chain, providing a transparent view of each stage from
manufacturing to delivery.

• Product Verification: Consumers can verify the authenticity of a product by scanning a

unique identifier recorded on the blockchain, ensuring the product’s origin and quality.

• Automated Payments via Smart Contracts: The system uses smart contracts to automat-
ically trigger payments once predefined conditions, such as successful delivery, are met.
This eliminates delays and reduces disputes in financial transactions.

• Tamper-proof Records: All supply chain data is securely recorded on the blockchain,
ensuring that no information can be altered or tampered with, providing trust and ac-
countability.

• Role-based Access Control: Each participant (manufacturer, supplier, retailer, consumer)

has access to the system based on their role, ensuring that sensitive data is only visible
to the relevant stakeholders.

• User-friendly Interface: Built with Next.js and Tailwind CSS, the DApp provides a clean,
responsive, and intuitive interface for easy navigation and management of supply chain
activities.

9
6 Results
The DApp was successfully deployed on the Ethereum test network, demonstrating the effec-
tiveness of blockchain in supply chain management. The system provided real-time tracking
and transparency, reduced inefficiencies, and increased trust among stakeholders. Smart con-
tracts automated processes such as payments and product verification, improving the overall
efficiency of the supply chain.

6.1 Producer

Figure 6.1: Create Item

Figure 6.2: List of Items

Figure 6.3: Item Details

10
6.2 Distributor

Figure 6.4: Items ready for pick up

Figure 6.5: Payed Items

Figure 6.6: Shipped Items

11
6.3 Retailer

Figure 6.7: Shipment Released

Figure 6.8: Paying for Shipment

Figure 6.9: Paying for Shipment

12
7 Conclusion and Future Scope

7.1 Conclusion

The Blockchain Supply Chain Management DApp has proven to be a viable solution for en-
hancing transparency, security, and efficiency in supply chain management. By leveraging
blockchain’s immutable ledger and smart contracts, the DApp provides a secure platform for
tracking goods in real-time, ensuring the authenticity of products, and automating critical sup-
ply chain processes. The project successfully demonstrates how decentralized applications can
revolutionize traditional supply chain systems.

Overall, this project provides a robust proof of concept for blockchain’s application in supply
chain management, proving that decentralized systems can improve both transparency and
efficiency in industries where accountability and traceability are critical.

7.2 Future Scope

The future scope of the Blockchain Supply Chain Management DApp is promising, with nu-
merous opportunities for enhancement and expansion. Key areas for development include the
integration of IoT devices for real-time monitoring[5, 2], which would significantly improve
transparency and automation across various industries. To address scalability issues on the
Ethereum blockchain, incorporating Layer 2 solutions like Optimistic or zk-Rollups could en-
hance transaction speed and reduce costs[4]. Additionally, enabling cross-chain compatibility
would allow for broader usability across different blockchain ecosystems, further increasing the
DApp’s versatility. Incorporating AI and machine learning[6] could optimize supply chain pro-
cesses through predictive analytics and inventory management.
Moreover, expanding user roles and permission structures would facilitate compliance and secu-
rity for stakeholders. Tailoring the DApp for specific industries and exploring deployment op-
tions on private or consortium blockchains would cater to diverse organizational needs. Lastly,
ensuring regulatory compliance with evolving standards will be essential for the DApp’s long-
term viability and acceptance in the market[3].

13
References
[1] Gunnar Prause. “Smart Contracts for Smart Supply Chains”. In: IFAC-PapersOnLine
52.13 (2019). 9th IFAC Conference on Manufacturing Modelling, Management and Con-
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ifacol.2019.11.582. url: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/
S2405896319315691.

[2] Javid Moosavi et al. “Blockchain in supply chain management: a review, bibliometric, and
network analysis”. In: Environmental Science and Pollution Research (Feb. 2021), pp. 1–
15. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13094-3.

[3] Kai Wannenwetsch et al. “Blockchain for Supply Chain Management: A Literature Review
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[4] Emel Yontar. “The role of blockchain technology in the sustainability of supply chain man-
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[5] Arya Kharche, Sanskar Badholia, and Ram Krishna Upadhyay. “Implementation of blockchain
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[6] Anand Prakash. “Blockchain Technology for Supply Chain Management: Enhancing Trans-
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//journals.icapsr.com/index.php/ijgasr/article/view/73.

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8 Acknowledgement
We are deeply grateful to Prof. Omprakash Yadav, Department of Computer Engineering, for
his invaluable guidance, constant encouragement, and expert advice throughout the develop-
ment of this project. His support and constructive feedback were instrumental in shaping our
work and ensuring its successful completion.

We also extend our heartfelt thanks to the faculty members and staff for their ongoing support
and the collaborative academic environment they fostered. Additionally, we appreciate the
inspiration and assistance from peers and colleagues, whose encouragement helped us overcome
challenges.

Finally, sincere thanks to our team members for their cooperation, dedication, and shared
vision, without which this project would not have been completed successfully.

15