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Kinetic theory of gases - 2

Degrees of freedom in a dynamical system refer to the number of coordinates required to describe its position and configuration. The law of equipartition of energy states that energy is equally distributed among the various degrees of freedom in thermal equilibrium, impacting specific heat calculations for monoatomic, diatomic, and polyatomic gases. Additionally, the mean free path of gas molecules is influenced by factors such as molecular mass and density.

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10 views10 pages

Kinetic theory of gases - 2

Degrees of freedom in a dynamical system refer to the number of coordinates required to describe its position and configuration. The law of equipartition of energy states that energy is equally distributed among the various degrees of freedom in thermal equilibrium, impacting specific heat calculations for monoatomic, diatomic, and polyatomic gases. Additionally, the mean free path of gas molecules is influenced by factors such as molecular mass and density.

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sidharthv.7a
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DEGREES OF FREEDOM - The degrees ef freedom of a dynamical system axe define as the total] number of co-ordinates xagetrcd to descuthe complete ly the posihon and configuration Cf the system . The clegnaas of freedom Fa ssystem Yay also be defined as the total numba Of brdepenclers, ways i cbich the pasticles cf the system aan alksoalo eneagy . => Motion ha staaight bine aes Oleg x2e freedom & one = Moeten bra plane. —> degree of freedom th tuo => Motion In space . where , N) = no. of particles in the system k => no. of trdependent relations beteueen ‘the partZles. s = ==> Moroatomic gas fa Ss Cnee N=1, k=O ==> Deatowi. qos: i ree yy. 2 ,k=4 , | 3B translational R-> rotational . => -Trdatomic ges - DV tg-ab Lions Brclceuba [eoauicss, Hen nee W=3,k=3 B). In a von whens po -[H20, 50e “] 23 k=2 AN LAW OF. EQUIPARTITION OF ENERGY: ; At stotes.thet in ang dynamical | systens in thearmal equllleaiann , the ensagy 2 equally distatbuted arnongst tts vaslous apie of freedom ord. the enexgy assocloted cuit | ead cegaa of freedom» Pex rnolectile & KT, | Cohene Key us Boltewnann’s “constant and T és — | the alsolbete tear cf Hoe system. Actording to the Kinetic toeay ot gare bey = 3 kT Uber T° 8 the ean square velocite, of a gas molecide of mass 1 - Va VE + UP 4 UE - bro + bre + bnew? = kr Sime the rrolecelar motin 2 xandem , the average KE of arch mclecehe along each ct the Haze axes 3 the same . Pe cepes cf tdblone i ol Ber) SPacIFIC “HEAT Or’ Gases:: FOR foowo Atomic GASES: TT SS. GASES ve Ty case of. He ; Ax ete, legos of freedom — 3 overage enagy assocloctecl coi Hoace agsees of freedom pox moleceda ea = BAT. + the total tmteunal energy Of one mde — cf A Monocatome ge, ies) a, VU = SkeT x My. = SRT [: Kote ®) qhe molar spoutic hail capouty att constant | volume cil be , . ~ G2)R® A\e- a (ewe. ~ FOR DIATOMIC GAPSES - | a): the molecules of « S No2,02 etc | beraves as a aigid sotato, at rrodesate | temperate . | The total enegy od avrwole of ie gars, s r Us. Shr 1 oe ak er rn, SRT poe 5 2" a Cp = Cv +R = a eR. 2 f 2 Gp eee (%)R eS Y=te D). ot the cliatomia molecule dock xigid but has also a Ubsat&nal rede , ther an addikvornt energy 2x L ket = keT will be tex. v= [Bags eT] ra = tignht = Zat 2 * Gites died spay ” rao cp = tR= Ae. 1} a 4 A) Renova av V = 4-28 FOR TRIATONIG Geses : a a). Non- Wnear gase. U2. Ki ih), = 301 cy = aU = 3R . eT Sp. = Sv 4+R =A4R, eee od — 1.55 BD. hinear gases , Tee 4 & clireetly proportional to ‘the roass OF the. gas molecule . | =; Ae | tb foversely properdtoral ‘to the density of the gas. | —> > Saeed 25 banal, epoin tte at the rnolecular diameter : = A -2T, ep > eae ‘teropeidteaa of the, gas, ~ Ao | BE vevely prapatianal 0 the presen ee

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