Current Electricity

1. What is charge? What is meant by saying that electric charge is conserved?

2. What is meant by ‘Quantisation of charge’?
3. Who conducts electricity in case of metals?
4. Is pure water a conductor or an insulator? Do insulators not have free electrons?
5. Are gases conductors or insulators? How about ionized gases?
6. What is electric current? Define if quantitatively. Write its SI unit.
7. A conductor carries a current of 0.1 A. Calculate the amount of charge that passes through the cross-
section of the conductor in 1 minute. If electronic charge is 1.6 × 10 –19 C, how many electrons will
flow in this time interval.
8. An electric iron draws a current of 1 A when voltage is 100 V. Calculate the amount of charged
flowing through it in two hours. If voltage is now changed to 400 V, will it make any difference to
the current flowing?
9. What is the relation between electric potential energy and electric potential?
10. What is a connecting wire usually made of What resistance does it have?
11. What does a galvanometer do in an electric circuit? Does it have positive (+) and negative ( –)
terminals?
12. How is an ammeter connected in an electric circuit?
13. How is a voltmeter connected in an electric circuit?
14. What is electric resistance of a conductor? What are the factors on which it depends?
15. A graph between I and V is given. What is its slope called? Plot the corresponding graph between I
and V. Will the slope of the graph remain same?

16. How much work is done is moving a charge of 2.5 C across two points having a potential difference
of 16 V.?
17. The potential difference between the terminals of an electric heater is 80 V when it draws a current of
8 A from the source. What current will the heater draw if the potential difference is increased 100 V?
18. A torch bulb when cold has a resistance of 12 . It draws a current of 0.2 A when glowing from a
source of 6 V. Calculate the resistance of the bulb when glowing. Also, explain the reason for the
difference in resistance.
19. Is resistance of conductor same as its resistivity? What are the factors on which resistivity of a
conductor depends? Write it SI unit.
20. Name the metal which is the best conductor of electricity. Does it have largest or least resistivity?
21. What is the approximate resistance of human body?
22. Find the resistance of 5 km long copper wire of radius 1 mm. Resistivity of copper is 1.72 × 10 – 8 
m.
23. Which material has least resistivity?
24. An 8  wire is doubled on itself. Calculate the new resistance.
25. A wire of resistance 4  is stretched to double its length. Find its new resistance.
26. When the length of a wire is stretched n times its length, its resistance becomes n2 times the original
resistance. Prove it.
27. Two copper wires P and Q of length 50 m and 10m have radii 2 cm. and 1 cm respectively. Compare
their resistances. Which will have more resistance?
28. What is the reciprocal of resistance called?
29. What sets the electrons into motion in an electric circuit?
30. Which is more conducting: silver or gold?
31. Does charge vary with velocity?
32. Which is a better insulator: glass or ebonite?
33. What is meant by the term load in an electric circuit?
34. Name the physical quantity to which electric potential is analogous to.
35. Graphs between electric current and potential difference between three conductors P. Q and S are
shown. Which conductor has least resistance?

36. Why is tungsten metal used for making filaments of incandescent lamps?
37. Three copper wires has lengths and cross sectional areas as:
38. At what temperature does mercury become superconductor?
39. What is the resistance of a superconductor?
40. Two metallic wires P and Q are connected in parallel. P has length l and radius r, and Q has length 2l
and radius 2r. Find the ratio of the total resistance of the combination and the resistance of wire P?
41. I-V graph of a metallic wire of a given length and area of cross – section is shown in the figure. Will
the slope of the graph in the figure? Will the slope of the graph change if the length of the wire is
increased?
42. When are resistances to be in (i) series (ii) parallel? Which combination is preferred, when?
43. Does current in a series circuit depend upon the relative positions of the resistors?
44. The equivalent resistance when n equal resistors are joined in series is R1 and the equivalent

resistance when these are joined in parallel is R2. What is ?

45. State whether following statements are true or false.
(i) The equivalent resistance is larger than the largest resistance in a series circuit.
(ii) The equivalent resistance is smaller than the smallest resistance in a parallel circuit.
46. A parallel combination of three resistors takes 7.5 A from a supply of 30 V. If two resistors are 10
and 12, find the third resistor.
47. A wire whose resistance is 40  is cut into three pieces of equal lengths which are then joined in
parallel. Calculate the resistance of the combination.
48. A combination consists of three resistors in series. If the resistance of each resistor is 4 , find the
resistance of this combination.
49. Five resistors, each 2 , are connected as shown in figure. Calculate the resistance between (i) and
points B and C (ii) points D and E.

50. For the combination of resistors shown in figure, find the equivalent resistance between
(i) P and Q (ii) A and B

51. Calculate the equivalent resistance of the network across P and Q.

52. Calculate the number of electrons constituting 1 c of charge.
53. Will current flow more easily through a thick wire or a thin wire of the same material when
connected to the same source?
54. The V – I graphs of parallel and series combinations of two metallic resistors are shown in figure.
Which graph represents the (i) and series combination (ii) parallel combination?

55. Name two special characteristics of a heater coil.

56. Name as substance whose resistance decreases with temperature?
57. Which will have higher resistivity: a conductor or an insulator?
58. Why is resistance more in series combination of resistors?
59. Why is resistance less in parallel combination of resistors?
60. A wire of resistivity  is stretched to double its length. What is its new resistivity?
61. What is the resistance of connecting wire?
62. What is the resistance of air gap?
63. What is the resistance of an ammeter?
64. What is the resistance of a voltmeter?
65. Two students perform experiments on series and parallel combinations of two given resistors R 1 and
R2 and plot following graphs. Which of the graphs is (are) correctly labelled in terms of the words
‘series’ and ‘parallel’. Justify your answer.

66. Calculate the equivalent resistance between P and Q in the combinations.

 Unsolved Numerical Problems

Level I (Elementary)

1. Calculate the force on an electron in a field of 1500 N/C. Take the charge of an electron to be 1.6
×10–19 C.
2. Three resistances, each equal to 5 , are connected in series with a cell of 1.2 V. Find the
magnitude of current in the circuits.
3. An electric bulb connected to a 220 V supply line draws a current of 0.05 A. Calculate the
amount of coulombs per second flowing through the bulb.
4. The resistances of 5 , 10  and 15  are connected in series across the extreme ends. Calculate
the current passing through the circuit.
5. An equilateral triangle is formed with each side having a resistance of 2 . What is the effective
resistance across any side.
6. A battery of 6 V is connected in series with three resistors of 12 , 6  and 4 as shown in Fig.
4.59 is the current through each of the resistors the same? Calculate the potential difference
across each resistor.

7. In the circuit shown in Fig. 4.60, calculate the

(a) Current flowing through the arms AB, AC and CDE
(b) Potential difference across AB, CD and DE.
8. A charged body has lost 103 electrons. Find the magnitude of charge on the body.
9. Two electrons are 1 m apart, show that the force between them is 2.304 × 10– 5 N.
10. How many electrons must be removed from a pith ball to give it a charge of 6.4 ×10–12 C?

Level II (Conceptual)

1. Fifty lamps each of resistance 100  are connected in parallel across a 220 V main. Find (a) the
power consumed in watts, and (b) the cost of operating the lamps for 20 hours at 10 paise per
kWh.
2. Three equal resistors connected in series across a source of e.m.f. together dissipate 10 W of
power. What should be the power dissipated if the resistors are connected in parallel across the
same e.m.f.?

3.
a. In the network shown in Fig. 4.61, what is the total resistance between A and B?
b. The resistance of two conductors joined in series is 8  and in parallel is 1.5 . Show that
the resistance are 6  and 2  respectively.
4. In the network shown below (Fig. 4.62) calculate the effective resistance between A and B.

5. A cloud is at a potential of 2 × 10 4 V relative to the ground. When lightning strikes the ground, a
charge of 86 C is transferred to the ground. Calculate the work done.
6. Prove, by taking an example, that the resistance of the combination is always less than the least
single resistance in the arrangement, in the case of resistances connected in parallel.
7. In the following circuit (Fig.4.63) prove that I1 R1 = I2 R2.
What is the significance of this relation?

8. If electrons are cause to fall through a potential difference of 10 5 V, determine their final speed if
they were initially at rest.
9. Find the electrical force between the electrons and proton of the normal hydrogen atom and
compare it with the gravitational force between them. Given: mass of proton = 1.7 × 10 –27 kg,
average separation between the electron and proton = 5.3 × 10 –11 m, and G = 6.67 × 10–11 N
m2/kg2.
10. How much work is required to be done to move a charge of 10 –6 C from a point at a potential of
1000 V to another point at 1025 V?
11. What is the value of r in the following network? The effective resistance of the network between
PQ is 1 .

12. What is the value of r in the following network if 1 A current flow through the circuit?

13. What is the magnitude of I in the circuit?

14. What is the value of r in the following network if the resistance across AB is 1 ?
15. When the resistance are connected in series and in parallel. Their equivalent resistance are 10 

and  respectively. What are the individual resistances?

16. In the circuit diagram:
(i) What is the value of I?
(ii) What is p.d. across 6 ?
(iii) What is p.d. across 4 ?

17. In the circuit diagram:

(i) What is the current shown by the ammeter?
(ii) What is the p.d. across 2 ?

18. What is the value of I in the circuit?

19. (a) In the fig. 4.7 (a), what is the potential difference across.
(i) AB
(ii) BC?
(b) What do there p.d. become, when the circuit is altered as in Fig. 4.71 (b)?

20. Resistors of 500  and 3000  are placed in series with a 60 V supply. What will be the reading
on a voltmeter of internal resistance 2000 , when placed across

(a) the 500  resistor

(b) the 3000  are resistor?

21. A cell has e.m.f. of 1.08 V and an internal resistance of 0.5 . When it is connected in series with
resistor of R, the potential difference between the terminals fell to 0.96 V. What was the value of R?

22. Find the resistance of a piece of wire 100 cm long and area of cross-section 0.25 mm 2. Resistivity
of the material of the wire is 10–6  m.

23. A wire of length 1 m and uniform diameter has a resistance of 1.05 . What length of the wire of
the same material, but having half the diameter, would be needed to make a 5  coil?

24. A wire 150 cm long and diameter 1.0 mm is made of an alloy of resistivity 44 ×10 –8 m. What is
the resistance of the wire?

25. A copper wire is stretched to double its length. Keeping the volume same. If the original
resistance of the wire is 4 . What is the final resistance?

26. What is the resistance between P and Q?

 27. If the wire has resistance of 1.32 , a length of 110 cm, and an area of cross – section of 0.004 15
cm2. find the resistivity of the material of which it is made.

28. (i) A wire 0.40 m long and of diameter 0.60 mm has a resistance of 1.5 . What is the resistivity

of the material of which it is made?

(ii) A voltmeter of 1000 ohm resistance reads 200 V when connected across a battery of 60 

internal resistance. What is the e.m.f. of the battery?

29. Resistors are connected as in Fig. 4.73 and a p.d. of 12 V is applied across them. S1 and S2 are

switches. Calculate

(a) the total resistance when both S1 and S2 are closed.

(b) the total current supplied when both switches S1 and S2 are closed.

(c) the current in 3  resistor when switch S1 is closed and switch S2 open.

Objective Questions

1. A wire of drawn such that its radius changes from r to 2r. The new resistance is:

a. times b. 4 times c. 8 times d. times

2. Three metallic wires have lengths and cross-sectional areas as (L, A); and . The
resistance will be minimum in:
a. Wire of cross-section area A/2
b. Wire of cross-section area A
c. Wire of cross-section area 2 A
d. Same in all the three cases
3. SI unit of specific resistance is-
a.  b.  m c. m–1 d. m–2
4. The equivalent resistance between the points P and Q is-
a. 6  b. 3  c. 2  d. 1 

5. I-V characteristic of a copper wire of length L and area of cross – section A is shown in figure. The
slope of the curve becomes:

a. Less if the length of the wire is increased

b. More if the length of the wire is increased
c. More if the experiment is formed at higher temperature
d. More if a wire of steel of same dimensions is used.
6. The plot which shows the dependence of current (I) on potential difference (V) across a resistance R
is:

7. The V – I graph of three resistors P, Q and S are as shown in figure. Which resistor has maximum
resistance?
a. P
 b. Q
c. S
d. All have equal resistance

8. The V–I graphs of a metallic conductor at temperature T1, and T2 are shown in figure. We may
conclude:
a. T1 = T2
b. T1 > T2
c. T1 < T2
d. T1 and T2 cannot be compared

9. How much energy is given to each coulomb of charge passing through 10 V battery?
a. 1J b. 10 J c. 10 KWh d. None of these
10. The number of electrons constituting one coulomb of charge is-
a. 3.5 × 1016 b. 6.45 × 1017 c. 6.25 × 1018 d. 1.6 × 1019
11. What is the lowest total resistance that can be secured by combination of four coils of resistance 4 ,
8 , 12  and 24 ?

a. 2 b. 1  c. d. 0.1 
12. If a wire of resistance 5 is stretched to three times the length, its resistance will become.

a. b. 15  c. 35  d. 0.1 
13. The resistivity of a wire:
a. Varies with length
 b. Varies with its cross-section
c. Varies with its mass
d. Is independent of length, cross-section and mass of the wire.
14. The resistance of a straight conductor is independent of:
a. Temperature
b. Material
c. Cross-section
d. Shape of cross-section
15. A wire of resistance R is stretched m times its original length. Its new resistance will becomes

a. mR b. m2R c. d.
16. The V–I graph of a resistor is show in figure. If the resistance is determined at points A, B and C, then
it is found that resistance at-
a. A, B and C are equal
b. C is lower than that at B
c. B is lower than that at A
d. B is higher than that at A
17. 1 Kwh is equal to-
a. 3.6 × 103 J b. 3.6 × 105 J c. 3.6 × 106 J d. 3.6 × 108 J
18. A multimeter is used to measure:
a. Current only
b. Voltage only
c. Resistance only
d. Current, resistance and voltage
19. A number of cells when connected in series, form:
a. a battery
b. a generator
c. an inverter
d. a battery eliminator
20. The current in the circuit shown in figure is:
 a. 3 A b. 2 a c. 1 A d. 0.75 A
21. Refer to Q.20, the potential drop across the points P and Q of the circuit is-
a. 0.75 V b. 1.5 V c. 2.25 V d. 3 V
22. Which of the following is not the unit of energy?
a. Joule b. Me V c. kWh d. Watt m–2
23. An equilateral resistance is formed with each side having a resistance of 6 . What is the resistance
across any side of the triangle?
a. 2  b. 6  c. 4  d. None of these

II. True or False

State whether the following statements are ‘True or False:

1. Ohm’s law does not apply to radio valves and transistors. [ ]

2. An ammeter is always connected in series in the circuit. [ ]
3. A Voltmeter can only be connected in series in the series in the circuit. [ ]
4. A voltmeter has low resistance. [ ]
5. Current is a vector physical quantity. [ ]
6. The charge of an electron is larger that a coulomb. [ ]
7. A kilowatt hour is larger than a joule. [ ]
8. An electron volt is larger than a joule. [ ]
9. 1 eV = 1.602 × 10–19 C [ ]
10. 1 kWh = 3.6 × 106 joules [ ]
11. The positive and negative charges produced by rubbing two materials are equal [ ]
12. The materials in which charges move easily are called insulators. [ ]
13. The materials in which charges are bond are called conductors. [ ]
14. Ohmic conductors do not obey Ohm’s law. [ ]
15. The reciprocal of resistance is known as specific conductance. [ ]
16. The resistivity of a copper wire is infinitely large. [ ]
17. Resistivity is measure in ohm metre. [ ]
18. Voltmeter is used to measure electric intensity. [ ]
19. The SI unit of electric intensity is N. [ ]
20. e.m.f. of a cell is expressed in joule. [ ]

III. Fill in the blanks

Fill in the blanks using suitable word:

1. I volt × 1 coulomb = _________________ .

2. Potential difference is a ________________ quantity.
3. The potential difference is measure by means of an instrument called _________________ .
4. A voltmeter has a high ____________________ .
5. The SI unit of potential difference is _____________________.
6. An ammeter should have very ____________________ resistance.
7. I A = ________________ A.
8. The SI unit of electric current is ______________________ .
9. I A = __________________ m A.
10. Electric current is the flow of __________________ in a metal wire when a cell is applied across its
ends.
11. The substance having very low electrical resistance are called ____________________ .
12. The substance having infinitely high electrical resistance are called __________________ .
13. One coulomb per second is ___________________.
14. The SI unit of resistance is ____________________ .
15. I watt = I volt × _____________________ .
16. The SI unit of electric power is ____________________ .
17. The commercial unit of electrical energy is ____________________ .
18. 1 kWh = __________________________ J.
19. The reciprocal of resistance is called ____________________ .
20. The slope of voltage (along y-axis) and current (along x-axis) is called______________.
21. The resistance of copper _____________ with increase in temperature.
22. The resistance of a semiconductor _______________ with increase.

IV. Multiple choice Questions

Tick () the correct choice amongst the following:

1. When a body is negatively charged by friction, it means

a. The body has acquired excess of electrons
b. The body has acquired excess of protons
c. The body has lost some electrons
d. The body has lost some neutrons
2. An electric charge on a body produces
a. A magnetic field only
b. An electric field only
c. Both electric and magnetic field
d. Neither electric nor magnetic field
3. There is no flow of current between two charged bodies when connected because
a. They have the same quantity of charge
b. They have the same potential
 c. They have the same capacity
d. They have the same ratio of potential per unit charge
4. If a charged body attracts another body, the charge on the other body.
a. Must be negative
b. Must be negative
c. Must be zero
d. May be negative or positive or zero
5. Electromotive force represents
a. Force
b. Energy
c. Energy per unit charge
d. Current
6. The unit of e.m.f. of cell is
a. Dyne b. volt c. ampere d. joule
7. Number of kilowatt-hours

a. Time in seconds b. time in hours c. time in minutes d. time in days

8. The commonly used safety fuse wire is made of –
a. Copper
b. Lead
c. Nickel
d. An alloy of tin and lead
9. Kilowatt hour is the unit of
a. Power b. energy c. impulse d. force
10. 1 kWh is equal to
a. 3 × 106 MJ b. 3.6 × 105 MJ c. 3.6 × 102 MJ d. 3.6 MJ
11. Electron volt is the unit of
a. Energy b. charge c. potential difference d. charge to mass
12. 1 Me V is equal to
a. 1.6 × 10-19 J b. 1.6 × 10-13 J c. 1.6 × 10-14 J d. 1.6 × 1013 J

13. A man has five resistors each of value . What is the maximum resistance he can obtain by
connecting them?

a. 1  b. 5  c.  d. 
14. What is the minimum resistance that one can obtain by connecting all the five resistances given in
question 13?

a.  b.  c.  d. 
15. Materials which allow larger currents to flow through them are called:-
a. Insulators b. semiconductors c. conductors d. alloys
16. If I is the current through a wire and e is the charge of electron, then the number of electrons in t
seconds will be given by-

a. b. Ite c. e/It d. It/e

17. Conventionally, the direction of the current is taken as:-
a. The direction of flow to negative charge
b. The direction of flow of atoms
c. The direction of flow of molecules
d. The direction of flow of positive charge
18. How will the reading in the ammeter A be affected if another identical bulb Q is connected in parallel
to P? (Fig. 4.74). The voltage in the mains is maintained at a constant value.

a. The reading will be reduced to one-half.

b. The reading will not be affected.
c. The reading will be double the previous value.
d. The reading will be increased four-fold.
19. In the circuit shown below, the ammeter A reads 5 A and the voltmeter V reads 20 V (Fig. 4.75) The
correct value of resistance R is-

a. Exactly 4 
b. Slightly greater than 4 
c. Slightly less than 4 
 d. Zero
20. The force between two parallel wires carrying currents has been used to define
a. Ampere b. coulomb c. volt d. watt
21. The unit of specific resistance is
a. Ohm b. ohm c. ohm-metre d. ohm per metre
22. What is the current in the circuit shown (Fig. 4.76).
a. 1.5 A b. 0.5 A c. 2.5 A d. None of these

23. If the length of a wire is doubled and its cross-section is also double, then the resistance will.
a. Increase eight times
b. Decrease four times
c. Become four times
d. Remain unchanged
24. In the circuit shown in Fig. 4.77, the reading of the voltmeter V will be-
a. 4 V b. 2 V c. 6 V d. 3 V

25. Five identical resistance coils are connected in the network as shown in Fig. 4.78 and the resistance
measured between A and B is 1 . Then the individual coils must have a resistance of

a. 1  b.  c.  d. 
26. In Fig 4.79, distance (d) between conductors carrying currents I1 and I2 is varied. Which of the
following graphs (Fig. 4.80) correctly represents the variation of force (F) between the conductors and
distance (d)?

27. In question 26, which of the following graphs correctly represents the variation between F and I/d?

28. A magnetic field cannot exert any force on a

a. Moving magnet
b. Stationary magnet
c. Moving charge
d. Stationary charge
29. A suitable unit for expressing the strength of electric field is-
 a. V/C b. C/m c. N/C d. C/N
30. I volt equals
a. I joule
b. I joule per coulomb
c. I coulomb per metre
d. I newton per coulomb
31. 1 Vm–1 equals
a. 1 NC–1 b. 1 NC–2 c. 1 Jm–1 d. 1 Jm–2
32. The reciprocal of resistance is conductance. If the unit of resistance is ohm, the unit of conductance
will be-
a. Ohm b. volt c. mho d. ohm metre–1
33. Which of the following networks yields maximum effective resistance between A and B?

34. Which of the following networks yields minimum current?

35. What is the total resistance between A and B in the given network (Fig. 4.84)? Given the resistance of
the galvanometer as 40.

a. 1  b. 2  c.  d. None of these
36. What is the resistance between A and B in the given network (Fig.4.85(a)]?

a. 2 b. 3  c.  d. 
37. What is the resistance between A and B in the given network. (Fig. 4.85 (b)?

a.  b.  c. 2  d. 
38. Good conductors have many loosely bound
a. Atoms b. molecules c. protons d. electrons
39. One ampere equals
a. 106 A b. 10–6 A c. 10–3 A d. 10 A
40. In which of the circuits shown in Fig. 4.86 will the galvanometer (G = 100) show no deflection?

41. How many electrons constitute a current of one microampere?

 a. 6.25 × 106 b. 6.25 × 1012 c. 6.25 × 109 d. 6.25 × 1015

42. A person connects four  cells in series but one cell has its terminals reversed. The external
resistance is 1 . If each cell has an e.m.f. of 1.5 V, the current flowing is-

a. A b. A c. 1.5 A d. Zero
43. The equivalent resistance between P and Q (Fig. 4.87) will be

a. 7  b. 2  c.  d. 1 

44. If a wire of resistance 1  is stretched to double its length, then the resistance will become.

a.  b. 2  c.  d. 4 
45. Which switch in the circuit (Fig.4.88) when closed will produce short-circuiting?
a. A b. B c. C d. None of these

46. Seven identical lamps of resistance 2200  each are connected to a 220 V line as shown in Fig. 4.89.
Then the reading in the ammeter will be.

a. A b. A c. A d. A
47. What is the resistance between A and B in the following circuit (Fig.4.90)?

a. 1  b. 2  c.  d. 

48. Three identical bulbs are connected to a battery as shown in Fig. 4.91. When the circuit is closed by
means of the switch S, it is found that
a. R will be bright, but Q and P dim
b. P, Q and R, all will be equally bright
c. Q and R will immediately burn out
d. P will be bright, but Q and R dim

49. The fact that current is associated with a magnetic field was discovered by-
a. Oersted b. Maxwell c. Faraday d. Ohm
50. What is the resistance between P and Q?

a. b. c. d. infinity

51. The unit of conductance can’t be expressed in-

a. mho b. (ohm)–1 c. siemen d. ohm m–1
52. The SI unit of specific resistance is-
 a. ohm m b. ohm m–1 c. ohm m2 d. (ohm)–1
53. The reciprocal of resistivity of a conductor is-
a. Conductance b. capacitance c. conductivity d. None of these
54. The slope of current (I) versus voltage (V) is called-
a. Resistance b. resistivity c. conductivity d. conductance

55. The slope of voltage (V) versus current (I) is called

a. resistance b. conductance c. resistivity d. conductivity

Fig.4.94
56. For a metallic conductor, current versus voltage graph is drawn at two difference temperature T 1 and
T2. From the graph it follows:
a. T1 = T2
b. T1 > T2
c. T1 < T2
d. Nothing can be decided

Fig. 4.95
57. For a metallic conductor, voltage versus current graph is drawn at two difference temperature T 1 and
T2. From the graph it follows:
a. T1 = T2
b. T1 > T2
 c. T1 < T2
d. Nothing can be decided

Fig. 4.96

58. What is the current (I) in the circuit?

a. A b. 2 A c. A d. None of these

59. The resistance of germanium _______________ with rise in temperature.

a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. Remains the same
d. First increases then decreases
60. A suitable unit for expressing electric field strength is
a. V/C b. C/m2 c. Am d. N/C
61. The effective resistance of a circuit containing resistances in parallel is-
a. Equal to the sum of the individual resistances
b. Smaller than any of the individual resistances
c. Greater than any of the individual resistances
d. Sometimes greater and sometimes smaller than the individual resistances
62. Electric intensity is
a. A scalar quantity
b. A vector quantity
c. Neither scalar nor vector
d. Sometimes scalar and sometimes vector
63. Electric potential is-
a. a scalar quantity
b. a vector quantity
c. neither scalar nor vector
d. sometimes scalar and sometimes vector
64. Choose the only vector amongst the following:
a. electric potential
b. e.m.f.
c. electrical energy
d. electrostatic force
65. One ohm is equal to
a. 106 mega ohm (M)
b. 109 M
c. 10–6 M
d. None of these
66. In general, when the temperature of a conductor increases, its resistance
a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. Remains the same
67. The resistance of cartoon _________________ with rise the temperature.
a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. Remains the same
d. First increases then decreases
68. The resistance of a semiconductor material (germanium of silicon) ____________ with rise in
temperature.
a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. Remains the same
d. First increases then decreases
69. The reciprocal of resistance is conductor. The unit of resistance is ohm. Therefore, the unit of
conductor is-
a. ohm
b. henry
c. mho
d. moles/litre
70. In Coulomb’s law, the constant of proportionality K has the units.
 a. N
b. Nm2
c. NC2/m2
d. Nm2/C2
71. The magnitude of K in the above question, in Nm2/C2 is-
a. 9 × 105
b. 9 × 1011
c. 9 × 103
d. None of these
72. I volt equals
a. 1 J
b. 1 C/J
c. 1 J/C
d. None of these
73. A graph is plotted between the potential difference (applied across the ends of conductor) and the
current (following through the conductor). The graph is a straight line.
a. intersecting both the axes
b. having an intercept on the X-axis
c. having an intercept on the Y-axis
d. none of these
74. In order to measure current in a resistance present in a circuit, the ammeter is connected:
a. in series
b. in parallel
c. in series or parallel
d. nothing can be decided
75. Good conductors have many loosely bound
a. atoms
b. protons
c. molecules
d. electrons
76. In our houses all electrical devices operate on 220 V. It implies that-
a. they are connected in parallel
b. they are connected in series
c. they all have currents of equal values
d. they all have the same resistance
77. What is the total resistance across A and B in the circuit shown in Fig. 4.98?
a. 1 
 b. 2 
c. 1.5 
d. None of these

78. What constitutes current in a metal wire?

a. electrons
b. protons
c. atoms
d. molecules
79. The fixed resistance is called-
a. rheostat
b. resistor
c. key
d. switch
80. The variable resistance is called
a. resistor
b. rheostat
c. open switch
d. none of these
81. How much work is done in moving a charge of two coulombs from a point at 118 volts to a point at
128 volts?
a. 10 J
b. 20 J

c.
82. The device used for measuring potential difference is known as-
a. voltmeter
b. ammeter
c. voltmeter
d. galvanometer
83. The work done in moving a unit positive charge across two points in an electric circuit is a measure
of-
a. current
 b. resistance
c. power
d. potential difference
84. Ohmic conductors
a. Obey Ohm’s law
b. do not obey Ohm’s law
c. sometimes obey Ohm’s law
d. none of these is true
85. Choose the substance which is different from others, as regards conduction of electricity.
a. copper
b. aluminium
c. silver
d. rubber
86. Which of the following has low resistivity?
a. nichrome
b. manganin
c. constantan
d. copper
87. Which of the following has infinitely high electrical resistance?
a. wood
b. rubber
c. neither (a) nor (b)
d. both (a) and (b)
88. What is the resistance across A and B in the following circuit (Fig 4.99)?

a.

b.

c.
d. None of these
89. If the length of wire of resistance R is change to n times, its mass remaining constant, then its new
resistance will be-
a. nR
b. n2R

c.

d.
90. If the radius of the wire of resistance R is made n times, its mass remaining constant, then its new
resistance will be-
a. n2R
b. n4R

c.

d.
91. The temperature coefficient of resistance for a super conductor is-
a. 1
b. –1
c. zero
d. infinity
92. The speed at which the current travels in a conductor is nearly-
a. 3 × 104 ms–1
b. 3 × 105 ms–1
c. 3 × 107 ms–1
d. 3 × 108 ms–1
93. Conductivity of a conductor depends upon
a. length
b. volume
c. area of cross section
d. temperature
94. A and P is half the diameter and half the length of a wire Q of similar material. The ratio of resistance
of P to that of Q is-
a. 1 : 1 b. 1 : 2 c. 2 : 1 d. 8 : 1
95. The resistance of human body is about
a. 12  b. 120  c. 12 k d. 120 k
96. The equivalent resistance of network of three 2  resistors cannot be
a. 2  b. 0.67  c. 3  d. 6 
97. In the following diagram, the reading of the ammeter is (when the internal resistance of the battery is
zero)

a. 2 A b. c. d. none of these
98. A wire has resistance of 90 . It is bent in the form of an equilateral triangle. The effective resistance
between the corners is-
a. 20  b. 30  c. 60  d. 90 
99. The resistance will be least in a wire with dimensions

a. b. 2 L, A c. L, A d. None of these
100. Which part of the curve represents the negative resistance?
a. CB b. PA c. BE d. AC

101. A wire of resistance r is cut into n equal parts. These parts are then connected in parallel. The
required resistance of the combinations will be-

a. n2r b. nr c. d.
102. If there is an increase in length by 0.1% due to stretching. The percentage increase in its resistance
will be.
a. 0.1% b. 0.2% c. 1% d. 2%
103. The current in the are PQ will be-
a. I1 + I2 b. I2 + I3 c. I1 + I3 d. I1 – I2 + I3

104. A wire of resistance R and of radius r is drawn into another wire of radius 2r, the new resistance of
the wire will be-
105. If a certain piece of copper is to be shaped into a conductor of minimum resistance. Its length (L)
and cross-sectional area (A) shall be respectively.
 a. b. c. L, A d.

IV. Fun time

A. Complete the following flow chart:

B. Hands on Activity:

a. To enable you to understand clearly the factors affecting resistance of conductor, given below is the
information in a tabular form. Read it carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Wire Diameter Length Material Resistance

A. d L Nichrome R1

B. d 2L Nichrome R2

C. d 3L Nichrome R3

D. d L Copper R4

E. 2d L Copper R5

F. 3d L Copper R6

G. d/2 L Copper R7

H. d/2 L Nichrome R8

I. d/2 L Nichrome R9
(i) Arrange R1, R2 and R3 in increasing order.
(ii) Arrange R1, R2 and R3 in decreasing order.
(iii) Which of these two has lower value?
 (a) R1 and R8 (b) R4 and R6
(iv) What is the value of R4 / R6
(v) Which are more affected by temperature?

C. Word Puzzle:

Read the clues given below and find out the appropriate words clues.

(i) Best conductor of electricity

(ii) Combinations of resistance which given least resistance.
(iii) Combinations of resistance which gives maximum resistance.
(iv) Material having zero resistance.
(v) Commonly used material in connecting wires.

D. Choose the correct answer: -

(i) Which of the following combination of resistance is different from others?

(ii) Which of the following combination of resistance is different from others?

(iii) Which of the following resistance combination is different from other?

 (iv) Ohm’s law is valid when
a. temperature increases
b. temperature decreases
c. temperature remains constant
d. d. graph between I and V is a curve.

(v) Which switch in the circuit, (Fig) when closed, will produced short-circulating?

a. A b. B c. C d. none of the above

(vi) The resistance of copper

a. increases with temperature

b. decreases with temperature
c. remains constant with rise in temperature

E. Crossword Puzzle:

Across

(i) substance through which electricity cannot flow.

(ii) SI unit of electric current.
(iii) SI unit of potential difference.
(iv) SI unit of resistance.
(v) Metal used for making filaments of an electric bulb.

Down

(vi) Substance through which electricity can flow.

(vii) Smaller unit of electric current.
(viii)SI unit of resistivity.
(ix) Device used to measure potential difference.
(x) SI unit of electric power.