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Practical No.1

The document provides an introduction to Arduino programming, focusing on the basics of Arduino circuits and breadboarding. It explains key components of Arduino boards, the Arduino IDE, and the functionality of breadboards for creating electronic circuits without soldering. Additionally, it covers how to connect components like resistors and LEDs to an Arduino using a breadboard.

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manasirawool03
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13 views

Practical No.1

The document provides an introduction to Arduino programming, focusing on the basics of Arduino circuits and breadboarding. It explains key components of Arduino boards, the Arduino IDE, and the functionality of breadboards for creating electronic circuits without soldering. Additionally, it covers how to connect components like resistors and LEDs to an Arduino using a breadboard.

Uploaded by

manasirawool03
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Subject Name:- Arduino Programming

Aim: Introduction to Arduino circuits and breadboarding.


Simulation Environment: TinkerCAD (Free online simulator)
Part A: Basics of Arduino Circuits

Theory:

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform that has gained immense popularity for its
ease of use and versatility. It was created in 2005 by a group of Italian engineers and is now
maintained and developed by the Arduino community.

Page No.
Subject Name:- Arduino Programming

The heart of the Arduino platform is a microcontroller, which is a small, programmable computer
on a single integrated circuit (1C) chip.
Arduino boards, which house these microcontrollers. Provide a user-friendly environment for
creating interactive electronic projects, prototypes, and various applications.

Key Components of Arduino:


1. Microcontroller : The microcontroller is the "brain" of the Arduino board. It controls
everything and runs the code you write. Most Arduino boards use ATmega
microcontrollers, which come in different versions.
2. Input/Output Pins: These are small connectors on the board.
o Digital Pins: Work with ON/OFF signals (like 0 or 1).
o Analog Pins: Can read or send a range of values (like volume or brightness).
The number of pins depends on the type of Arduino board.
3. Power Supply: Arduino boards can get power in three ways:
o Through a USB cable.
o Using an external power adapter.
o With a battery.
Many boards have a voltage regulator to handle different power sources safely.
4. USB Port: This port is used to connect the Arduino to your computer. It helps power the
board and upload your code.
5. Reset Button: Pressing this button restarts the Arduino. It’s useful when testing or
changing the code.
6. LED Indicator: Most Arduino boards have a small built-in LED on pin 13. You can use it
for simple tests or to show that your program is working.

Arduino Software:
The Arduino platform comes with its own software, called the Arduino IDE
(Integrated Development Environment). It’s a program that helps you write, test, and
send code to your Arduino board.
Key Features of the Arduino IDE:
1. Programming Language:
Arduino uses a simple version of the C/C++ programming language. It also has built-in
libraries and functions that make it easy to control hardware.
2. Code Library:
Arduino has a large collection of ready-made code and functions. These libraries help
you perform common tasks quickly, which is great for beginners.
3. Serial Monitor:
The IDE includes a tool called the Serial Monitor. This lets you send messages to your
Arduino board and see its responses. It’s helpful for testing and debugging your projects.
4. Community Support:
The Arduino community is big and friendly. You can find forums, tutorials, and guides
to solve problems or learn new things.

Page No.
Subject Name:- Arduino Programming

Part B: Breadboarding.
Theory :

A breadboard is a tool used to create electronic circuits without soldering. It consists of a grid of
holes where you can insert electronic components like resistors, capacitors, transistors, ICs
(Integrated Circuits), and wires. The holes are internally connected by metal strips that allow
current to flow between the components.
A typical breadboard is divided into several parts:
 Power Rails (or Bus Strips):
 Typically on the sides, these long horizontal strips (usually marked with red for
positive and blue for negative) are used to distribute power to the circuit.
 One rail is used for the positive (VCC or +5V), and the other is for the negative
(Ground or GND).
 Main Grid (or Terminal Strips):
 These are the holes in the middle of the breadboard, arranged in rows and
columns.
 The rows are divided into strips that connect vertically. Each column is connected
internally, so you can insert components into the same row and they will be
electrically connected.
 Each row is typically connected in groups of 5 holes, horizontally (often labeled A
to E, and 1 to 30 in rows).

Page No.
Subject Name:- Arduino Programming

Wiring Components on a Breadboard:


 Placing an Arduino on a Breadboard:
 The Arduino board itself typically won't be placed on the breadboard. Instead, you
can use jumper wires to make connections between the Arduino's pins and
components on the breadboard.
 For example, connect an Arduino pin (like pin 13 for an LED) to a row on the
breadboard, then insert an LED and a current-limiting resistor in the same row.
 Using Resistors, Capacitors, and Other Components:
o Resistors: These limit the amount of current that flows through components like
LEDs.
o LEDs: When using an LED, it needs to be connected in series with a resistor to
prevent excessive current.
o Capacitors: These can be used for filtering, smoothing voltage fluctuations, or in
timing circuits.
o Sensors: Many sensors, such as temperature sensors or motion sensors, can be
easily tested on a breadboard by connecting their pins to the Arduino.

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