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HANDOUT-IN-LIFE-SCIENCE-LESSON-1-AND-2origin-of-life-and-unifying-themes

The document outlines six major theories regarding the origin of life on Earth, including special creation, spontaneous generation, catastrophism, cosmogenesis, eternity of life, and the modern chemical theory. It also discusses unifying themes in the study of life, highlighting that living organisms are made of cells, reproduce, possess DNA, grow and develop, utilize energy, respond to stimuli, maintain homeostasis, and evolve over time. Each theory and theme contributes to our understanding of life's complexity and origins.

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9 views2 pages

HANDOUT-IN-LIFE-SCIENCE-LESSON-1-AND-2origin-of-life-and-unifying-themes

The document outlines six major theories regarding the origin of life on Earth, including special creation, spontaneous generation, catastrophism, cosmogenesis, eternity of life, and the modern chemical theory. It also discusses unifying themes in the study of life, highlighting that living organisms are made of cells, reproduce, possess DNA, grow and develop, utilize energy, respond to stimuli, maintain homeostasis, and evolve over time. Each theory and theme contributes to our understanding of life's complexity and origins.

Uploaded by

pj.bulayogdaga
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 1: THE ORIGIN OF LIFE

Six major theories are proposed to explain the origin of life on earth. These theories are as follows:

1. Theory of Special Creations:

-The theory of special creation is proposed that life on earth is created by a supernatural power,
the GOD.

2. Theory of spontaneous generations:

-The theory of spontaneous generation or abiogenesis assumes that non-living material in a


spontaneous manner give rise to life.

EVIDENCES AGAINST THE THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION:

Theory of spontaneous generation was criticized by Lazzaro Spallanzani, Francisco Redi and Louis
Pasteur. These great scientists performed well designed scientific experiments to disprove the theory of
spontaneous generations.

3. THEORY OF CATASTROPHISM:

-This is the extension of the theory of special creation. This theory assumes that life is originated
by the creation and it is followed by catastrophe due to geographical disturbances. Each catastrophe
destroyed the life completely whereas each creation forms life different from the previous one. Hence,
each round of catastrophe/creation is responsible for evolvement of different types of organisms on
earth.

4. THEORY OF Cosmogenesis:

-This theory was put forward by Richter and strongly supported by Arrhenius. The theory
assumes that life was present in the form of resistant spores and appeared on earth from other planet.
Since the condition of earth was supporting the life, these spores grew and evolved into different
organisms. This theory was also known as “theory of panspermia or spore theory”.

5. THEORY OF ETERNITY OF LIFE:

-This theory assumes that life had no beginning or end. It believes that life has ever been in
existence and it will continue to be so ever. It further believe that there is no question of origin of life as
it has no beginning or end. The theory is also known as steady state theory.

6. MODERN THEORY:

-The modern theory is also known as “chemical theory” or theory of primary abiogenesis. In the
modern theory, the hypothesis of abiogenesis was proposed with a condition that the non-living
materials can give rise to life in the condition of primitive earth. The condition of the primitive earth is
different from the present conditions which donot permit abiogenesis. The idea of chemical theory was
put forward by two scientist, A.I. Oparin and J.B.S Haldan

LESSON 2: UNIFYING THEMES IN THE STUDY OF LIFE


Anything that possesses all of the characteristics of life is called an organism.

1. Living things are made up cells.


A CELL IS THE SMALLEST LIVING UNIT THAT CAN CARRY OUT LIFE PROCESSES
 All living organisms have an organized structure
Ex. -Cells form tissues
-Tissues form organs
-Organs form organ system
Unicellular = made up of ONE cell
Multi-cellular = made up of MORE than one cell
2. Living things reproduce.
 All living organisms are able to produce live offspring.
There are 2 types of reproduction:
1. Asexual- reproduction that requires ONE parent
2. Sexual- reproduction that requires TWO parents

3. Living things are based on a universal genetic code (DNA).


DNA- Deoxyribonucleic acid : is the genetic code found in every cell. DNA is inherited from
parents and controls your traits.

4. Living things grow and develop.


Growth: an increase in the size of an organism due to an increase in the size and
number of cells
Development: all of the changes that take place throughout the life span of an organism

5. Living things obtain and use materials and energy. (METABOLISM)


 Living things need a constant supply of materials and energy.
Metabolism = the process of using those materials.

6. Living things respond to their environment.(ADAPTATION)


2 types of stimuli:
Internal stimuli = signal comes from inside the organism
External stimuli = signal comes from outside the organism
Example: a. dogs pant when hot
b. pupils dilate in lower light levels
c. humans sweat when body gets too hot
d. reflexes – touch hot stove, fight/flight

7. Living things maintain a stable internal environment. (homeostasis)


Homeostasis = the process of keeping the internal environment
stable/balance/constant

8. Taken as a group, living things change over time.(EVOLVE)


 Over hundreds, thousands, and millions of years, organisms have the potential to
change = evolution

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