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Decentralisation refers to the distribution of power from central and state governments to local governments, which strengthens democracy and allows for more efficient local governance. The Government of India has adopted various democratic policies, such as separating powers and requiring constitutional amendments to have broad approval, contributing to its successful federal structure. India is classified as a 'holding together' federation, where the central government holds more power than state governments, and the language policy promotes unity while allowing for the coexistence of multiple languages.

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15 views3 pages

selfstudys_com_file (25)

Decentralisation refers to the distribution of power from central and state governments to local governments, which strengthens democracy and allows for more efficient local governance. The Government of India has adopted various democratic policies, such as separating powers and requiring constitutional amendments to have broad approval, contributing to its successful federal structure. India is classified as a 'holding together' federation, where the central government holds more power than state governments, and the language policy promotes unity while allowing for the coexistence of multiple languages.

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Suresh Guna Gunasekaran
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Federalism

Q25. What is decentralisation? Why do we need it?


Solution
When the power from the Central and State governments given to
the local government, it is called decentralisation.
Following are the three major distinctions between the coming
together type and the holding together type:
(i) It strengthens democracy by distributing powers among different
organizations.
(ii) A huge number of issues and problems are best settled only at
the local level as they have better ideas on where to spend money
and how to manage things more efficiently.

Q26. Explain democratic policies adopted by Government of India


which made it a successful federation
Solution
Following democratic policies adopted by Government of India which
made it a successful federation:
(i) The powers of the central and state governments have been
separated under the Union, State, and Concurrent Lists which
prevents any type of interference in the functioning of the central
and state governments.
(ii) Any amendment in the Constitution needs the approval of both
the houses of the Parliament and at least half of the total states
which prevents unilateral decisions.
(iii) The sources of income of different levels of the government have
been clearly stated in the Constitution to avoid any conflict.
(iv) Boundaries of several states of India were re-created to
recognize differences based on culture, ethnicity, or geography. For
example, Nagaland.
(v) After 1990, the national parties had to ally with coalition
governments giving birth to a new culture of power sharing.
Q27. Highlight three major distinctions between the Federation of
coming together type and the holding together type.
Solution

Following are the three major distinctions between the coming


together type and the holding together type:
(i) ‘Coming together’ involves the aggregation of independent states
coming together on their own to form a bigger unit, whereas ‘Holding
together’ involves the transfer or distribution of powers from a large
country to its constituent states and the center.
(ii) ‘Coming together’ retains the identities of respective
constituencies, but pools together into a new power, on the other
hand ‘Holding together’ gives birth to new identities with new powers.
(iii) ‘Coming together’ includes constituent states that have equal
powers and are strong vis-a-vis the federal government, meanwhile
‘Holding together’ includes constituent units with unequal powers in
the federation.
Examples: USA, Switzerland, and Australia for ‘coming together’ and
India, Spain, and Belgium for ‘holding together’

Q28. India comes under which type of federation and why?

Solution

India comes under a ‘holding together’ type of federation.


Following are the three major distinctions between the coming
together type and the holding together type:
(i) There is one government at the center for the entire country and
others are respective governments at the State level in India.
(ii) Both the Central and State governments of India enjoy their
power independent of the other
(iii) The Central government of India tends to be more powerful as
compared to the states.

Q29. Comment on the language policy of India.

Solution

(i) Our Constitution doesn’t grant the status of ‘official language’ to


any one language.
(ii) The formation of linguistic states united the country and made
administration easier.
(iii) The leaders of our country adopted a very cautious attitude in
spreading the use of Hindi as it was identified as an official
language.
(iv) The banning of the use of English for official purposes in 1965
took a violent form in Tamil Nadu.
(v) The Central Government responded by agreeing to continue the
use of English along with Hindi for official purposes.

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