Class 8 crop production and management extra question

Q1. Fill in the blanks

1. The Agriculture Revolution or Green Revolution began in India in…….. [ 1960]
2. …………are crops that are grown for human consumption or animal consumption. [Food crops]
3. ……….crops are grown in large estates for sale in distant markets.[ Plantation]
4. ………..Crops Are Those Crops Grown Mostly for Profit, not for the Farmer’s Use. [ Cash ]
5. …….have funnel-shaped openings that lead to long tubes.[ Seed drills]
6. Spreading seeds by hand into the soil is called ……….[broadcasting]
7. ………..are used for storing grains on a large scale.[ Granaries]
8. Rearing of Honeybees Is Called …………[apiculture]

Q2. How is leveling different from tilling and writing the significance of these processes?

Answer Tilling is the technique of loosening and mixing the soil to make it easier to sow
seeds, while leveling is the process of levelling the surface of the soil after tilling to ensure
that no lumps remain in the soil. Tiling is done to aerate the soil and mix the nutrients in the
soil, and leveling is done to ensure that no lumps remain in the tilled soil, which might
impede plant growth.

Q3. What are weeds and how do weeds affect crops?

Answer Weeds are plants that are unwanted in cultivated fields. They compete for food,
space, and light with crop plants. They eat the nutrients and slow the crop's growth.

Q4. What is hybridization?

Answer Hybridization is the process of combining two or more different species of plants,
animals, or other organisms to generate a new and improved organism with the qualities of
both the original organisms

Q5. What is the process of loosening and turning of the soil called?
Answer: Tilling or ploughing.

Q6 Name the bacterium present in the nodules of the roots of leguminous plants which fixes
atmospheric nitrogen.
Answer: Rhizobium

Q7 Why storage of food grains are essential? Name two structures for the storage of grain.
Answer: Storage of produce is an essential task. The harvested grains are to be kept safe from
moisture insects, rats, and microorganisms. Harvested grains have more moisture. So the
grains are properly dried in the sun to reduce the moisture in them. This prevents attack by
insect pests, bacteria, and fungi.

Methods of storing grains :

 Farmers store grains in jute bags or metallic bins.

 Large-scale storage of grains is done in silos and granaries.
Q8 Describe the use of the seed drill.
Answer: The seed drill is used for sowing seeds with the help of tractors. This tool sows the
seeds uniformly at a proper distance and depth and covers the seeds with soil. This prevents
damage caused by birds and also saves time and labor.

Q9 How is organic manure prepared?

Answer: For preparing manure, plant and animal waste is dumped in pits at open places and
allowed to decompose. The decomposition is facilitated by some microorganisms. The
decomposed matter is called organic manure.

Q10 Why is organic manure considered better than fertilizers?

Answer: The organic manure is considered better than fertilizers because :

1. it enhances the water-holding capacity of soil.

2. it makes the soil porous due to which exchange of gases becomes easy.
3. it increases the number of friendly microbes.
4. it improves the texture of the soil.
Q11. What is crop rotation? What is its advantage?
Answer: The crop rotation is the replenishment of soil with nutrients by avoiding the
cultivation of the same crop year after year. It can be done by growing another crop
alternately.

Q12.What is the benefit of irrigation?

Answer: When crops are irrigated, nutrients get dissolved in water and get transported to
each part of the plants along with water.

(a) Why does farmer follow crop rotation practice in his field?
(b) What will happen if a farmer does not plough his. field before sowing the seeds? Write
any two effects.

Answer:(a) Crop rotation is done by growing legume crops and cereal crops like wheat
alternately on the same piece of land. Rhizobium bacteria present in the nodules of the roots
of leguminous plants helps in the replenishment of the soil with nitrogen. They fix
atmospheric nitrogen.
(b) When a farmer doesn’t plough his field before sowing, this may have the following effects:

1. Ploughing helps in proper mixing of manure in the soil and turning the soil over.
2. Ploughing helps the water to go penetrate through the soil and reach the roots.
3. Ploughing improves air circulation so that roots can respire easily.
4. Ploughing improves the water-retaining capacity of the soil.

Q13 (a) What are fertilizers?

(b) Write any two disadvantages of using fertilizers excessively.

Answer: (a) A fertilizer is an inorganic salt prepared in factories. Fertilisers are very rich in
plant nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), urea etc. (b) (i) Fertilisers are
becoming a source of water pollution.
(ii) Excessive use of fertilisers makes the soil less fertile.
(iii) Long-term use of chemical fertilizer changes the nature (pH) of the soil.
(iv) Excessive application of fertilizers affects the environment negatively.

Q14 What are the advantages of levelling?

Answer: Following are the advantages of levelling:

 Levelling helps to prevent soil erosion caused by wind or air.

 It helps in sowing the seeds uniformly, and thus helps the plants to grow uniformly too.
 It helps in proper irrigation by allowing the water to get distributed uniformly
throughout the soil.

Q15. What is a plough?

Answer: A plough is an equipment for ploughing. It is mainly made of a wooden shaft called a
plough-shaft, attached to a triangular iron blade called ploughshare.

Q16 What do you mean by the term crop? Explain briefly the types of crops.
Answer: Crop is the term used to describe a plant that is grown in a field on a large scale. For
example, cereal crops, pulses and fruit crops. The crops grown in India can be classified as
kharif and rabi.

Kharif crops are sown in the rainy season by June/July and are harvested by
September/October. Thus they are also known as summer season crops. For example, rice,
maize, etc.

Rabi crops are sown in the winter season in October or November and are harvested by
March/April. Thus, they are also called winter season crops. For example, mustard, wheat,
potato, etc.
Q17 How can nitrogen be replenished in soil naturally?
Answer: Through crop rotation with a leguminous crop the nitrogen can be replenished in soil
naturally. The leguminous plants, like peas, beans, soybeans, peanuts, etc., have nitrogen-
fixing bacteria in their root nodules. The nitrogen-fixing bacteria, viz., Rhizobium, fixes
atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonium (NH4+) which is used by the plants.

Q18 Rajan felt worried about the condition of water scarcity in his village during the cropping
season. He went to Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare of his area to get the solution
of this problem. There he came to know about effective method of irrigation and drought
resistant varieties of crop. He requested the head of department of the ministry to arrange
some workshop on this topic to educate the farmers in these methods.
(a) Name modern methods of irrigation that help us to use water economically.
(b) What is drought resistant varieties of crop?
(c) Can you name some crops that require less amount of water?
(d) What value of Raj is shown here?
Answer: (a) Drip irrigation system and sprinkler method.
(b) Crops that need very little amount of rainfall or irrigation to grow are called drought
resistant varieties of crop.
(c) Sorghum, pearl millet, chickpea, groundnut, etc.
(d) Rajan is concerned, aware, sensitive and intelligent.

Q19. Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), a constituent extension centre of Tamil Nadu Veterinary and
Animal Sciences University, organised a farmer’s workshop on organic farming in vegetable
cultivation at Kalayarkoil to commemorate the World Soil Day.
(a) What is organic farming?
(b) What is the advantage of organic farming?
(c) What are the health benefits of organic farming?
(d) What values of KVK are shown here?
Answer:(a) Organic farming is a form of agriculture that relies on techniques such as crop
rotation, green ma-nure, compost and biological pest control.

(b) Advantages of organic farming are:

 Do not use any harmful chemicals

 Crops have better taste and nutrition
 Eco-friendly
 Cost effective

(c) Organic farming uses all the natural ways to provide nutrients and to get rid of the pests.
So it reduces the harmful effects of pesticides and fertilisers on human beings.
(d) Krishi Vigyan Kendra shows concern about the growing use of pesticides, fertilisers, etc.,
and their adverse effect on human health. It is spreading awareness amongst farmers about
eco-friendly ways of cultivating crops.