Question 1.

In human eye, name the following parts.

a) a thin membrane which allows light to enter the eye.
b) the muscles which help in changing the focal length of eye lens.
Answer:
a) Cornea
b) Ciliary muscles

Question 2.
Name the part of our eyes that helps us to focus near and distant objects in quick succession.
Answer:
Ciliary muscles help in changing the focal length of the eye lens.

Question 3.
In which direction, the near point of hypermetropic eye is shifted from the normal near point ?
Answer:
The near point of hypermetropic eye is shifted farther away from the normal near point.

Question 4.
Name the part responsible for the power of accommodation of the human eye ?
Answer:
Ciliary muscles.

Question 5.
A person suffering from an eye defect uses lenses of power ID. Name the defect he is suffering from and the
nature of lens used ?
Answer:
Hypermetropia, Convex lens.

Question 6.
What type of lens is used to correct ?
a) Hypermetropia
b) Myopia
Answer:
a) Convex lens
b) Concave lens

Question 7.
Name the defect of vision in which the eye-lens loses its power of accommodation due to old age.
Answer:
Presbyopia.

Question 8.
What is the far point of a person suffering from myopia ?
Answer:
Far point is less than infinity.

Question 9.
What is the other name of old age hypermetropia ?
Answer:
Presbyopia.
Question 10.
Where do we see (i) concave and (ii) convex lens in bifocal lenses ?
Answer:
i) concave lens – upper part
ii) convex lens – lower part

Question 11.
Which component of white light is least scattred by fog or smoke ?
Answer:
Red colour.

Question 12.
Do all transparent bodies disperse light ?
Answer:
No, Bodies with parallel surfaces do not disperse the light.

Question 13.
List the three phenomenon of light which is responsible for formation of rainbow in sky?
Answer:
Refraction, dispersion and Total Internal Reflection.

Question 14.
Name the phenomena due to which we get light from the sun before sunrise.
Answer:
Atmospheric refraction.

Question 15.
Which the phenomena is responsible for making the path of light visible ?
Answer:
Tyndall effect.

Question 16.
Name the essential parts of human eye.
Answer:
i) Cornea,
ii) Iris,
iii) Pupil,
iv) Eye lens,
v) Ciliary muscles,
vi) Retina.

Question 17.
What is cornea ?
Answer:
It is the transparent spherical membrane covering the front of the eye.

Question 18.
Which liquid fills the space behind the cornea ?
Answer:
Aqueous humour.

Question 19.
What is iris?
Answer:
The coloured diaphragm between the cornea and lens.

Question 20.
Which part of the eye controls the amount of light entering the eye ?
Answer:
The pupil.

Question 21.
What is eye lens made of ?
Answer:
It is made of a jelly like material.

Question 22.
How is the eye lens held in its position ?
Answer:
Ciliary muscles hold the eye in position.

Question 23.
How is the sense of vision carried from the eye to the brain ?
Answer:
Through the optic nerve.

Question 24.
Which liquid fills the space between eye lens and retina ?
Answer:
Vitrous humour.

Question 25.
What is meant by accommodation of eye ?
Answer:
The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation.

Question 26.
What is the other name of accommodation eye ?
Answer:
Power of accommodation.

Question 27.
What is meant by far point ?
Answer:
The farthest point upto which an eye can see clearly is called the far point of the eye.

Question 28.
What is the far point of a normal human eye ?
Answer:
For a normal eye, the far point is infinity.

Question 29.
What is meant near point ?
Answer:
The nearest point upto which an eye can see clearly is called the near point of the eye.
Question 30.
What is the near point of a normal human eye ?
Answer:
For a normal human eye, of an adult, the near point is about 25 cm from the eye.

Question 31.
Where is the image formed in an eye suffering from near sightedness ?
Answer:
The image is formed infront of retina.

Question 32.
Give one cause of long sightedness.
Answer:
Increase of the focal length of eye lens.

Question 33.
Where is the image formed in an eye suffering from long sightedness ?
Answer:
The image is formed behind the retina.

Question 34.
How is long sightedness corrected ?
Answer:
By using a convex lens of suitable focal length.

Question 35.
A person has to use a concave lens in his spectacles which defect of vision is he suffering from ?
Answer:
Short sightedness.

Question 36.
Sometimes you see a person reading the newspaper by placing it very close to his eyes. Which defect is he
suffering from ? How can the defect be removed ?
Answer:
Short sightedness, by using a concave lens.

Question 37.
Sometimes you see a person reading the newspaper by placing it far away from his eyes, which defect is he
suffering from ? How can the defect the removed ?
Answer:
Long sightedness. By using convex lens.

Question 38.
What is twinkling of stars due to ?
Answer:
Refraction of light by earth’s atmosphere.

Question 39.
Which scientist first explained the dispersion of light ?
Answer:
Issac Newton.
Question 40.
Name the delicate membrane in the eye having enormous number of light-sensitive cells.
Answer:
The retina.

Question 41.
On what factor the colour of the scattered light depends ?
Answer:
The colour of the scattered light depends on the size of the scattering particles.

Question 42.
What would have been the colour of the earth’s sky if there were no atomsphere ?
Answer:
It would have been dark.

Question 43.
In myopia, what happens to the power of the eye lens ?
Answer:
The power of the eye lens decreases.

Question 44.
A man wearing glasses of focal length + 1m cannot see objects beyond 1m. What is the defect in his eye ?
Answer:
Myopia.

Question 45.
What is the role of pupil in human eye ?
Answer:
Pupil regulates and controls the amount of light entering the eye.

Question 46.
A person suffering from an eye defect uses lenses of power – ID. Name the defect he is suffering from and
nature of lens used.
Answer:
Myopia, concave lens.

Question 47.
Name the condition resulting due to the eye lens becoming cloudy.
Answer:
The condition is called cataract.

Question 48.
The sun can be seen about two minutes before actual sunrise. Give reason.
Answer:
The sun can be seen about two minutes before actual sunrise because of atmospheric refraction.

Question 49.
When a mono chromatic light having only one wave length, passes through a prism, will it show dispersion ?
Answer:
No, it will not show dispersion. It will only show deviation.

Question 50.
Name the component of white light that deviates the least and the components that . deviates the most while
passing through a glass prism.
Answer:
Least deviated component : Red
Most deviated component : Violet.

Question 51.
In the following diagram showing dispersion of white light by a glass prism. What are the colours ‘P’ and ‘Q’
respectively ?

Answer:
The colours ‘P’ and ‘Q’ respectively are Violet and Red. p

Question 52.
Assertion (A) : Sky appears blue in the day time.
Reason (R) : White light is composed of seven colours.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A
c) (A) is true, but R is false.
d) (A) is false but R is true.
Answer:
b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.

Question 53.
Mar’s atmosphere is composed mainly of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and argon and negligible amounts of
oxygen, water vapour and methane.
Using the information given in the sentence above the knowledge about how rainbow are formed on Earth.
Explain why rainbow formation is impossible on Mars.
Answer:
There is not enough water vapour in the atmosphere to cause scattering of light.

Question 54.
The apparent position of an object, when seen through the hot air, fluctuates or waves. State the basic cause of
this observation.
Answer:
The basic cause of this observation is due to variation in physical condition of hot air.

Question 55.
Write the function of retina in human eye.
Answer:
Retina : It caputre light and convert it into electric signals that are translated into images by the brain.
The Human Eye and the Colourful World Class 10 Important Questions – 2 Marks
Question 1.
What is the nature of eye lens of human eye and that of the image formed at the retina of the eye by it ?
Answer:
The nature of eye lens in human eye is convex nature of the image formed on the retina by it is real, inverted
and diminished.

Question 2.
Mention the role of optic nerve in the human eye.
Answer:
It transmits the visual information in the form of electrical signal generated at retina to the brain

Question 3.
Calculate maximum power of a person having normal vision.
Answer:
The least distance of distinct vision for normal eye is 25 cm. Therefore, maximum power of accommodation (P)
p = 100/f( cm) = 100/25 = 4 D

Question 4.
A person is able to see objects clearly only when these are lying at distances between 50 cm and 300 cm from
his eyes. Name the kind of defects of vision he is suffering from.
Answer:
As person is suffering from both myopia and hypermetropia defect then this eye defect is presbyopia.

Question 5.
What is Tyndall effect ?
Answer:
The phenomenon of scattering of light by the particles of collodial solution is called Tyndall effect.

Question 6.
Give an example of a phenomenon where Tyndall effect can be observed.
Answer:
A fine beam of sunlight enters a room containing suspended particles of dust, the path of the beam of light is
visible. It is due to the scattering of light (Tyndall effect).

Question 7.
The limitation of an eye is that the distance from the eye lens to where the image formed is always the same.
How is then it possible for the eye to form focussed images from the objects that are located at varying
distances form the eye ?
Answer:
The ability of eye lens to adjust its focal length with the help of ciliary muscles, it is possible for the eye to form
focussed images from the eye. This mechanism is called accommodation.

Question 8.
Why does it take sometime to see the objects in dim light when you enter the room from bright sunlight
outside ?
Answer:
In bright sunlight, the iris contracts the pupil to allow less light to enter the eye and in dim light, the iris
expands the pupil to admit more light to see the object clearly. Therefore it takes sometime to increase the size
of pupil in dim light.
Question 9.
Which part of the eye has delicate membrane and containing large number of light sensitive cells ?
Answer:
Retina contains large number of light sensitive cells known as rods and cones.

Question 10.
Name the defect of vision due to
i) Power of the eye is too long
ii) Focal length of the eye lens is too long
Answer:
i) Short – sightedness.
ii) Long – sightedness.

Question 11.
When a person said to have developed cataract ? How is the vision of such a person restored ?
Answer:
When the crystalline lens of eye becomes hazy (or even apaque) due to the formation of thin membrane over it,
this causes partial or complete loss of vision. This defect of eye is called cataract. The vision of the defected eye
can be restored by the cataract surgery.

Question 12.
Give reason ; The extent of deviation of a ray of light on passing through a glass prism depends on its colour.
Answer:
Refractive index of a medium is different for different colours of light.

Question 13.
What are the limits of accommodation power of a healthy human eye ?
Answer:
The limit of accommodation power of a healthy human eye between its farthest point (infinity) and a near point
(25 cm).

Question 14.
State the function of retina of human eye.
Answer:
The retina of human eye contains millions of light-sensitive cells that work together to detect the light, turn it
into electrical signals and communicate to the brain via optic nerves to produce vision.

Question 15.
You are given three lenses namely, bifocal lens, convex lens and concave leps. Which lens would you prefer to
correct the myopia, hypermetriopia and presbyopia respectively ?
Answer:

Eye defects Corrective lenses

Myopia Concave lens

Hypermetropia Convex lens

Presbyopia Bifocal lens

Question 16.
A person needs a lens of power 4.5 D for correction of her vision.
i) What kind of defect in vision is the suffering from ?
ii) What is the focal length of the corrective lens ?
iii) What is the nature of the corrective lens ?
Answer:
i) Hypermetropia
ii) f = 1/p = 1/4.5 = 0.22 m = 22 cm
P 4.5
iii) Convex lens

Question 17.
Name the defects of vision of human eye.
Answer:
i) Myopia, also called short sightedness or near sightedness
ii) Hypermetropia, also called long sightedness, far sightedness, or hyperopia.

Question 18.
Where is the image formed in an eye suffering from near sightedness ?
Answer:
The image is formed in front of retina.

Question 19.
What is long sightedness ?
Answer:
If a defect of the eye in which a person can see distant objects clearly, but cannot see near by objects clearly.

Question 20.
How does an eye manage to see objects in dim light and bright light ?
Answer:
An eye can manage to see objects in dim and bright light by the use of cones and rods.

Question 21.
When you enter from a bright sun shine into a dark room, you are not able to see clearly for sometime, why ?
Answer:
Because the size of the pupil had become small in bright light.

Question 22.
How can you identify regarding the type of defect a person is suffering from by physically touching his
spectacles ?
Answer:
By touching the spectacles we can find out whether the lens is concave or convex and hence, the defect from
which he suffers.

Question 23.
Give one example in nature where we can see dispersion of white light.
Answer:
The rainbow formed on a rainy day is an example of dispersion of light.

Question 24.
What happens to the lens and the ciliary muscles, when you are looking at nearby objects ?
Answer:
The ciliary muscles contract and the lens becomes thick i.e. it radius of curvature decreases.

Question 25.
Can an observer see a rainbow on the Moon ?
Answer:
No, since there is no atmosphere on the Moon.

Question 26.
Is the position of a star as seen by us in its true position ? Justify your answer.
Answer:
No, light from stars undergoes atmospheric which occurs in medium of gradually changing refractive index. So,
we see the apparent position of the star after refraction by atmosphere.

Question 27.
Why sometimes haloes or rings are observed round the Moon or Sun ?
Answer:
When the Moon or the Sun is observed through a thin layer of the high douds, reflection of light from fine icy
crystals, present in clouds, results in the formation of haloes.

Question 28.
Why are ‘danger’ signal lights red in colour ?
Answer:
Danger signal lights are red in colour because the red coloured light having longer wavelength is scattered the
least by fog are smoke. Therefore, it can be seen clearly from a distance.

Question 29.
Observe the figure and answer the questions.

i) What is the structure shown in Figure ?

Answer:
The structure shown in Figure is the human eye.

ii) What is the function of the cornea in the human eye ?

Answer:
The cornea is a thin membrane through which light enters the eye.

ii) What is the purpose of the retina in the human eye ?

Answer:
The retina is a light-sensitive membrane that forms an inverted real image of objects on it. It contains light-
sensitive cells that generate electrical signals, which are sent to the brain via the optic nerves for interpretation.
Question 30.
Observe the figures and answer the questions.

i) From Figure, what does N represent

a) Near point of a hypermetropic eye
b) Near point of a myopic eye
c) Near point of a normal eye
d) Near point of a presbyopic eye
Answer:
a) Near point of a hypermetropic eye

ii) What does N’ represent in Figure ?

a) Far point of a hypermetropic eye
b) Far point of a myopic eye
c) Far point of a normal eye
d) Far point of a presbyopic eye
Answer:
c) Near point of a normal eye

iii) According to Figure, how is hyperrnetropia corrected ?

a) Using a concave lens
b) Using a convex lens
c) Using a biconvex lens
d) Using a biconcave lens
Answer:
b) Using a convex lens

Question 31.
Observe the figure and answer the questions.
i) What does Figure illustrate ?
Answer:
Figure illustrates the atmospheric refraction effects at Sunrise and Sunset.

ii) What causes the apparent flattening of the Sun’s disc at sunrise and sunset ?
Answer:
The apparent flattening of the Sun’s disc at Sunrise and Sunset is caused by the phenomenon of atmospheric
refraction.

iii) How does the time difference between actual Sunset and apparent Sunset compare?
Answer:
The time difference between actual Sunset and apparent Sunset is about 2 minutes

Question 32.
Read the paragraph and answer the questions.
“Persons who were infected with or died because of AIDS, Hepatitis B or C, rabies, acute leukemia, tetanus,
cholera, meningitis or encephalitis cannot donate eyes. An eye bank collects, evaluates and distributes the
donated eyes. All eyes donated are evaluated using strict medical standards. Those donated eyes found
unsuitable for transplantation are used for valuable research and medical education. The identities of both the
donor and the recipient remain confidential. One pair of eyes gives vision to up to FOUR CORNEAL BLIND
PEOPLE. ”

i) What medical conditions prevent individuals from donating their eyes ?

Answer:
Persons who were infected with or died because of AIDS, Hepatitis B or C, rabies, acute leukemia, tetanus,
cholera, meningitis, or encephalitis cannot donate eyes.

ii) What happens to donated e> s that are not suitable for transplantation ?
Answer:
Donated eyes found unsuitable for transplantation are used for valuable research and medical education.

iii) How many corneal blind people can be provided with vision from one pair of donated eyes ?
Answer:
One pair of eyes can give vision to up to four corneal blind people.

Question 33.
Observe the following diagram showing an image formation in an eye :

a) Identify the defect of vision shown in the figure.

b) List its two causes and suggest a suitable corrective lens to overcome this defect.
Answer:
a) Since the light rays from a nearby object are focused at a point behind the retina, the defect shown in the ray
diagram is hypermetropia.

b) This defect arises either because the focal length of the eye lens is too long or the eyeball has become too
small. To correct this defect of vision, a convex lens is used, which has the ability to converge incoming.rays for
forming the image on the retina.

Question 34.
State the phenomena observed in the above diagram. Explain with reference to the diagram, which of the two
lights mentioned above will have the higher wavelength?

Answer:

1. The phenomena observed in the above diagram is Dispersion.

2. The splitting of white light into seven colours on passing through a prism.
3. Velocity is directly proportional to wavelength given constant frequency.
4. So yellow will have greater wavelength than blue as the velocity of yellow light is greater than blue.
Question 35.
Observe the following diagram and answer the questions following it.

i) Identify the defect of vision shown,

ii) List its two causes.
iii) Name the type of lens used for the correction of this defect.
Answer:
i) Myopia
ii) It’s two causes are :

 Enlongation of eyeball
 Eyelens become too convexed.
iii) We use concave lens to treat myopia.

Question 36.
Write the function of each of the following parts of human eye :
i) Cornea
ii) Iris
iii) Crystalline lens
iv) Ciliary muscles
Answer:
i) Cornea – Refracts the rays of light falling on the eye.
ii) Iris – Controls the size of the pupil.
iii) Crystalline lens – Focuses the image of the object on the retina.
iv) Ciliary muscles – Holds the eye lens and adjusts its focal length.

Question 37.
Complete the path of white light when it passes through two identical prisms placed as shown :

Answer:
Complete diagram is –

Question 38.
Akshay, sitting in the last row in his class, could not see clearly the words written oh the blackboard. When the
teacher noticed it, he announced if any student sitting in the front row could volunteer to exchange his seat
with Akshay. Salman immediately agreed to exchange his seat with Akshay. He could now see the words
written on the blackboard clearly. The teacher thought it fit to send the message to Akshay’s parents advising
them to get his eyesight checked.
In the context of the above event, answer the following questions.
a) Which defect of vision is Akshay suffering from ? Which type of lens is used to correct this defect ?
b) State the values displayed by the teacher and Salman.
c) In your opinion, in what way can Akshay express his gratitude towards the teacher and Salman ?
Answer:
a) Akshay is suffering from myopia or near sightedness. Concave lens is used for myopia.

b) Values displayed by teacher are scientific temperament, proactiveness, attentiveness. Values displayed by
Salman are kindness, caring nature, helpful and value of friendship.

c) Akshay can express his gratitude by thanking them, helping them and studying well.

Question 39.
About 45 lac people in the developing countries are suffering from corneal blindness. About 30 lac children
below the age of 12 years suffering from this defect can be cured by replacing the defective cornea with the
cornea of a donated eye. How and why can students of your age involved themselves to create awareness
about this fact among people.
Answer:
 1. Eyes of a dead person can be donated to the person having corneal blindness.
2. It will help him/her see the world.
3. We can also register ourselves to eye donation camps who can preserve our eyes after our death and
donate them to the needy.
Question 40.
State the role of ciliary muscles present in our eye.
Answer:

1. The main function of ciliary muscles present in our eye is changes the shape of lens in the eye to help
with focusing.
2. They also help in regulate the flow of aqueous humour in the eye.