IMPORTANT QUESTIONS MATHEMATICS - IB

STRAIGHT LINES (7marks)

1. Find the circumcenter of the triangle with vertices
(i) (1,3),(−3,5) ,(5,−1) (ii) (−2,3),(2,−1) , (4,0) (iii) (1,3) ,(0,−2) ,(−3,1)
2. Find the orthocenter of the triangle formed by the vertices
(i)(−2,−1),(6,−1) , (2,5) (ii) (5,−2) ,(−1,2) , (1,4) (iii) (−5,−7) ,(13,2),(−5,6)
3. If Q (h,k) is the foot of the perpendicular of P(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) on the straight line ax+by+c=0 then prove that
(ℎ − 𝑥1 ) ∶ 𝑎 = (𝑘 − 𝑦1) : 𝑏 = −(𝑎𝑥1 + 𝑏𝑦1 + 𝑐): (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) . Find the foot of the perpendicular from
(−1,3) on the straight line 5x−y−18=0 .
4. If Q(h,k) is the image of the point P(𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) with respect to the straight line ax+by+c=0 then prove
that (ℎ − 𝑥1 ) ∶ 𝑎 = (𝑘 − 𝑦1) : 𝑏 = −2(𝑎𝑥1 + 𝑏𝑦1 + 𝑐) ∶ (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ) . Find the image of (1,−2) with
respect to the straight line 2x−3y+5=0 .
5. If p and q are the lengths of the perpendiculars from the origin to the straight lines
𝑥 sec  + 𝑦 csc  = 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 cos  − 𝑦 sin  = 𝑎 cos 2 , 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 4𝑝2 + 𝑞 2 = 𝑎2
PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES (7marks)
6. Prove that the equation of pair of angular bisectors of 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 = 0 is
ℎ(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 ) = (𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑥𝑦
𝑛2 √ℎ2 −𝑎𝑏
7. Prove that area of triangle formed by 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 = 0 ,lx+my+n=0 is
|𝑎𝑚2 −2ℎ𝑙𝑚+𝑏𝑙 2 |
|𝑎2 +2ℎ+𝑏2 |
8. Prove that the product of perpendiculars from (,) to 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 = 0 is .
√(𝑎−𝑏)2 +4ℎ2
9. If 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 represents two parallel lines then prove that
𝑔2 −𝑎𝑐 𝑓2 −𝑏𝑐
(i) ℎ2 = 𝑎𝑏 (𝑖𝑖) 𝑎𝑓 2 = 𝑏𝑔2 (iii) the distance between the parallel lines = 2√ = 2√
𝑎(𝑎+𝑏) 𝑏(𝑎+𝑏)
2 2
10. If 𝑎𝑥 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0 represents a pair of lines then prove that
(i)  = 𝑎𝑏𝑐 + 2𝑓𝑔ℎ − 𝑎𝑓 2 − 𝑏𝑔2 − 𝑐ℎ2 = 0 (ii) ℎ2 𝑎𝑏 , 𝑓 2 𝑏𝑐 , 𝑔2 𝑎𝑐 .
11. Let the equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 = 0 represent a pair of straight lines.
|𝑎+𝑏|
Then the angle  between the lines is given by cos  =
√(𝑎−𝑏)2 +4ℎ2
HOMOGENISATION (7marks)
12. Find the angle between the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of
the curve 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 5 = 0 and the line 3x−y+1=0.
13. Show that the lines joining the origin with the points of intersection of the curve
7𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑦 + 8𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 8 = 0 with the line 3x−y=2 are mutually perpendicular
14. Show that the lines joining the origin with the points of intersection of the curve𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 +
3𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 2 = 0 and the straight line x−y−√2=0 are mutually perpendicular
15. Find the value of k , if the lines joining the origin with the points of intersection of the curve 2𝑥 2 −
2𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 𝑦 − 1 = 0  the line x+2y=k are mutually perpendicular
16. Find the condition for the lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the circle 𝑥2 +
𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 and the lx+my=0 to coincide.
17. Find the condition for the chord lx+my=1 of the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2 (whose center is the origin) to
subtend a right angle at the origin.
D.C’S and D.R’S (7marks)
18. Find the angle between the lines whose Dc’s are related by l+m+n=0 
𝑙 2 + 𝑚2 − 𝑛2 = 0.
19. Find the angle between whose Dc’s satisfy the equations 3l+m+5n=0 and 6mn−2nl+5lm=0
20. Find the Dc’s of 2 lines which are connected be the relations l−5m+3n=0, 7𝑙 2 + 5𝑚2 − 3𝑛2 = 0
21. Find the Dc’s of two lines which are connected by the relations l+m+n=0, mn−2nl−2lm=0
22. Show that the lines whose direction cosines are given by l+m+n=0, 2mn+3nl−5lm=0 are
perpendicular to each other
23. Find the angle between two diagonals of a cube
24. If a ray makes angles  , , , with the four diagonals of a cube find 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2  + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2  + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2  +
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 .
DIFFERENTIATION (7marks)
𝑑𝑦 1−𝑦 2
25. If √1 − 𝑥 2 + √1 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑦) then prove that =√
𝑑𝑥 1−𝑥 2
√1+𝑥 2 +√1−𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦
26. If y=tan−1 ( ) then find 𝑑𝑥
√1+𝑥 2 −√1−𝑥 2
27. Find derivative of (i) 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 (ii) (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
(iii) 𝑥 𝑥 + (cotx)𝑥 (iv) (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑑𝑦
28. If 𝑦 = √𝑎2 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 log (𝑥 + √𝑎2 + 𝑥 2 ) then show that 𝑑𝑥 = 2√𝑎2 + 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 𝑦𝑥 𝑦−1 +𝑦 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦
29. If 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑏 then show that = −[ 𝑦 ].
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥+𝑥𝑦 𝑥−1
TANGENTS  NORMALS(7marks)
2 2 2
30. If the tangent at a point on the curve 𝑥 ⁄3 + 𝑦 ⁄3 = 𝑎 ⁄3 intersects the coordinate axes in A,B
then show that the length AB is a constnt.
31. If the tangent at any point P on the curve 𝑥 𝑚 𝑦 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚=𝑛 (mn  0) meets the coordinate axes in A
, B then show that AP:PB is constant.
32. At any point t on the curve x = a(t + sin 𝑡), y = a(1−cos 𝑡), find the lengths of tangent,
normal,subtangent and subnormal.
33. Find the lengths of subtangent , subnormal at a point t on the curve
x=a(cos 𝑡 + 𝑡 sin 𝑡) , y=a(sin 𝑡 − 𝑡 cos 𝑡).
34. Show that the curves 𝑦 2 = 4(x+1) and 𝑦 2 =36(9−x) intersect orthogonally.
35. Find the angle between the curves xy = 2 and 𝑥 2 + 4y = 0.
MAXIMA & MINIMA (7marks)
36. From a rectangular sheet of dimensions 30cm × 80cm , four equal squares of side x
cm. are removed at the corners , and the sides are then turned up so as to form an
open rectangular box. Find the value of x, so that the valume of the box is the greatest
37. If the curved surface of right circular cylinder inscribed in a sphere of radius r is
maximum, show that the height of the cylinder is √2 r.
38. A window is in the shape of a rectangle surmounted by a semicircle. If the perimeter
of the window is 20 ft. , find the maximum area.
39. The profit function P(x) of a company selling x items per day is given by
P(x) = (150 − x)x − 1000. Find the number of items that the company should
manufacture to get maximum profit. Also find the maximum profit.
40. A wire of length I is cut into two parts which are bent respectively in the form of a
square and a circle. What are the lengths of the pieces of the wire respectively so that
the sum of the areas is the least.
 LOCUS (4marks)
1. Find the locus of the third vertex of a right angled triangle, the ends of whose hypotenuse are
(4,0) and (0,4)
2. A(5,3) , B(3,−2) are 2 fixed points. Find the equation of the locus of P, so that the area of triangle
PAB is 9 sq.units
3. A(1,2) ,B(2,−3) and C(−2,3) are three points . If P is a point such that
P𝐴2 + 𝑃𝐵 2 = 2𝑃𝐶 2 ,then show that the equation to the locus of P is 7x−7y+4=0
4. If the distance from ‘P’ to the points (2,3) and (2,−3) are in the ratio 2:3, then find the equation
of locus of P.
5. Find the equation of locus of a point P, if A=(2,3), B=(2,−3) and PA+PB=8.
6. Find the locus of a point the difference of whose distance from (−5,0), (5,0) is 8 units.
TRANSFORMATION OF AXES(4marks)
7. Find the transformed equation of 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 1 = 0 when the origin is shifted to
(−1,2)
8. When the origin is shifted to the point (2,3) , the transformed equation of a curve is
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑦 − 2𝑦 2 + 17𝑥 − 7𝑦 − 11 = 0. Find the origin equation of the curve.
9. Find the transformed equation of 𝑥 2 + 2√3𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 = 2𝑎2 , when the axes are rotated through
an angle 𝜋⁄6
10. Find the transformed equation of 3𝑥 2 + 10𝑥𝑦 + 3𝑦 2 = 9 when the axes are rotated through an
angle 𝜋⁄4
11. When the axes are rotated through angle , find transformed equation of
xcos  + 𝑦 sin  = 𝑝
12. When the axes are rotated through angle 45 , the transformed equation of
a curve is 17𝑥 2 − 16𝑥𝑦 + 17𝑦 2 = 225 . Find the original equation of the curve.
13. show that the angle of rotation of the axes to eliminate xy term from the equation
1 2ℎ 𝜋
𝑎𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 = 0 is tan−1 ( ) if ab and through the angle 4 if a=b.
2 𝑎−𝑏
STRAIGHT LINES (4marks)
14. Find the value of k, if the lines 2x−3y+k=0, 3x−4y−13=0, 8x−11y−33=0 are concurrent.
15. Find the equation of the straight line parallel to 3x+4y=7 and passing through the point of
intersection of the lines x−2y−3=0 and x+3y−6=0.
16. Find the equation of the line passing through the point of intersection of 2x+3y=1, 3x+ 4y=6 and
perpendicular to the line 5x−2y=7.
17. Find the value of k if the angle between the straight lines 4x−y+7=0, kx−5y−9=0 is 45 .
18. Find the points on 3x−4y−1=0 which are at a distance of 5 units from the point (3,2).
𝑥 𝑦
19.Transform the equation + = 1 into normal form. If the perpendicular distance of the
𝑎 𝑏
1 1 1
straight line from the origin is p then deduce that = +
𝑝2 𝑎2 𝑏2
CONTINUITY (4marks)
20. Check the continuity of the following function at 2.
1
(𝑥 2 − 4) 𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑥 < 2
2
f(x)={0 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 2
2 − 8𝑥 −3 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 2
𝑥 2 −9
𝑖𝑓 0 < 𝑥 < 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥3
21. Is f given by f(x) ={𝑥 2 −2𝑥−3 , continuous at the point 3
1.5 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 3
 𝑘 2 𝑥 − 𝑘 𝑖𝑓 𝑥1
22. If f is given f(x){ is a continuous function on R, then find k.
2 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 1
cos 𝑎𝑥−cos 𝑏𝑥
𝑖𝑓 𝑥0
𝑥2
23. Show that f(x) ={1 , is continuous at 0.
(𝑏 2 − 𝑎2 ) 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 = 0
2
24. Check the continuity of the function f given below at 1 and 2.
𝑥+1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 1
f(x) ={ 2𝑥 𝑖𝑓1 < 𝑥<2
1+𝑥 2
𝑖𝑓 𝑥  2
DERIVATIVES(4marks)
25. Find the derivatives of following using first principle.
(i) Sin2x (ii) cos 𝑎𝑥 (iii) tna2x (iv) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 (v) cot 𝑥 (vi) xsin 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥
26. If 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 then show that =
𝑑𝑥 (1+𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)2
𝑑𝑦 𝑦(𝑥𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑦−𝑦)
27. If 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑦 𝑥 then =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥(𝑦𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥−𝑥)
TANGENT NORMAL (4marks)
28. Find the equation of the tangent and the normal to the curve xy = 10 at (2,5)
29. Find the length of subtangent and subnormal at a point on the curve y =bsin(x/a)
30. Show that at any point (x,y) on the curve 𝑦 = 𝑏𝑒 𝑥⁄𝑎 , the length of subtangent is a constant and
the length of the subnormal is 𝑦 2 ⁄𝑎 .
31. Find k, so that the length of the subnormal at any point on the curve 𝑦 = 𝑎1−𝑘 𝑥 𝑘 is a constant.
32. Find the equation of the tangent and the normal to the curve 𝑦 = 5𝑥 4 at the point (1,5).
33. Find the equation of tangent and normal to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 at (−1,3)
𝑥 −𝑥
𝑎
34. Find the lengths of normal and subnormal at a point on the curve y = (𝑒 + 𝑒 𝑎 𝑎 )
2
RATE MEASURE (4marks)
35. A particle is moving along a line according s = 8t+ 𝑡 3 . Find (i) the velocity at time t=2
(ii) the initial velocity (iii) acceleration at t=2sec.
36. A particle is moving along line according s=f(t)= 4𝑡 3 − 3𝑡 2 +5t−1. Where s is measured in meters
and t is measured in second . find the velocity and acceleration at time t.
37. The distance-time formula for the motion of a particle along a straight line is
s = 𝑡 3 − 9𝑡 2 + 24𝑡 − 18. Find when and where the velocity is zero.
38. The volume of a cube is increasing at a rate of 9 cubic centimeters per second. How fast is the
surface area increasing when the length of the edge is 10 centimeters.
39. The volume of a cube is increasing at a rate of 8 cubic centimeters per second. How fast is the
surface area increasing when the length of the edge is 12 centimeters.
40. A stone is dropped into a quiet lake and ripples move in circles at the speed of 5 cm/sec. at the
instant when the radius of circular ripples is 8 cm, how fast is the enclosed area increases?
 STRAIGHT LINES (2+2 marks)

1. Find the value of x, if the slope of the line passing through (2, 5), (x, 3) is 2.
2. Find the value of y, if the line joining (3, y), (2, 7) is parallel to the line joining the points (−1, 4),
(0, 6)
3. Find the equation of line passing through (−4, 5) and cutting off equal intercepts on the axes.
4. Find the equation of line passing through the point (−2, 4) and making intercepts, whose sum is zero.
5. Transform √3𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4 into (i) slope intercept form and (ii) intercept form.
6. Reduce the equation x+y+1=0 into normal form.
7. Find the equation of the line parallel to 2x+3y+7=0 and passing through (5,4).
8. Find the equation of the line perpendicular to 5x−3y+1=0 and passing through (4, −3)
9. Find a, if the area of the triangle formed by x=0, y=0, 3x+4y=a is 6 sq. units.
10. Find the distance between the parallel lines 5x−3y−4=0, 10x−6y−9=0
11. Find p, if straight line x+p=0, y+2=0, 3x+2y+5=0 are concurrent
3D (2marks)
12. Find vertex ‘C’ of ABC if its centroid is the origin and vertices A, B are (1,1,1), (−2,4,1)
13. If (3, 2, −1), (4, 1, 1) and (6, 2, 5) are three vertices and (4, 2, 2) is the centroid of a tetrahedron find
the fourth vertex.
14. Find the fourth vertex of the parallelogram whose consecutive vertices are (2, 4, −1), (3, 6, −1) and
(4, 5, 1)
15. Find the ratio in which the XZ -plane divides line joining A(−2, 3, 4), B(1, 2, 3)
16. Show that the points (1, 2, 3), (2, 3, 1) and (3, 1, 2) form an equilateral triangle.
17. Show that the points (1, 2, 3), (7, 0, 1), (−2, 3, 4) are collinear
18. If the distance between the points (5, −1, 7), (x, 5, 1) is 9 units, find x.
PLANES (2marks)
19. Write the equation of the plane 4x−4y+2z+5=0 in the intercept form
20. Find the intercepts of the plane 4x+3y−2z+2=0 on the coordinate axes.
21. Find the equation of the plane which makes intercepts 1, 2, 4 on x, y, z-axes
22. Reduce the equation x+2y−3z−6=0 of the plane to the normal form.
23. Find a traid of d.c’s of the normal to the plane x+2y+2z−4=0
24. Find the angle between the planes 2x−y+z=6 and x+y+2z=7
25. Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (1, 1, 1) and parallel to the x+2y+3z−7=0
LIMITS (2+2 marks)
𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 −1 𝑒 3𝑥 −1 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 𝑥
(i) Lim , (ii) lim , (iii) lim
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑥→1 𝑥−1

𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒 (1+5𝑥) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑥 𝑎𝑥 −1

(iv) lim , (v) lim ( ) , (vi) lim
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥
𝑥→0 𝑥→0 𝑏𝑥 −1
𝑥 2 −8𝑥+15 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑎𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 −sin 𝑥−1
 (vii) lim , (viii) lim ,  (ix) lim
𝑥→3 𝑥 2 −9 𝑥→0 𝑥2 𝑥→0 𝑥

𝑒 𝑥 −1 3𝑥 −1
(x)  (xi)  (xii) lim+ (
2|𝑥|
lim , lim , + 𝑥 + 1)
𝑥→0 √1+𝑥−1 𝑥→0 √1+𝑥−1 𝑥→0 𝑥

11𝑥 3 −3𝑥+4 𝑥 2 +5𝑥+2 sin (𝑥−1)

(𝑥𝑖𝑖𝑖) lim , (xiv) lim ,  (xv) lim
𝑥→ 13𝑥 3 −5𝑥 2 −7 𝑥→ 2𝑥 2 −5𝑥+1 𝑥→1 𝑥 2 −1
tan (𝑥−𝑎) 1−cos 𝑚𝑥 1−cos 2𝑚𝑥
(𝑥𝑣𝑖) lim , (xvii) lim , (xviii) lim
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥 2 −𝑎2 𝑥→0 1−cos 𝑛𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑛𝑥
 DERIVATES (2+2marks)
Find the derivative to each of the following:
26. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
2𝑥+3
27. 𝑦 =
4𝑥+5
28. 𝑓(𝑥) = sin (𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)
29. 𝑓(𝑥) = log (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)
−1
30. 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
−1
31. 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
32. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥)
2𝑥
33. 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )
1+𝑥 2
34. 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (3𝑥 − 4𝑥 )
3

35. cos −1 (4𝑥 3 − 3𝑥)

3
36. 7𝑥 +3𝑥
37. 𝑦 = √2𝑥 − 3 + √7 − 3𝑥
38. 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 8 = 0
39. 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑡
ERRORS  APPROXIMATIONS (2marks)
40. Find y and dy for the function 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥, when x=10, x=0.1
41. If 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 6 then find y and dy when x=10, x=0.01
42. If the increase in the side of a square is 4% then find the approximate percentage of
increase in the area of the square
43. If the increase in the side of a square is 2% then find the approximate percentage of
increase in the area of the square
3 3 4
44. Find the approximate value of (i) √82 (ii) √65 (iii) √999 (iv) √17
MEAN VALUE THEROM (2marks)
45. State Rolle’s mean value theorem
46. State Lagrange’s mean value theorem
47. Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4 on [−3, 3]
48. Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function 𝑥 2 − 1 on [−1, 1]
49. Verify Lagrange’s mean value theorem for the function 𝑥 2 − 1 on [2, 3]
50. Verify Lagrange’s mean value theorem for the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 on [2, 4]