 Grammar Part-Mark: 45

01 Tense
 ‡Kv‡bv NUbv, KvR, ev Ae¯’v BZ¨vw`i mgq eySv‡Z sentence ev verb Gi †h wewfbœ iƒc e¨eüZ nq Zv‡K tense ev
Kvj e‡j|
 Tense ‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv nq| h_v:
i) Present Tense (eZ©gvb Kvj)|
ii) Past Tense (AZxZ Kvj)|
iii) Future Tense (fwel¨r Kvj)
GK bR‡i Tense ‡Pbvi Dcvq:
 Present Tense:

Tense Structure Example

Present indefinite Tense Sub+ verb Gi base from+evwK Ask| Verb He reads a book.
hw` 3rd person singular number nq Zvn‡j
Rakib goes to market.
Verb Gi mv‡_ s/es ‡hvM n‡e|

Present continuous Tense Sub+am/is/ar+verb+ing+evwK Ask She making tea

Present Perfect Tense Sub+have/has+verb Gi past participle I Have read the book.
form+ evwK Ask

Present Perfect Continuous Sub+have been/has I have been working for two hours.
Tense been+(verb+ing)+for/since+evwK Ask|

 Past Tense:

Tense Structure Example

Past indefinite Tense Sub+ verb Gi past form +evwK Ask| Rakib went home.

Past Continuous Tense Sub+ was/were+(v+ing)+evwK Ask| She was cooking rice.

Past perfect Tense Sub+had+verb Gi past participle She had sung a song before I sang.
form+evwK Ask|

Past Perfect continuous Tense Sub+had Rakib had been playing in this club
 been+(verb+ing)+for/since+evwK Ask| five years before he left the club.

 Future Tense:

Tense Structure Example

Future indefinite Tense. Sub+shall/will+verb Gi base form+evwK I will meet you.

Ask|

Future Continuous Tense. Sub+shall be/will be+(v+ing)+evwK Ask| I shall be going to market.

Future Perfect tense. Sub+shall have/will have+verb Gi past I will have informed her father of
participle form+evwK Ask| the matter before Rakib reaches
home.

Future Perfect Continuous Sub+shall have been/will I will been playing till 4 p.m.
Tense. been+(verb+ing)+for/since+evwK Ask|

*Tense Gi we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv:-

 Present Tense:
 Present Tense: eZ©gv‡b †h KvR m¤úbœ nq Zv‡K present tense e‡j| ‡hgb:She sings a
song.BZ¨vw`| Present tense ‡K 4 fv‡M fvM Kiv nq| ‡hgb,
i) Present Indifinite Tense.
ii) Present Continuous Tense.
iii) Present perfect Tense.
iv) Present perfect Continuous Tense.
 Present Indifinite Tense: eZ©gvbKv‡ji †Kv‡bv KvR, Z_¨ wKsev NUbv cÕKvk Ki‡Z †h tense
e¨eüZ nq Zv‡K Present Indefinite Tense e‡j|
Structure: Sub+ verb Gi base from+evwK Ask| Verb hw` 3rd person singular
number nq Zvn‡j Verb Gi mv‡_ s/es ‡hvM n‡e|
Example:
I play football.
She goes to college.
 Present Continuous Tense: eZ©gvbKv‡j †Kv‡bv KvR Pj‡Q, n‡”Q ev NU‡Q Giƒc eySv‡j Zv‡K
present Continuous Tense e‡j|
Structure: Sub+am/is/ar+verb+ing+evwK Ask|
Example:
She is going to market.
I am reading a book.
 Present perfect Tense: ‡Kv‡bv KvR GBgvÎ †kl n‡q‡Q wKš` Zvi djvdj GL‡bv we`¨gvb i‡q‡Q
Giƒc eySv‡j Present Perfect tense nq|
Structure: Sub+have/has+verb Gi past participle form+ evwK Ask|
Example:
I have finished the work.
Nowsin has disturbed me.
 Present perfect Continuous Tense: ‡h Tense Øviv †Kv‡bv KvR c~e© ïiæ n‡q‡Q Ges
eZ©gv‡b GL‡bv Pj‡Q eySvq Zv‡K Present Perfect Continuous Tense e‡j|
Structure: Sub+have been/has been+(verb+ing)+for/since+evwK Ask|
Example:
She has been watting for her son for five years.
Shetu has been reading for two hours.
 Past Tense:
Past Tense: AZx‡Zi †Kv‡bv NUbv ev KvR Kiv eySv‡Z Past Tense e‡j| ‡hgb: I ate rice
BZ¨vw`| Past Tense-‡K 4 fv‡M fvM Kiv nq| †hgb,
i) Past Indifinite Tense.
ii) Past Continuous Tense.
iii) Past Perfcet Tense.
iv) Past Perfect Continuous Tense.
Past Indifinite Tense: AZx‡Z †Kv‡bv KvR msNwUZ ev m¤úbœ n‡qwQj Giƒc eySv‡j verb Gi
Past Indefinite Tense nq|
Structure: Sub+ verb Gi past form +evwK Ask|
Example:
I wrote a letter.
Rakib finished the work.

Past Continuous Tense: AZx‡Z †Kv‡bv KvR PjwQj eySv‡j Past Continuous Tense nq|
 Structure: Sub+ was/were+(v+ing)+evwK Ask|
Example:
I was going to Dhaka.
They were playing cricket.
Past Perfect Tense: AZxZKv‡j `ywU KvR msNwUZ n‡j †h KvRwU A‡cÿvK…Z c~‡e© m¤úbœ n‡qwQj
†mwU eySv‡Z verb-Gi †h iƒc e‡m Zv‡K Past Perfect Tense nq|
Structure: Sub+had+verb Gi past participle form+evwK Ask|
Example:
We had met him before he died.
We read the book after we had go it.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense: AZx‡Z msNwUZ †Kv‡bv KvR †ewk mgq a‡i PjwQj, eySv‡Z
verb Gi ‡h iƒcwU e‡m Zv‡K Past Perfect Continuos Tense e‡j|
Structure: Sub+had been+(verb+ing)+for/since+evwK Ask|
Example:
I had been waiting for three hours.
Rakib had been playing in this club five years before he left the club.

Future Tense:
Future Tense: fwel¨‡Z †Kv‡bv KvR n‡e eySv‡Z verb-Gi †h iƒ‡ci cwieZ©b nq Zv‡K Future
Tense nq| ‡hgb,- I will go there. BZ¨vw`| Future Tense-‡K 4 fv‡M fvM Kiv nq| h_v;
i) Future Indifinite Tense
ii) Future Continuous Tense.
iii) Future Perfect Tense.
iv) Future Perfect Continuous Tense.
Future Indifinite Tense: fwel¨‡Z †Kv‡bv KvR msNwUZ n‡e Giƒc A_© cÕKvk Ki‡j Zv‡K
Future Indifinite Tense e‡j|
Structure: Sub+shall/will+verb Gi base form+evwK Ask|
Example:
I shall go to Dhaka.
I will meet you.
Future Contineous Tense: fwel¨‡Z †Kv‡bv KvR msNwUZ n‡q wKQzÿY Pj‡Z _vK‡e eySv‡j
Zv‡K Future Continuos Tense e‡j|
 Structure: Sub+shall be/will be+(v+ing)+evwK Ask|
Example:
I shall be waiting for you.
I shall be going to market.
Future Perfect Tense: fwel¨‡Zi †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q KvR †kl n‡e Giƒc Abygvb ev cÕZ¨vkv
eySv‡j verb-Gi †h iƒcwU nq Zv‡K Future Perfect Tense e‡j|
Structure: Sub+shall have/will have+verb Gi past participle form+evwK Ask|
Example:
I shall have arrived at Chattogram by this time.
I will have informed her father of the matter before Rakib reaches home.
Future Perfect Contineous Tense: fwel¨rKv‡j msNwUZ n‡e Ggb †Kv‡bv KvR ev †ewk
mgq a‡i Pj‡Z _vK‡e Zv eySv‡Z verb-Gi †h iƒc nq Zv‡K Future Perfect Tense e‡j|
Structure: Sub+shall have been/will been+(verb+ing)+for/since+evwK Ask|
Example:
The stars will have been shining for the whole night.
I will been playing till 4 p.m.
 02 C Determiner/Article

 A, An, The; ‡K Article e‡j| A, An, The Gi e¨envi g~jZ wbf©i K‡i Gi c‡ii Noun wUi
Pronunciation D”Pvi‡Yi Dci| G¸‡jvK Avevi Determiner ejv nq| wb‡P A, An, The Gi
e¨envi †`Iqv n‡jv|
ÔÔArticle ``A’’ Gi e¨enviÕÕ
 Consonant sound (a,e,i,o,u) ev‡` Ab¨ Bs‡iwR eY©gvjv ¸‡jv consonant sound gv‡b Ôa’
e‡m| †hgb: A baseball, A boy, a car, etc.
 Vowel Øviv ïiæ nIqv k‡ãi D”PviY hw` (YU) BD Gi gZ nq Z‡e article A e‡m| †hgb: a
university, A until, A ewe
 O Gi D”PviY hw` (wa) Iqv GiKg nq Z‡e Article A e‡m| †hgb:a one taka, a one eyed
deer.
Article An Gi e¨envi:

 Singular Countable noun Gi cÖ_g eY© hw` Vowel (a,e,i,o,u) Øviv ïiæ nq| †hgb:-An
M.A, An LLB, An SDO.
 H Øviv ïiæ nIqv k‡ã H D”PvwiZ bv n‡q Vowel Sound D”PvwiZ n‡j| †hgb: An heir, An
Honest
Article ÒThe’’ Gi e¨envi:

 ‡Kvb Noun ‡K wbw`ó© K‡i eySv‡Z Zvi c~‡e© Definite article The e‡m| A_©¨vr hvi m¤ú‡K© c~‡e©
ejv nq A_ev wØZxq evi †Kvb e¨w³ ev e¯` m¤ú‡K© ejv nq Zvi c~‡e© Article The e‡m| †hgb: The
is a nice picture. Give me the picture etc.
 Uncountable Noun Gi c~‡e© Article nq bv| Z‡e Noun e¨env‡ii m~Î Abyhvqx uncountable
noun Gi c~‡e© The em‡Z cv‡i|
 Cardinal Number (1,2,3…) Gi c~‡e© Article nq bv|
 Ordinal Number Gi c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb: The First, The Second, The third
 wb‡¤œi k㸇jvi Av‡M article the e‡m=P›`ª, m~h©, mvMi, gnvmvMi, Avi b`x|
 ce©Z‡kÕbx, ØxccyÄ, DcmvMi, _v‡K hw`, DËi `wÿY, c~e©, cwðg wg‡j GB c„w_ex, RvwZ m¤úª`vq,
ag©MÕš’, cwÎKvq wjL‡jb Kwe| RvnvR, ZvwiL, Avi †fŠ‡MvwjK bvg Gm‡ei Av‡M The e‡m|
 ‡hme RvqMvq the e‡m bv| A/An Awbw`ó© GKwU gvÎ e¨w³ ev e¯`i †ÿ‡Î e¨eüZ nq| ZvB plural
word Gi c~‡e© article a/an e‡m bv| ïay gvÎ singular Ges Awbw`ó© e¨w³/e¯`i †ÿ‡Î
 a/an eeüZ nq| †hgb: a book, a pen, an apple.
 **** wb‡P wKQy ¸iæZ¡c~Y© AvwU©‡Kj †`qv n‡jv PP©v Kivi Rb¨:

1. Use articles in the following passage:

Mount Everest has always fascinated climbers. It is in a) ____ Himalayan
Mountains. It is b) ____ hightest mountain in c) ____ world. It was named after
d) ____ Englishman Georage Everest. He was e) ____ first man to survey the
Himalayas in 1841.
Ans: a) the b) the c) the d) an e) the.

2. Use articles In the following passage:

Penicillin is a) ____ life-saving drug. It was discovered by Dr. Alexander
Fleming. He was born in b) ____ poor family of Scotland. He was c) ____
attentive student. d) ____ school was four miles away from their hous. Up to e)
____ age to twelve years, he was never absent from school.
Ans: a) a b) a c) an d) the e) the.

3. Use articles in the following passage:

Everybody knows that sincerity is a) _____ key to success. b) ___ person can
prosper in life by doing hard work. The man who does not follow c) ___ rules
of sincerity can never go d)____ long way in this world. There are e) ____ lot
of examples of this.
Ans: a)the b) a c) the d) a e) a

4. Ferdowsi was a) ___ great poet of Persia. He wrote b) ____ Shahanama in

honour of sultan Mahamud. It is c) ____ epic. d) ____ Sultan promised to give
him e) ____ plece of gold for each verse.
Ans: a) a b) the c) an d) the e) a
5. Use articles in the following passage:
Education is a) ___ backbone of b) ___ nation. No nation can proper keeping c)
____ large section of h er population illiterate. Primary Education froms basis
of ones life. e) ____ educated citizen is an asset of the country.
Ans: a) the b) a c) a d) the e) an.
6. Use articles in the following passage:
English is a) ___ international language. It is spoken all over b) ___world. So c)
____ importance of English cannot be described in words. All d) ____ books on
higher education are written in English. We need to learn English to join the
advanced world. So English has become e) ___ essential matter for us.
Ans: a)an b) the c) the d) the/× e) an

7. Use articles in the following passage.

Banladesh is a) ____ land of rivers. These rivers are b) ____ blessings of the
Almighty Allah and pride to us. They are closely related to our economy and c)
____ prosperity of our country. Ours is d) _____ agricultural country. Our
agricultural largely depends on our rivers. Our rivers make our lands alluvial
and fertile by scattering silt over them during the rainy season. Our rivers are
also e) _____ important means of communication.
Ans: a) a b) the c) × d) an e) an
8. Use articles in the following passage.
Happiness is relative term. a) ____ person with b) ___ crown living in a palace
may not be happy. Wherease c) ____ day labourer may have happiness living in
a shabby hut. d) _____ beggar can be happy if he can get a coin but a
businessman who can a huge sum of e) ____ money may not be happy.
Ans: a) a b) a c) a d) a e) ×
9. Use articles in the following passage:
a) ___ educated person is different from b) _____ uneducated person. c) ____
educated are asset for a country. On d) ____ other hand e) ____ uneducated are
liabilities.
Ans: a) an b) an c) the d) the e) the
10.Use articles in the following passage:
Dhaka is a) ____ big city. It is b) ____ capital of Bangladesh. Once it was
famous for muslims in c) ____ whole world. Now there are lots of attractive
places for d) ____ tourists. It is also e) ____ city of mosques.
Ans: a) a b) the c) the d) the e) a
11.Use Articles in the following passage:
a) ___ engineer is b) ____ asset for c) ___ underdeveloped country. He is d)
____ important person who is evaluated highly in e) ____ educated society.
Ans: a) an b) an c) an d) an e) an
12.Use articles in the following passage:
Population of a) ____ country is b) ___ source of its manpower. To accelerate c)
____ economic development of d) ____ country by using natural resources,
skilled manpower is e) ____ msut.
Ans: a) a b) the c) the d) a e) a

13.Use articles in the following passage:

The 16th December is a) ____ red-letter day in history of Bangladesh. On this
day we achieved victory at b) _____ cost of e) ____ bloody battle. Bangladesh
came into being as. d) ____independent country. Every year we obserbe e)
_____ day with due solemnity.
Ans: a) a b) the c) a d) an e) the

14.Use articles in the following passage:

A library is a) ____ collection of books of various types. b) ___ word `library’
comes from the latin word `libre’ which means c) ____ book. In the ordinary
sense, the word `library’ refers to d) ___ house where books are kept for use by
the readers. But we, the Bangladeshi. Genrally misinterpret it as e) ____
bookshop.
Ans: a) a b) the c) a d) a e) a

15.Use articles in the following passage:

Tagore says ``Education is a) plece of diamond and culture is b) ____ emission
of light there from ``so c) ____ well educated man must be cultured too. People
should be cultured in d) ____ right sense of the term. e) ____ term Culture is
very broad. It consists of music, literature and other aspects of fine arts.
Ans: a) a b) the c) a d) the e) the
 Fill in the Gaps
03

 Rule-1:As if/ As though Gi ci evg cv‡k Present tense _vK‡j k~b¨¯’v‡b v2 Ges evg
cv‡k past tense _vK‡j k~b¨¯’v‡b had+v3 ewm‡q k~Y¨¯’vb c~iY Ki‡Z nq|

Example:
a) He told the matter as if he ___ everything.
ans: had known.
 Rule-2: …….+lest+sub+should+verb+ing Gi Base form+obj.

Example:
a) He ran fast lest he _____ miss the train.
Ans: should.
 Rule-3:As if/As though/if/wish Gi ci unreal past ‡evSv‡Z were ewm‡q k~b¨¯’vb c~iY
Ki‡Z nq|

Example:
a) I wish I ___ a bird.
Ans: were

 Rule-4:Lest Gi ci k~b¨¯’vb _vK‡j k~b¨¯’v‡b should/might ewm‡q k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki‡Z nq|

Example:
a) Read attentively ____ you should fail in the exam.
Ans: lest
b) He ran___ he should miss the train.
Ans: lest.
 Rule-5: Cannot but/could not but Gi ci k~b¨¯’vb _vK‡j k~b¨¯’v‡b Base verb ewm‡q
k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki‡Z nq| cannot help/could not help Gi ci k~b¨¯’v‡b verb+ing ewm‡q
k~b¨¯’vb c~iY Ki‡Z nq|

Example:

a) He could not ____ shed tears.

Ans: but.
b) I cant help ____ this.
Ans: doing
 Rule-6: ‡Kvb ev‡K¨ had better/had rather/would better/would
rather/let/dare/need _vK‡j verb Gi base form n‡e|

Example:
a) I would ____ starve than beg.
Ans: rather.

 Rule-7: Mind/would you mind/can not help/could not help/with a view

to/look forward to/be/get used to BZ¨vw`i ci verb Gi mv‡_ ing nq| (99%)

Example:
a) Would you mind _____ the door?
Ans: opening.
 Rule-8: While+verb+ing.
a) While ____ in the field, I saw a dead cow.
Ans: walking
 Rule-9: It is high time _vK‡j sub+Verb Gi Past Form n‡e|

a) It is high time we ____ more trees.

Ans: planted
 Rule-10: Be/Get used to Gi c‡ii verb+ing e‡m| [Be ej‡Z auxiliary verb; am.is,
are, was, were.]
Example:
a) Everybody likes ____ be praised.
Ans: to.

Important Example:
1. Supply a suitable word to fill in the blank in each of the following sentences:-
a) Hurry up __ you will be late.
b) I am not used to __ lies.
c) __ is the mother of invention.
d) ___ His riches, he leads a simple life.
e) Sin___ sin.
f) Listen to___ I say.
g) Everybody likes to___ I say.
Ans: a) or; b) telling) necessity; d) Despite; e) begets; f) what; g) be.
2. Supply a suitable word to fill in the blank in each of the following sentences:-
a) He is not___ intelligent as you.
b) People consider him___.
c) Some people are honest___ others are not.
d) Would you mind___ the door?
e) Open___ page 50.
f) Charity___ at home.
g) Man proposes but god___.
Ans: a) so; b) to be wise; c) though; d) Opening; e) at; f) begins; g) disposes.
3. Supply a suitable word to fill in the blank in each of the following sentences:-
a) An addicted man is___ a best.
b) I would ___ starve than beg.
c) One should do___ duties.
d) A terrible car accident happened ___me.
e) Pride goes___ destruction.
f) The boy does not know to swim.
g) While___ in the field, I saw a dead cow.
Ans; a) Like. b) Rather. c) His. d) In front of. e) To. f) How. g) Playing.
4. Supply a suitable word to fill in the blank in each of the following sentences:-
a) A drowning man catches at___.
b) She is intelligent___ to answer my question.
c) Charity___ at home.
d) ____ His illness, he attended the meeting.
e) Death is preferable ____ disgrace.
f) It is all the same____ you go or not.
g) Idleness is the___ of all evils.
Ans: a) straws; b) enough; c) begins; d) Despite; e) to; f) whether; g) root.

5. Supply a suitable word to fill in the blank in each of the following sentences:-
 a) ___ She was walking in the garden, she saw a shake.
b) ___ finished the work, my friend returned home.
c) Add sugar___tea.
d) Read regularly___ you should fail.
e) He is not used to___ lies.
f) Stay here___ I come.
g) A drawing man___ at a straw.
Ans: a) While; b) as soon as l; c) to; d) lest; e) telling; f) until; g) catches.
6. Supply a suitable word to fill in the blank in each of the following sentences:-
a) She left___ crying.
b) It is high time we___ more trees.
c) Try to follow___ I say.
d) He___ a good speech.
e) To___ is human.
f) Had I been a____ again!
g) He___ phoned nor wrote.
Ans; a) like; b) planted; c) what; d) delivered/ made; e) err; f) child; g) neither.
7. Supply a suitable word to fill in the blank in each of the following sentences:-
a) The lion is___ king of beasts.
b) Barking dogs’ seldom___.
c) He finished first____ he began late.
d) The boy excels____ speaking English.
Ans; a) The/called; b) bite; c) though/ although; d) in.
8. Supply a suitable word to fill in the blank in each of the following sentences:-
a) All that glitters is not ____.
b) Ice___ on water.
c) If you work hard, you will___.
d) He who loves his own country is called a____.
Ans: a) gold; b) floats; c) shine/ prosper in life. d) Patriot.
9. Supply a suitable word to fill in the blank in each of the following sentences:-
a) I saw him_____ .
b) Neither Rina____ her sister is responsible.
c) It is you who____ selected.
d) I congratulated him ____ his success.
Ans; a) fishing/dancing; b) nor; c) are ; d) on.

10. Supply a suitable word to fill in the blank in each of the following sentences:-
 a) It is a pen____ I bought yesterday.
b) I am fond of ____.
c) He does not know how to___.
d) I would_____ to use this car.
Ans; a) which; b) milk; c) swim; d) like.
11. Supply a suitable word to fill in the blank in each of the following sentences:-
a) The house is too costly___ me to buy.
b) Two years have passed___ I saw him.
c) Barking dogs___ bite.
d) All the glitters ___ not gold.
e) Necessity is the mother of___.
f) Smoking____ upon our health.
g) ____ The is life, there is hope.
Ans; a) for; b) since; c) Seldom; d) is; e) invention; f) tells; g) Where.
12. Supply a suitable word to fill in the blank in each of the following sentences:-
a) The sooner,___ better.
b) I can`t help___ this.
c) She spoke English ___ the English.
d) They found the sun___.
e) It is no good____ him for help.
f) Try to follow ___ I say.
g) A drowning man catches ____a straw.
Ans; a) for; b) since; c) Seldom d) is; e) invention; f) tells; g) where.
13. Supply a suitable word to fill in the blank in each of the following sentences:-
a) Ice ___ on water.
b) His brother is___ MBBS.
c) Karim is too____ a boy to believe.
d) The committee consists____ ten members.
e) ____ does not love her/ his mother.
f) He talks as if he ____ a policeman.
g) Open___ page 50.
h) He speaks English like ___ English.
Ans; a) floats; b) an; c) dishonest; d) of; e) who; f) were; g) at; h) the.

**wb‡P wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖev` evK¨ †`Iqv n‡jv GLvb †_‡K 1/2 wU Avm‡Z cv‡i|
1) AwZ †jv‡f ZvwZ bó-Grasp all, lose all. 2) Aíwe`¨v fqsKvix- A little learning is a
dangerous thing.
3) AwZfw³ ‡Pv‡ii jÿY- Too much courtesy, too 27) e¨_©ZvB mvd‡j¨i wmwo- Failure is the pillar of
much craft. success.
4) Afv‡e ¯^fve bó- Necessity knows no law. 28) webv †g‡N eRªcvZ- A bolt from the blue.
5) Avq ey‡S e¨q Kwi- Cut your coat according to 29) wfÿvi Pvj Kvuov Avi AvKvuov-Beggars must not be
your cloth. choorsers.
6) Avcb fv‡jv‡Z RMr fv‡jv-To the pure all thing 30) gvbyl Zvi wb‡RB Zvi fvM¨ wbg©vZv- Man is the
are pure. architect of his own fate.
7) AvKvk Kzmyg wPšÍv Kiv-To build castle in the air. 31) gvbyl gvÎB fzj K‡i- To err is human.
8) Amg‡qi eÜz cÕK…Z eÜz- A friend in need is a 32) gvbyl Zvi Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ †e‡P _v‡K eq‡m bv- We live
friend indeed. in deeds not in years.
9) B”Qv _vwK‡j Dcvq nq-Were there is a will, there 33) ‡hgb evc †Zgb †eUv- Like father, like son.
is a way. 34) ‡hgb Kg© †Zgb dj-As you sow, so you reap.
10) PKPK Ki‡jB †mvbv nq bv- All that glitters is not 35) mey‡i †gIqv d‡j- Patience is bitter, but its fruit
gold. is sweet.
11) GKZvB ej-Unity is strength. 36) mg‡qi GK †dvo Amg‡qi bq †dvuo-A stitch in time
12) GK wX‡j `yB cvwL gviv-To kill two birds with one saves nine.
swine. 37) ‡f‡ewP‡šÍ KvR Ki-Look before you help.
13) GK nv‡Z Zvwj ev‡R bv-It takes two make a 38) gvbyl fv‡e GK, nq Avi GK-Man propose, God,
summer. diposes.
14) Kqjv ayB‡jI gqjv hvq bv-Black will take no 39) cwikÕg †mŠfv‡M¨i PvweKvwV-Industry is the key to
other hue. success.
15) KvUv Nv‡q by‡bi wQUv-To add insult to injury.
16) Kó bv Kwi‡j †Kó ‡g‡j bv-No pains, no gains.
17) Miæ †g‡i Ry‡Zv `vb-To rob peter to pay Paul.
18) PvPv Avcbv cÖvY evPv- Everyman for himself.
19) ‡Pvi cvjv‡j eyw× ev‡o- To lock the stable-door
when the steed is stolen.
20) wXjwU gvi‡j cvU‡KjwU †L‡Z nq-Tit for tat.
21) `ytL webv myL jvf nq wK gnx‡Z?- No pains, No
gains.
22) `vZ _vK‡Z `v‡Zui gh©v`v bv eySv- Blessings are not
baled till they are gone.
23) awi gvQ bv QzB cvwb-A cat loves fish but is loath
to wet her feet.

24) bvP‡Z bv Rvb‡j DVvb evKv-A bas workman

quarrels with his tools.
25) bvB gvgvi †P‡q Kvbv gvgv fv‡jv- Something is
better than noting.
26) c‡ii gv_vq KvuVvj fvOv-To make cat`s paw of a
person.
 Framing-Questions
04
(Wh. Questions-Making)

***Avgiv ‰`bw›`K Rxe‡b A‡bK cÖkœ K‡i _vwK, GB cÖkœ¸‡jv Kivi †ÿ‡Î we‡kl wKQz k‡ãi mvnvh¨ wb‡q
_vwK| GB kã ¸‡jvB Bs‡iwR Wh. word bv‡g cwiwPZ| cÖkœKivi †ÿ‡Î Wh. word Gi mvnvh¨
†bIqv nq, Zv‡`i‡K Wh. word Questions e‡j|

wb‡P wKQz Wh hy³ Word ‡`Iqv n‡jv:

What→wK ? How fast→KZ `ªæZ?
Why→ ‡Kb ? How Often-KZevi?
How →‡Kgb| How far →KZ `~i?
Where→‡Kv_vq ? How long→KZ j¤^v?
When→KLb? How old→KZ eqm?
Who→‡K? How much→cwigvc?
Whom→Kv‡K ?
How many→KZ¸‡jv?
How high→KZ DPz?

 g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e:- GKwU ev‡K¨ †`qv _vK‡e cÖ_‡gB GwU‡K evsjv cÖkœ Ki‡j hZUzKz DËi cvIqv hv‡e
GUvB n‡jv cÖkœ|
Note: Wh-question Kivi ci (?) wPýwU w`‡Z n‡e Zv bv n‡j gvK©© cvIqv hv‡e bv|
*Wh-qestion Kivi mgq person cwieZ©b Gi welqwU gv_vq ivL‡Z n‡e|
Person cwieZ©‡bi wbqg:
 hw` ev‡K¨ I A_ev we _v‡K Zvn‡j you n‡e|
 hw` ev‡K¨ me/us _v‡K Zvn‡j you n‡e|
 hw` ev‡K¨ my/our _v‡K Zvn‡j your n‡e|
 Be verb ej‡Z Kx eyS?
*Be verb n‡jv am, is, are, was, were.
*Auxiliary verb ev mvnvh¨Kvix verb ‡Kvb¸‡jv:
[ am/is/was/were/have/has/had/have/been/has
been/shall/will/can/could/may/might/would/ought to GB ¸‡jv‡K mvnvh¨Kvix verb
e‡j| ]
*** g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e:- hw` ev‡K¨ mvnvh¨Kvix verb bv _v‡K Zvn‡j mvnvh¨Kvix verb Gi cwie‡Z©
Do/does/did em‡e|
 evK¨wUi verb hw` present form G _v‡K Zvn‡j do/does emv‡Z n‡e|
 hw` verb Gi mv‡_ (s/es) hy³ _v‡K Zvn‡j does emv‡Z n‡e|
 hw` verb Gi present form nq Z‡e do em‡e|
 hw` verb wU past form _v‡K Zvn‡j did em‡e|
‡hgb:→
(1) Lima lives in Dhaka.
Ans:-Where does she live in?
GLv‡b wjgv †Kv_vq evm K‡i? cÕkœKv‡i GKUv RvqMv wb‡`k© K‡i ZvB GLv‡b where Avbv n‡q‡Q| Avevi
lives verb mv‡_ Ös” hy³ wQj GB Rb¨ does Avbv n‡q‡Q Ges ‡k‡l live wjLv n‡q‡Q|
(2) I feel good today?
Ans:- How do you fell today?
GLv‡b mvnvh¨Kvix verb bv _vKvq do Avbv n‡q‡Q|
(3) Rana went to Dhaka Saturday.
Ans:- When did he go to Dhaka?
GLv‡b Rana KLb XvKv wM‡qwQ‡jv cÕkœ Kiv n‡j DËi cvIqv hvq| ZvB GLv‡b mgq D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q GB
R‡b¨ when e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges GB ev‡K¨ past form Av‡Q verb wU ZvB did e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 **weMZ mv‡j Avmv Ab©vm Ges wWwMÖ cixÿvq wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Rules**
 Rule-01: Subject wn‡m‡e hw` nobody/no one/ none/neither _v‡K Zvn‡j wh question
Ki‡Z n‡j →Who+evwK Ask emv‡jB n‡e|
Example-
Nobody believes a liar.
Ans:- Who believes a liar?
GLv‡b Nobody Gi cwie‡Z© ïay who em‡Q Avi evKx Ask wVK Av‡Q|
 Rule-02: ev‡K¨i g‡a¨ hw` form/in/on ev ¯’v‡bi bvg D‡jøL _v‡K Zvn‡j where Øviv cÕkœ Ki‡Z
n‡e|
Example:
She comes from Dhaka.
Ans:- Where does she come from?
GLv‡b RvqMvi bvg D‡jøL Av‡Q ZvB where Øviv cÕkœ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avi evKx Ask wVK Av‡Q|
 Rule-03:- ev‡K¨i g‡a¨ mvj ev mgq _vK‡j when Øviv cÕkœ Ki‡Z n‡e| hw` †Kv‡bv ev‡K¨
last+time/in+time/tomorrow/evening/morning/Sunday/yesterday _vK‡j when
wb‡q Avm‡Z n‡e|
Example:-
a) Rahim went to Dhaka last week.
Ans: When did Rahim go to Dhaka?
b) He went to Comilla yesterday.
Ans: When did he go to Comilla?
c) The journey was made last week.
Ans: When was the journey made?
Dc‡ii wZbwU D`vni‡Y GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡qi D‡jøL Av‡Q hvi R‡b¨ when e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 Rule-04: ev‡K¨i g‡a¨ hw` KviY wb‡`k© K‡i Zvn‡j why Øviv cÖkœ Ki‡Z n‡e| hw` †Kvb ev‡K¨
Because, for/to/as e¨eüZ nq Zvn‡j why Øviv cÖkœ Ki‡Z n‡e|

Example:
a) Rajshahi is famous for mango?
Ans:- Why is Rajshahi famous?
b) I could not go because I was ill.
Ans: Why could you not go?
c) He went to market to buy a shirt.
Ans: Why did he go to market?
d) We respect him for his honesty.
Ans: Why do you respect him?
GLv‡b subject we Gi cwie‡Z© you e‡m‡Q Ges for Øviv KviY wb‡`©k Kivq why e¨envi n‡q‡Q|
 Rule-05: ‡Kvb ev‡K¨ hw` only/old/high _v‡K Zvn‡j how Øviv cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e|
 Rule-06: msL¨v cwigvY †evSv‡j How many/how much Øviv cÖkœ Ki‡Z n‡e|

 Rule-07: hw` †Kv‡bv ev‡K¨ subject ev` w`‡q wh-question Kiv nq Zvn‡j wh RvZxq word+evwK Ask
emv‡jB n‡e|
a) Practice makW a man perfect.
Ans: What makes a man perfect?
b) He is honest man.
Ans: Who is honest man?
c) Rana closed door.
Ans: Who closed the door?
d) The news makes him sad.
Ans: What makes him sad?
Dcwiw³ me¸‡jv D`nvi‡Y subject wU ev` w`‡q wh-question Kiv n‡q‡Q|

***wb‡P wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© D`vniY †`Iqv n‡jv hv weMZ Ab©vm I wWwMÖ cixÿvq G‡m‡Q***

1) This book cost me Tk. 450. ans:-When was the journey made?
ans:- How much did this book cost? 5) She looks like a queen.
2) I would like to have a cup of tea. ans:-How does she look?
ans:-What would you like to have? 6) I have been out of the country for two years.
3) He broke the glass with a hammer. ans:-How long have you been out of the
ans:-How didi he break the glass? country?
4) The journey was mad last week.
7) A meeting og the students council will be 26) Forty eight martyrs have been laid rest on
tomorrow. Fenibil.
ans:-When will a meeting of the students be ans:-How many martyrs have been laid rest
held? ofn Fenibil?
8) Our students are well behaved. 27) Raja used to take exercise in the
ans:-How are your students? gymnasium.
9) Everybody wishes to be happy. ans:-Where did raja use to take exercise?
ans:-Who doesn`t wish to be happy? 28) The pen cost him taka fifty.
10) He married a Spanish lady. ans:-How much did the pen cost him?
ans:-Whom did he marry? 29) He gets up at 6 am.
11) Sumi Studies English in Dhaka University. ans:-When does he get up?
Ans:-Where does Sumi study in English? 30) They died in Dhaka.
12) The train runs 60 miles per hour.ans:-How ans:-Where did they die?
far does the train run per hour? 31) He was only four when his father died.
13) It will take 20 minutes to reach there. ans:- ans:-How old was he whem his father died?
How long will it take to reach there? 32) Alice will go there by bus.
14) I have visited India, Bhutan and Sri-lanka. ans:-How will Alice go there?
ans:-When countries have you visited? 33) They seemed to be tried.
15) The president of Mali has resigned. ans:- ans:-How did they seem to be?
Who has resigned? 34) It will take 30 minutes to reach there.
16) Rahima went to market with her mother. ans:- How long will if take to reach there?
ans:-Where did Rahima go with her mother? 35) He visits his patents twice a month.
17) It has been raining cats-and dogs since ans:-How often does he visit his parents?
morning. ans:-How long has it been running 36) It is quarter to eleven now.
cats and dogs? ans:-What time is it now?
18) You need to learn English well because it is 37) I could not go because I was ill.
a passport to knowledge. ans:-Why do you ans:-Why could you not go?
need to learn English well? 38) Nobody believes a liar.
19) My elder sister reached Chattogram in the ans:-Who believes a liar?
evening. ans:-When did your sister reach 39) This is Hannan umbrella.
Chattogram? ans:-Whose umbrella is this?
20) There are twenty eight days in February. 40) The Doctor suggested the patient of severe
ans:-How many days are there in February? could.
21) I respect my teacher for his honesty. ans:- ans:-What did doctor suggest the patient?
Why do you respect your teacher? 41) I`m fine. Thank you. ans:-How are you?
22) They are playing golf. 42) My mother is thirty years old.
ans:-What are playing? ans:-How old is your mother?
23) Zaman lives in Chattogram. 43) I get u at six in the morning.
ans:-Where does Zaman live? ans:-When do you get up in the morning?
24) He was transferred from Khulna to Dhaka. 44) Monetary problems have hampered his
ans:-Where has he transferred form Khulan? education.
25) Tamabil is famous for since beauty. ans:-Which problems have hampered his
ans:-What is Tamabill famous for? education.
45) I am going to Dhaka. 70) Dhaka is 137Kms away from Lakshmipur.
ans:-Where are you going? ans:-How far is Dhaka away from
46) I hurt Abed while removing the furniture. Lakshimpur.
71) There are five books on the table.
ans:-Whom did you removing the furniture?
ans:- How many books are the on the table?
47) I was caught in a traffic jam. 72) He is fond of playing cricket.
ans:-Where Where you caught? ans:- What is he fond of playing?
48) I have been waiting here for half an hour. 73) I have been waiting here for three hours.
ans:-How long have you been waiting here? ans:- How long have you been waiting here?
49) The manager opened the vault with a key. 74) It has been raining cats and doges since
50) ans:-What did the manager open with a key? morning.
51) I know the man from japan ans:- How long has it been raining cats and
. ans:-Which man do you know? dogs?
52) Something happened last Sunday. 75) We should respect our seniors.
ans:- When did something happen? ans:- Whom should you respect?
53) Mariam went to school on foot yesterday. 76) We repect him for his honesty.
ans:-How did Mariam go to school ans:- Why do you repect him?
yesterday? 77) We wear masks to prevent Covid-19.
54) My mother is a school teacher. ans:- Why do you wear masks?
ans:-What is your mother? 78) Charity does begins at home.
55) He went to Dhaka to buy a car. ans:- Where does charity begin?
ans:-Why did he to Dhaka? 79) She comes at 10 am.
56) Shakespeare was a playwright. ans:- When does he come?
ans:-What was Shakespeare? 80) The book costs tk.60.
57) He lives in London. ans:- How much does the book cost?
ans:-Where does he live? 81) The moon shines at night.
58) He went to India yesterday. ans:- When does the moon shine?
ans:-Where did he go yesterday? 82) He came to me to get some help.
59) Dinajpur is famous for fine rice. ans:- Why did he come to you?
ans:-What is Dinajpur famous for? 83) He married samia.
60) He came from England. ans:- Whom did he marry?
ans:-Where did he come from? 84) I read the book twice.
ans:- How often did you read the book?
61) She bought a new car. 85) The man died in 1983.
ans:-What did she buy? ans:- When did the man die?
62) He is honest and industrious. 86) Everybody hates a liar.
ans:- How is he? ans:- Who doesn’t hat a liar?
63) She looks like a rose. 87) Everybody wishes to be happy.
ans:-What does she look like? ans:- Who doesn’t wish to be happy?
64) I did not go to college as I was will. 88) Everbody likes sweet.
ans:-Why did you not go to school? ans:- Who doesn’t like sweet?
65) Everybody loves his motherland. 89) John keats was born in England.
ans:-Who does not love his motherland? ans:- Where was john keats born?
66) He came back last night. 90) He gets up at 6 am.
ans:-When did he come back? ans:- When does he get up?
67) We have been waiting for an hour. 91) They died in Dhaka.
ans:-How long have you been waiting? ans:-Where did in Dhaka?
68) Nazrul is our rebel poet. 92) He was only four when his father died.
ans:- Who is our rebel poet? ans:- How old was he when his father died?
69) She looks like a filmstar.
ans:-What does she look like?
93) Alice will go there by bus. ans:- Who is our rebel poet?
ans:-How will alice go there? 112) She looks like a filmster.
94) They seemed to be tired. ans:- What does she look like?
ans:- How did they seem to be? 113) Dhaka is 137 kms away from Lakshmipur.
95) It will take 30 minutes to reach there. ans:-How far is Dhaka from Lakshimpur?
ans:- How much time will it take to reach 114) She went home to enjoy the function.
there? ans:- Why did she go home?
96) He came form England. 115) I borrowed his car.
ans:- Where did he come from? ans:- Whose car did you borrow?
97) She bought a new car. 116) He would like to drink coffee.
ans:-What did she buy? ans:-What would he like to drink?
98) He is honest and industrious. 117) My father is a teacher.
ans:- How is he? ans:- What is a teacher?
99) She looks like a rose. 118) I have purchased five book.
ans:- What does she look like? ans:-How many books have you purchased?
100) I did not go to colleage as I was ill.ans:-Why 119) I went there by bus.
did you not to college? ans:- How did you go there?
101) Everybody loves his motherland. 120) Mr. Karim will come here at night.
ans:- Who does not love his motherland? ans:-Who will come here at night?
102) He came back last night. 121) She eats only one thing for luncheon.
ans:- When did he come back? ans:- How many things does she eat for
103) The news made him sad. luncheon?
ans:-What did make him sad? 122) These boys live in an orphanage.
104) He left the place early in the morning. ans:- Where do these boys live?
ans:- When did he leave the place? 123) Shafi wants to meet the principal.
105) You need to learn English because it is a ans:- Who does shafi want to meet?
passport to knowledge. 124) Runa is talking to luna.
ans:- Why do you need to learn English? ans:-Who is taking to Runa?
106) This house is ours. 125) It is half past ten a.m now.
ans:- What is ours? ans:- What is the time now?
107) The bank closes at 5 p.m. 126) He visited America, Japan and Canada.
ans:- When time does the bank close? ans:-Which country did he visit?
108) The Frenceh Revolution took in 1789. 127) He goes to college on foot.
ans:- When did the French revolution take ans:-How does he go to College?
place? 128) The book costs me five hundred taka.
109) No one can escape death. ans:-What costs me give hundred taka?
ans:- Who can escpae death? 129) She went to New Market to buy some book.
110) We have been waiting for an hour. ans:-Why did she go to New Market?
ans:- How long have you waiting? 130) He visits his parents twice a month.
111) Nazrul is our rebel poet. 131) ans:-Whom he visits twice a month?
 05 Re-arrange

 KZ¸‡jv Word G‡jv‡g‡jv fv‡e †`Iqv _vK‡e| GB G‡jv‡g‡jv Word ¸‡jv‡K Word order
Abyhvqx mvwR‡q sentence MVb Kiv‡K Re-arrange e‡j|
 Rules-01: hw` G‡jv‡g‡jv word ¸‡jv‡Z Auxiliary verb+g~j verb+object+evwK Ask|
hw` Auxiliary verb bv _v‡K Zvn‡j, Subject+verb+object+evwK Ask|

‡hgb:-
a) Que: his word he has kept
Ans: He has kept his word.
b) Que: his younger he brother loves.
Ans: He loves his younger brother.
 Rules-02: Av‡iv GKwU c×wZ n‡jv: Subject+Verb+Prepostion+Object Gfv‡eI evK¨
wjLv hvq|

‡hgb:- Good Vegetables for green are health.

= Green Vegetables are good for health.
 Rules-03: Re-arrange Gi wjLvi Ab¨ GKwU wbqg n‡j: Sub+verb+Article (A, an,
the)+Noun+preposition+obj.

‡hgb:- Towns a problem serious is in traffic all jam.

=Traffic jam is a serious problem in all twons.
 Rules-04: Re-arrange Kivi Av‡iv GKwU c×wZ n‡jv: Sub+Model+mvnvh¨Kvix
verb+g~j verb+prepostition/Article+obj.

‡hgb:- Read regularly a must student.

=A student must read regularly.
 Rules-05: Re-arrange wjLvi c×wZ n‡jv:sub+verb+Article(A,an,the)+Adjective
(hw` _v‡K)+noun+obj. ‡hgb:- poor a the man helps generous.
=A generous man helps the poor.

 Rules-06: Av‡iv GKwU c×wZ n‡jv: Sub+verb+obj.

‡hgb:- sour taste green mangoes.
=Green mangoes taste sour.

 Rules-07: hw` cÖev` evK¨ _v‡K Zvn‡j G‡ÿ‡Î †Kvb wbqg bvB| ïaygvÎ weMZ mvj ¸‡jv gyL¯Í
Ki‡jB n‡e|

†hgb:-

a) all is at root health of happiness the.

=Health is at the root of all happiness.
b) a dead cow while walking in the field I saw a dead cow.
=While I was walking in the field I saw a dead cow.

***Re-arrange wjLvi Short-cut ‡UKwbK:

Sentence Structure Example

Assertive Sub+verb+object It became independent in 1971.

Interrogative A.V+sub+others+? Will you go to Dhaka today.

Wh+A.V+sub+others+? What is Dhaka famous for.

Imperative You+verb+object Speak the truth.

optative May+subject+verb+obj. May allah bless you.

*wb‡P ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Re-arrange Gi D`vniY †`Iqv

n‡jv:
1) A was it comport them great for. 7) is Bangladesh land a rivers of
ans:-it was a great comfort for them. ans:- Bangladesh is a land of reivers.
2) An live age we science of in. 8) Here everyday comes he
ans:-We live in a age of science. ans:-He comes here everyday.
3) Anybody liar a believe does. 9) Got 1971 Bangladesh in her independence.
ans:- Does anybody believe a liar? ans:- Bangladesh got her independence in
4) Are I who know you 1971.
ans:- I know who you are. 10) Going he my insisted on to syllhet.
5) As people king consider him. ans:- He insisted on my going to syllhet.
ans:-People consider him as king. 11) Fair if foul is foul fair.
6) Brief the in narrate story. ans:-Fair is foul, foul is fair.
ans:-Narrate the story in brief. 12) Education had not much he
 ans:- He had not much education. 31) Has no he pen with write to
13) Dancing went she away ans:- He has no pen to write with.
ans:-She went away dancing. 32) In us ways many help rivers
14) Came he last ningt ans:- Rivers help us in may ways.
ans:- He came last night. 33) Old Newton now years was fifty.
15) Mother every her child loves. ans:- Now Newton was fifty years old.
ans:- every mother loves her child loves. 34) My friend of inform please my trouble.
16) Man is the birth indepence right of a ans:- Inform my friend of my trouble.
ans:- independence is the birth right of a 35) Proud mother of we tongue are our.
man. ans:- We are proud of our mother tongue.
17) Life is a not tale. 36) Martyrs are they called
ans:- life is not a tale. ans:- They are called martyrs.
18) Letter reveive your to very am I glad 37) Until stay here come i
ans:- I am to reveive your letter. ans:- Stay here until I come.
19) Is key success the to industry. 38) Warfare skilled he was in.
ans:- Industry is the key to success. ans:-He was skilled in warfare.
20) Is for famous Rajshahi what 39) Was apple so their Luke the eye of
ans:- What is Rajshahi famous for? ans:- So, Luke was the apple of their eye.
21) Received Socrated education a good. 40) Wife was who also his Isabel was
ans:- Socrated received a good education. industrious
22) Terrible accident in happened car of me in ans:- His wife was Isabel who was also
front a indusritous.
ans:- A terrible car accident happened in 41) He moment a never for single stop.
front of me. ans: He never stops for a single moment.
23) The fortune brabe favours 42) Is like gypsy time man a.
ans:- Fortune favours the brave. ans: Time is like a gypsy man.
24) Time is gone for but ever 43) Time should utilize our we properly.
ans:-But time is gone forever. ans: We should utilize our time properly.
25) Whithout the length gave fact his orders at 44) Lies in contentment happiness.
once knowing the at ans: Happiness lies in contentment.
ans:- At length, he gave his orders without 45) Know the motto thyself to of Socrates was.
knowing the fact at once. ans: The motto of Socrates was to know
26) Wrong gave me information he thyself.
ans:- he gave me wrong information. 46) Better serve heaven hell to in reign than in.
27) Do he accourding should duty his ans: Better to reign in hell than to serve in
ans:- He should do his duty accordingly. heaven.\
28) Does if otherwihse to is he repent he sure. 47) Pairs of two shoes I bought.
ans:-If he does otherwise he is sure to ans: I bought two Paris of shoes.
repent. 48) Unwelcome world girls are born the in an.
29) Golden Bangldesh is called of jute the fiber. ans: The girls are born in an unwelcome
ans:-Jute is called golden fiber of world.
Bangladesh. 49) Floods prevent trees and drought.
30) Gold not is all glitters that. ans: Trees prevent floods and drought.
ans:- All that glitters in sot gold.
50) Population growth rapid to this problem has 65) For love we country our should have.
added. ans: We should have love for our country.
ans: Rapid population growth has added to 66) What them asked I doing were they.
this problem. ans: I asked them what they were doing.
51) Mean do you what ecological balance by? 67) My friend of inform please my trouble.
ans: What do you mean by ecological ans: Please inform my friends of my trouble.
balance? 68) Aunt lived with she her.
52) Hang all these together things. ans: She lived with her aunt.
ans: All these things hang together. 69) Received Socrates education a good.
53) Polluted is very harmful water health to. ans: Socrates received a good education.
ans: Polluted water is very harmful to health. 70) Warfare skilled he was in.
54) Good vegetables for green are health. ans: He was skilled in warfare.
ans: Green vegetables are good for health. 71) Education had not much he.
55) One shine working no life hard can in ans: He had hot much education.
without. 72) Kingdom was ruling his kingdom.
ans: One cannot shine in life without hard ans: King Lear was tired of ruling his
working. kingdom.
56) Season wind rainy the south during blows 73) A dead cow I while saw I walking was in the
the from. field.
ans: Wind blows from the south during the ans: I saw a dead cow while I was walking
rainy season. in the field.
57) Born thousands Aristotle was in Greece of 74) As I am you are as tall.
ago years. ans: I am as tall as you are.
ans: Aristotle was born in Greece thousands 75) morning he up gets the in early.
of ago years. ans: He gets up early in the morning.
58) A place lights the came distant from. 76) Time is gone for but ever
ans: She told that her English was not good. ans:-But time is gone forever.
59) Persia we greatest Ferdousi of the poet of. 77) Whithout the length gave fact his orders at
ans: Ferdousi was one of the greatest poets once knowing the at
of Persia. ans:- At length, he gave his orders without
60) Beautiful flower is what a it! knowing the fact at once.
ans: What a beautiful flower it is!
61) A corruption big in problem is country our. 78) Wrong gave me information he
ans: In our country corruption is a big ans:- he gave me wrong information.
problem. 79) Do he accourding should duty his
62) On money my lend to me called some friend ans:- He should do his duty accordingly.
him. 80) Does if otherwihse to is he repent he sure.
ans: My friend called me to lend him some ans:-If he does otherwise he is sure to
money. repent.
63) Care our of good parents take should we. 81) Golden Bangldesh is called of jute the fiber.
ans: We should take good care of tour ans:-Jute is called golden fiber of
parents . Bangladesh.
64) Read regularly a must student. 82) Here everyday comes he
ans: A student must read regularly. ans:-He comes here everyday.
83) Got 1971 Bangladesh in her independence. ans:- I am to reveive your letter.
ans:- Bangladesh got her independence in 93) Is key success the to industry.
1971. ans:- Industry is the key to success.
84) Going he my insisted on to syllhet. 94) dancing girl went the away.
ans:- He insisted on my going to syllhet. ans:- The girl went the away.
85) Fair if foul is foul fair. 95) Wish I child were again I a.
ans:-Fair is foul, foul is fair. ans:- I wish I were a child again.
86) Education had not much he 96) Of but scope our computer learing limited is.
ans:- He had not much education. ans:- But scope of our computer learing is
87) Dancing went she away limited.
ans:-She went away dancing. 97) 1971 became Bangladesh in independent.
88) Came he last ningt ans:-Bangladesh became independent in
ans:- He came last night. 1971.
89) Mother every her child loves. 98) Nobody but happy can be.
ans:- every mother loves her child loves. ans:- But nobody can be happy.
90) Man is the birth indepence right of a 99) Intends abroad he to go.
ans:- independence is the birth right of a ans:- He intends to go abroad.
man.
91) Life is a not tale. 100) Nothing seems to be do have to.
ans:- life is not a tale. ans:-He seems to h ave nothing to do.
92) Letter reveive your to very am I glad
 06 Changing words

 k‡ãi †k‡l ment, tion, try, th, sion, ness, hood, ship, dom, ce, ism, ist, er,
tude, ure, all (verb+all) ing (gerund) hy³ K‡i noun Ki‡Z n‡e| part of speech
cwieZ©b Kivi wKQz wbqg i‡q‡Q| †hgb:
 verb to noun.
 adjective to noun.
 noun/adjective to verb.
 adjective to adverb.
1.Verb to Noun
 Rule:01- verb Gi †k‡l t ev te _vK‡j Zvi cwie‡Z© tion ev sion e‡m Ges KL‡bv KL‡bv ation
‡hvM K‡i cwieZ©b Kiv nq, verb Gi †k‡l s ev es _vK‡j e Gi cwie‡Z© action, unne _vK‡j e
ev` w`‡q ption, d ev de _vK‡j Zvi cwie‡Z© sion/tion, y _vK‡j y ev` w`‡q I Ges age e‡m
Noun cwieZ©b Kiv nq|

‡hgb:-

 Connection→ connection
 Expert → expectation.
 Organize → organization.
 consume→consumption.
 Divide→divison
 Rectify→ rectification.
 enjoy→ enjoyment.
 Break →breakage.
 Deny → denial.
 Rule:02- adjective Gi †k‡l ant e ent _vK‡j t Gi cwie‡Z© ce, ate, et, t _vK‡j
‡k‡li t ev` w`‡q cy e‡m, le, al, or _vK‡j Zv ev` w`‡q ity ev verty e‡m, wKQz adjective Gi
mv‡_ ness e‡m, wKQz adjective Gi hood, dom ev ship ‡hvM K‡i verb Gi cwieZ©b Kiv hvq|

‡hgb:-

 Intelligent → intelligence
 Intimate →intinacy.
 Able → ability.
 High → height.
 Aware →awarness
 Free → freedom.

2.Noun/Adjective to verb

 Rule:03- Noun ev adjective Gi c~‡e© prefix `be’ ‡hvM K‡i, em, im, en ev in ‡hvM K‡i,
Noun adjective Gi †k‡l fy, ify, ize ev en-suffix ‡hvM K‡i verb Gi cwieZ©b Kiv hvq|

‡hgb:-

 fool → befool
 trap →entrap
 bank →embank
 null →nulligy
 black → blacken
 drop → drip
 cloth → clothe.
3.Adjective to Adverb
 Rule:04- mvaviYZ suffix `ly’ ‡hvM K‡i adjective ‡K adverb G cwieZ©b Kiv hvq|
‡hgb:-
 terrible→terribly
 dramatic → dramtically.
 *Changing Word Special Rules.

Serial No Part of speech ‡Pbvi Dcvq

01 Adverb Ly, Adjective+ly

02 Noun Verb+al,tion, sion, est, ance, er, ge, th,

de,age, ture, ty.

03 Verb k‡ãi †k‡l ete, e, en, ed, ize, ify Ges k‡ãi Av‡M
en, Be.

04 Adjective En, y, noun+al, tive, ish, ful, ous.

***wb‡P wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© D`vniY †`Iqv n‡jv:-

1. Cage → encage (v): Who can 9. Mental→ mentally (adv): I am
encages such a mad dog? metally shocked to hear the death
2. Mother→ motherly (adj): Mrs news of your father.
Karim is an affectionate, motherly 10. Replied → reply (n): He gave a
women. short reply to the question.
3. Boy→boyish (adj): He is a good 11. Fail → failure (n) Failure is the
boy. pillar of success.
4. Improve → improvement (n) : I 12. Safe → safety (adv): He arrived
notice no improvement in you. safety.
5. Enter → entrance(n) : He entered 13. Comfort → comfortably (adv): He
into my room suddenly. spent the vacation comfortably.
6. Success →succeed(v) : He 14. Free → Freedom (n): He is
succeed in the examination. courageous.
7. achieve →achievement (n): 15. Creation → create (v): God has
Nurul`s achievement in the field of created the universe.
literature is praise worthly. 16. Large → enlarge (v): I shall
8. Development →develop (v): If we enlarge my photograph.
try, we can develop our country. 17. Noble → ennoble (v): Education
ennobles our minds.
18. Habit → habitual (adj): He is a 33. Thirst → thirsty (aj): He is so
habitual liar. thirsty that he must drink water.
19. Pure → purity (n): Your life needs 34. Nice → nicely (ad): nicely :
purity. Rahim score a Fifty nicely.
20. Creature → creation (n): Man is 35. Length→ long (adj): The way is
the best creation of allah. too long to reach in time.
21. Submit → submission (n): The 36. Wisdom →wisely (adv): She
final deadline for the submission. behaves very wisely.
22. Pride → proud (adj): Mr Shuvo is 37. Valuable → valuable (n) he robber
proud of this daughter. snatched away my valuables.
23. Invite→ invitation (n): I have got 38. Understand → understandable (adj)
her invitation for the birthday : It is understandable.
party. 39. Threat→ Threateningly (adv): He
24. Nation → Nation wide (adj): The glared at her threateningly.
BRAC has the nation wide activity 40. Sure → ensure (v): He ensured me
of education. of his departure.
25. Confession→ confess (v): He 41. Success= succeed (verb): He
confessed his guilt. succeed in life by working hard.
26. Exclude → exclusion (v): People 42. Education= educate (verb): She
educated in London.
of our country suffer from
43. Advice=advise (verb): I advised to
exclusion form health. avoid smoking.
27. Happy → Happiness (n): 44. Know=Knowledge (noun): His
Happiness lies in satisfaction. knowledge of English is better.
28. Curiosity→ Curious (adj): I am 45. Treat=Treatment (noun): He his
curious enough to know the news. under the treatment of a famous
29. Basic → basically (ad): Mr Raihan
doctor.
46. Achieve= Achievement (noun):
is basically a miser. She has no achievement in life.
30. Invent → Invention (n): E-mail is a 47. Ability=enable (verb): It enable us
recent invention. to do the work.
31. Prosper → Prosperous (adj): I wish 48. Education= educated (adjective):
you a prosperous life. He is an educated man.
49. Natural=naturally (adverb): Many plants
32. Timely → Time (n) Time wait for grow naturally.
none. 50. History=Historically (adverb):The book
is historically inaccurate.
51. Creation=create (verb): Education 69. Warm=warmth (noun): She spoke
creates good citizens. warmth.
52. Weak= weaken (verb): Laziness 70. Proud=Pride (noun): She has no pride.
weakens your limbs. 71. Application = Apply (Noun): I shall no
53. Risk=Risky (adjective): He has apply for this job.
undertaken a risky project. 72. Payment=pay (verb): He payment her
54. Necessity=Necessary (adjective): card.
Necessity knows no law. 73. Hungry=Hunger (noun): I tried to gratify
55. Pure=poverty (Noun): Poverty is great his hunger.
crisis. 74. Personal=person (adjective): Don’t poke
56. Boy=Boyish (adjective): His nature is your nose into my personal affair.
boyish. 75. Life=live (verb): She lives in Dhaka.
57. Strong=strengthen (verb): Confidence 76. Believe=Belief (noun): Parents have no
strengthens personality. lelief on his at all.
58. Wisdom=Wisely.(Adverb): She tacked 77. Duty=dutiful (adjective): Everybody
the situation wishely. likes a dutiful person.
59. Health=Healthy (Adverb): The boy is 78. Kind= Kindness (noun): Kindness is a
healthy. great virue.
60. Mental=Mentally (Adverb): He is 79. Use=Useful (adj): The cow is useful.
mentally ill. 80. Rich=enrich (verb): We should enrich
61. Die=Dead (Adjective): She has given the affair.
birth to a dead child. 81. Pride=Proud (adjective):
62. Beauty=Beautiful (verb): It is a beautiful 82. Remove=removed (noun): This video is
seene. removed.
63. Social = Society (noun): Man cannot live 83. Benefit=Beneficial (adjective): Morning
out of society. walk is beneficial to scene.
64. Friend=Friendly (adjective): He is 84. Courage= courageous (verb): He is very
friendly boy. courageously.
65. Sure=ensure (verb): He ensured me of 85. Economic=Economy (adjective): The
his departure. economy of the country is well.
66. Wise=wisdom (noun): Old people have 86. Help=Helpful (adjective): The data is
wisdom. quite helpful.
67. Safe=save (verb): Only God can save us. 87. Violate=Violation.(noun): They were in
68. Better=batterment (noun): I did it for open violation of the treaty.
your betterment.
 D`vniY weMZ mvj: Ab©vm/wWwMÖ PP©v Ki‡Z n‡e: wb‡Pi 52 wU co‡jB n‡e|

1. Success= succeed (verb) 27. Friend=Friendly (adjective)

2. Education= Educate (verb) (100%) 28. Sure=Ensure (verb)
3. Advice=Advise (verb) 29. Wise=wisdom (noun)
4. Know=Knowledge (noun) 30. Safe=save (verb)
5. Treat=Treatment (noun) 31. Better=batter man(--)
6. Achieve= Achievement(noun) 32. Worn=wanly (adverb)
7. Ability=Enable (verb) 33. Proud=Pride (noun)
8. Education= Educational 34. Apply=Application(Noun)
(adjective) (100%) 35. Payment=pay(verb)
9. Natural=Naturally (adverb) 36. Hungry=Hunger (noun )
10. History=Historically (adverb) 37. Personal=person (100%)
11. Creation=create (verb) 38. Attractive =attraction (verb)
12. Knowledge= Knowledgeable 39. Life=live (verb)
(adjective). 40. Important=Importance( noun)
13. Weak= weaken(verb) (100%) 41. Believe=Belief(noun)
14. Risk=Risky (adjective) 42. Duty=dutiful (adjective)
15. Necessity=Necessary(adjective) 43. Kindness=kindly (adverb)
16. Creature=Creation (noun) 44. Use=Useful.
17. Pure=purity (Noun) 45. Rich=enrich (verb)
18. Poor=Pouty(noun) 46. Pride=Proud (adjective)
19. Boy=Boyish (adjective) 47. Remove=Removed (noun)
20. Strong=strengthen(verb) (100%) 48. Benefit=Beneficial(adjective)
21. Wisdom=Wisely.(Adverb) 49. Courage=encourage (verb)
22. Health=Healthy (Adverb) 50. Economy=Economically
23. Mental=Mentally (Adverb) (adjective)
24. Die=Dead (Adjective) 51. Help=Helpful.
25. Beauty=Beautiful (verb) 52. Violate=Violation.(noun)
26. Society=Social (adjective)
 Punctuation & Capitalization
07

 Sentence Gi A_©‡K my¯úó K‡i K‡i ‡evSv‡bvi Rb¨ ‡h wPý¸‡jv e¨envi Kiv nq, †m¸‡jv‡K
Punctuation Marks. Bs‡iwR ev‡K¨ e¨eüZ cÕavb cÕavb Punctuation marks -¸‡jv wb‡P
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:-

 Full stop (.)  Inverted Comma (Ò Ó)

 Comma (,)  Apostrophe (`)
 Semi-colon (;)  Hyphen (-)
 Colon (:)  Dash (
 Exclamation (!)  Brackets [{()}]
 Question (?)  Asterisk (*)

1.Full stop (.)

 Full stop(.) Øviv `xN© weiwZ wb‡`©k Kiv nq| Assertive, Imperative sentence I Indirect
speech Gi †k‡l Full stop(.) e‡m Ges Abbreviation I initials Gi c‡i Full stop(.) e‡m|
 I am Student.
 Please come here.
 Prof. M. A Jhon.
2. Comma (,)
 ¯^í weiwZ wb‡`©k Kivi †ÿ‡Î Comma (,) e¨eüZ nq| Gi e¨envi, Comma (,) and Øviv hy³
cÕwZwU k㸇jv‡K c„_K K‡i, Parts of speech fz³ wZb ev Z‡ZvwaK word cvkvcvwk _vK‡j and
Øviv hy³ †kl `ywU word e¨ZxZ Ab¨¸‡jvi c‡i comma e‡m,m‡¤^vab ev‡K¨i ïiæ‡Z _vK‡j I
c‡i,GK m‡½ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK adverb ev adverbial ‡K wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨, ci¯úi `ywUi ¯’v‡bi
bvg, ZvwiL I mvj, Tag-question Gi †ÿ‡Î,‡Rvov †Rvov verb, ‡Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev e¯`i cwiPq
cÕ`v‡b Comma (,) e‡m|
 ‡hgb:-
 Shuvo, Nurul, Rahim, Karim and Nadia are my Friend.
 If you come, I shall go.
 Be attentive, boys.
  Will you go there, please?

 Mijan said ``she is unwell.’’

 Birds fly, don’t they.
3. Semi-colon (;)
 Comma, A‡cÿv †ewk Ges Full stop, A‡cÿv weiwZ wb‡`©k Ki‡Z semi-colon (;) e‡m| Gi
e¨envi-‡Kv‡bv ev‡K¨i GKwU As‡k Kgv, †`qv _vK‡j Gi c‡ii As‡ki evK¨wUi evwK Ask ‡_‡K
Avjv`v Ki‡Z semi-colon e‡m|
 ‡hgb:-
 The road was bumpy; the bus was rickety.
04. Colon (:)
 Semi-colon (;) A‡cÿv `xN© weiwZ wb‡`©k Ki‡Z colon (:) e‡m| Gi e¨envi-e¨vL¨v †evSv‡Z,
mgq †jLvi ev NÈv ev wgwb‡U gvSLv‡b, e³v ev D×…wZ‡K Avjv`v Kivi Rb¨ colon (:) e‡m|
‡hgb:-
 2:32 a.m.
 Karim: How are you?
Rahim: I am fine.
05. Exclamation (!)
 ‡Kv‡bv evK¨ Øviv we¯§q, Djøvm, welv` BZ¨vw` AvKw¯§Km~PK †evSv‡j Exclamation (!) wPý e‡m|
 ‡hgb:-
 What a success!
 Hurrah! We have won the game

06. Question (?)

 AwbwðZ †Kv‡bv welq ev †Kv‡bv cÕkœ‡evaK evK¨ MV‡b Question (?) e‡m|
 ‡hgb:
 Are you happy?
 What is your name?
 How are you?

07. Inverted comma (Ò Ó)

 ‡Kv‡bv e³vi e³e¨ D‡jøL Ki‡Z e³vi K_v¸‡jv Direct speech Gi gv‡S w`‡Z nq| GQvovI
†Kv‡bv eB, Mí, KweZv, Dcb¨vm, bvUK BZ¨vw`I bvg †evSv‡Z Ges †Kv‡bv we‡kl k‡ãi Dci we‡kl
g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y Ki‡Z inverted (Ö Ó) e‡m|

 ‡hgb:-
 ÒStop thief!” he yelled.
 `They’ is a pronoun.

08.Apostrophe (`)

 Zvwi‡Li msL¨vi †ÿ‡Î, ‡`vKv‡bi bv‡gi †ÿ‡Î, k‡ãi mswÿßKi‡Y,Gi A‡_© Apostrophe e‡m|
 ‡hgb:-
 Nupur`s mother.
 I`am a student.
 Buther`s grocer`s.
09.Hyphen (-)
 GKwU gvÎ Letter w`‡q ïiæ word Gi †ÿ‡Î, hLb †Kv‡bv msL¨v Noun ev adjective Gi mv‡_ hy³
nq ZLb, msL¨v ev fMœvs‡ki †ÿ‡Î, `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK word compound word w`‡q MVb Kivi
†ÿ‡Î Hyphen(-) e‡m|
 ‡hgb:-
 Thirty-year contact.
 X-ray.
 Father in law, Non-cooperation.

10.Dash (

 Am¤ú~Y© word Gi †ÿ‡Î, AvKw¯§Kfv‡e ‡_‡g hvIqv, we¯§qfv‡e †kl †evSv‡Z Dash ( e‡m|
 ‡hgb:-
 B it, said the pirate.(Beat/Bend/Break it)
 The man was lying on the bed dead.

Capital letters Gi e¨envi

 Sentence cÕ_g Aÿi, eB ev cwÎKvi bvg, mßv‡ni evi I gv‡mi bvg, cvnvo-ce©Z I weL¨vZ
HwZnvwmK NUbvi , weL¨vZ ¯’vb ev e¯`i bvg, †h †Kv‡bv k‡ãi mswÿß iƒc, RvwZ ag© c`we ev Dcvwai
bv‡gi cÕ_g letter capital nq| Pronoun ÒI” Avwg A‡_© me©`vB capital letter nq|
 ‡hgb:-
 The cow is a useful animal.
 The Quran, Sunday, Bengali, USA, UK, The Muslim.

***wb‡P wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© D`vniY †`Iqv n‡jv:

1. The old man said can you give me some food I have been starving for two
days the maid said why do you beg cant you work

Ans:- The old man said, ÒCan you give me some food? I have been starving for
two days’. The maid said, ÒWhy do you beg? Can’t you work?Ó

2. Give me a few grains of corns im daying of hunger said the grasshopper

but what did you do in the summer didn’t you store up any grain that ant
remarked no I was too busy

Ans:- ÒGive me a few grains of corns. I`m dying of hunger”, said the grasshopper.
ÒBut what did you do in the summer? Didn’t you store up any grain?” the ant
remarked. ÒNo, I was too busy.”

3. Alexander the great, the king of Macedon was the son of Philip he invaded
india in 327 bc on the way he defeated pours then he marched towards the
Punjab.

Ans:- Alexander the great the king of Macedon, was the son of Philip. He invaded
India in 327 BC. On the way, he defeated Pours. Then, he marched towards the
Punjab.
4. people who have too many books often find they haven’t any time to read
them. In the same way people with too many friends cannot find enough time
to cultivate friendship with all of them.

Ans:- People who have too many books often find, they haven’t any time to read
them. In the same way, people with too many friends cannot find enough time to
cultivate friendship with all of them.

5. the most important thing of a tragedy is the structure of the incidents

because tragedy is an imitation not men but of an action and life.

Ans:- The most important thing of a tragedy is the structure of the incidents
because tragedy is an imitation, not men but of an action and life.

1. Alexander asked pours how do you desire to be treated like a king replied
porus and you have nothing else to request pours no replied pours.

Ans:- Alexander asked Pours, ÒHow do you desire to be treated?” ÒLike a king”,
replied porus. ÒAnd you have nothing else to request?”ÒNo”, replied Pours.

07. I see that you’re in the habit of eating a heavy luncheon im sure it’s a
mistake why don’t you follow my example and just eat one thing im sure you
feel ever so much better for it

Ans:- I see that you’re in the habit of eating a heavy luncheon. I m sure, it’s a
mistake. Why don’t you follow my example and just eat one thing? I m sure, you`d
feel ever so much better for it.

08. Will you come to my house tomorrow I asked the boy we can discuss terms
and condition then I said I shall be very happy to meet you at your house
thank so much he replied.

Ans:- ÒWill you come to my house tomorrow?” I asked the boy. ÒWe can discuss
terms and condition then”, I said. ÒI shall be very happy to meet you at your house.
Thank so much”, he replied.
09. mother is an unending sweet name she loves her children never neglects
her duties to them when i think if my mother leaves us embraces the eternity
how we can bear this separation never i must not let her go but it is
impossible.

Ans:- Mother is an unending sweet name. She loves her children, aver embracing
the eternity, how we can bear this separation! Never. I must not let her go but it is
impossible.

10. thomas stern eliot was born on september 26,1888 in st. lois missouri. after
studying at harvard and sorborne, he emigrated to english in 1914

Ans:- Thomas Stern Eliot was born on September 26,1888 in St. Lois Missouri.
After studying at Harvard and Sorborne, he emigrated to English in 1914.

1. Punctual the following passage:

as such the language used in these items will not be the some readers to do rot
expect to see a similar language used in reporting a medical discovery and another
report on the country’s increasing crime situation.

Ans: As such, the language used in these items will not be the same. Readers, too,
do rot expect to see a similar language used in reporting a medical discovery and
another report on the country’s increasing crime situation.

2. Punctual the following passage:

we live in Bangladesh almost all of us speck in bangle most of the people of the
country are Muslims besides hinds Buddhists and Christians also live here about
80 per cent people live in the villages

Ans: We live in Bangladesh. Almost all of us speck in Bangla. Most of the people
of the country are Muslims. Besides, Hinds, Buddhists and Christians also live
here. About 80 per cent people live in the villages.
3. Punctual the following passage:

the teacher said to asif why are you talking in the class you should behave yourself
asif replied I am sorry I am asking arena to land me his pen my pen has run out the
teacher said be attentive and listen to my lecture.

Ans: The teacher said to Asif. ``Why are you talking in the class? You should
behave yourself``.``Asif replied. `I am sorry, I am asking Arnab to land me his pen.
My pen has run out``. The teacher said. ``Be attentive and listen to my lectur``.

4. Punctual the following passage:

the great ship titanic sailed for new york from Southampton on 10 april 1912
carrying 1316 passengers and a crew of 819 at that time however she was not only
the largest ship but also unsinkable.

Ans: The great ship Titanic sailed for New York from Southampton on 10 april,
1912 carrying 1316 passengers and a crew of 819. At that time, however, she was
not only the largest ship but also unsinkable.

5. Punctual the following passage:

Bangladesh is famous for two of its gifts of nature one is the longest sea beach of
coxs bazar and another is the sundarbans so we must take every necessary measure
to protect them.

Ans: Bangladesh is famous for two of its gifts of nature. One is the longest sea
beach of Cox`s, Bazar and another is the sundarbans. So, we must take every
necessary measure to protect them.

6. Punctual the following passage:

the old man said can you give me some food I have been starving for two days the
maid said why do you beg cant you work

Ans: The old man said, Can you give me some food? I have been starving for two
days the maid said, ``Why do you beg? Can’t you work?’’

7. Punctual the following passage:

shakespeare is immortal poet and dramatist of the world the student of English
literature should try to visit his birthplace Seaford on avon now he is having an
eternal sleep in trinity church.

Ans: Shakespeare is immortal poet and dramatist of the world. The student of
English literature should try to visit his birthplace, Strafford on Avon. Now he is
having an eternal sleep in trinity church.

8. Punctual the following passage:

one day tow friends were passing through a thick jungle when night fell one of
them said to the other friend I am told that a fierce bear lives in the jungle what
should we do if we fall in with it I will kill it said the other they had not gone far
when the bear rushed out of the jungle.

Ans: One day tow friends were passing through a thick jungle. When night fell,
one of them said to the other friend, ``I am told that a fierce bear lives in the
jungle.’’ ``What should we do if we fall in with it.’’ ``I will kill it’’, said the other.
They had not gone far when the bear rushed out of the jungle.

9. Punctual the following passage:

why are you putting up the food in your pocket sir why don’t you eat asked the
noble man I am doing the right thing my dress deserves these rich dishes replied
sheikh saadi.

Ans: ``Why are you putting up the food in your pocket, sir? Why don’t you eat?’’
asked the nobleman. ``I’ am doing the right thing. My dress deserves these rich
dishes,’’ replied sheikh sa’adi.

10.Punctual the following passage:

the scientist shouted that he had done it addressing the scientist as sir the assistant
congratulated him on what he had done the scientist replied that he had done
something new.

Ans: The scientist shouted that he had done it.Addressing the scientist as sir, the
assistant congratulated him on what he had done. The scientist replied that he had
done. Something new.

11.Punctuate the following passage:

well its many years since we first met how time does fly we re none of us getting
any younger do you remember the first time l saw you asked me to luncheon.

Ans: ``Well, it`s many years since we first met. How time does fly! We’re none of
us getting any younger. Do you remember the first time l saw you? Asked me to
luncheon.

12.Punctuate the following passage:

how are you arifa said to Ayesha im fine Ayesha replied where do you live now
arifa asked l live at mirpur in Dhaka said Ayesha thank you she said

Ans: ``How are you?`` Arifa said to Ayesha. `I`m fine,`` Ayesha replied. ``Where
do you live now?``Arifa asked.``l live at mirpur in Dhaka,`` said Ayesha. `Thank
you,`` she said.

13.Punctuate the following passage:

Bangladesh is famous for two of its gifts of nature one is the longest sea beach of
cox`s bazar and another is the sundrabans but to be true the impact of the
sundarbans on our life is far more than that of the beach

Ans: Bangladesh is famous for two of its gifts of nature. One is the longest sea
beach of Cox`s Bazar and another is the sundrabans. But to be true, the impact of
the sundarbans on our life is far more than that of the beach.
14.Punctuate the following passage:

language plays every important role in our lire we use language to express our
ideas thought and feelings language is ever present in our activates it is only a
human trait

Ans: Language plays every important role in our lire. We use language to express
our ideas, thoughts and feelings. Language is ever present in our activates. It is
only a human trait.

15.Punctuate the following passage:

my name is salma alam I was born in Dhaka I was educated form Dhaka university
I love my country most it is a beautiful country

Ans: My name is Salma Alam.I was born in Dhaka. I was educated form Dhaka
University. I love my country most. It is a beautiful country.

16.Punctuate the following passage:

death is inevitable everybody knows it yet everybody forgets it for the necessity
of life again someone becomes immortal by welcoming the dealt with smiling face
someone dies many times before death

Ans: Death is inevitable. Everybody knows it. Yet everybody forgets it for the
necessity of life. Again someone becomes immortal by welcoming the dealt with
smiling face. Someone dies many times before death.

17.Punctuate the following passage:

People who have too many books often find they haven’t any time to read them.
In the same way people with too many friends cannot find enough time to
cultivate friendship with all of them
Ans: People who have too many books often find ``They haven’t any time to
read them.`` In the same way, people with too many friends cannot find enough
time to cultivate friendship with all of them.
18.Punctuate the following passage:
the most important of all the parts of tragedy is the structure ot the incidents
because tragedy is an imitating not of men but of an action and life
Ans: The most important of all the parts of tragedy is the structure ot the
incidents, because tragedy is an imitating not of men, but of an action and life.
19.Punctuate the following passage:
alexander asked pours how do you desire to be treated like a king replied pores
and you have nothing else to request no replied pours
Ans: Alexander asked pours, ``How do you desire to be treated? `Like a king,
replied pours. And you have nothing else to request?`` No replied pours.
20.Punctuate the following passage:
I see that you’re in the habit of eating a heavy luncheon in sure it’s a mistake
why don’t you follow my example and just eat one thing in sure you feel ever
so much better it
Ans: I see that you’re in the habit of eating a heavy luncheon. I`m sure, it’s a
mistake. Why don’t you follow my example and just eat one thing? I`m sure
you’d feel ever so much better it.
 08 Right Form of verbs

 Verb n‡jv GKwU ev‡K¨i g~j welq| Avi GB R‡b¨B MÖvgvi Gi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© UwcK n‡jv Right form
of verb. Right form of verb ej‡Z verb Gi mwVK iƒc‡K eySvq|
 cÖv_wgK fv‡e Avgiv verb Gi mwVK iƒc ev MVb Rvwb 6wU|
‡hgb:-
 Verb Gi base from G‡K Avevi verb Gi present from I ejv nq| A_ev (v1 ejv
nq|
 Verb Gi mv‡_ s/es hy³ GwUI Avi GKwU iƒc|
 Verb Gi mv‡_ ing hy³ K‡i G‡K present participle/gerund ej‡Z cvwi|
 Verb Gi mv‡_ to hy³ K‡i G‡K Avgiv infinitive ewj|
 Verb Gi past from _v‡K Avgiv (v2 e‡j wPwb|
 Verb Gi past participle _v‡K Avgiv (v3 e‡j wPwb|
 g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e: mKj Model verb Gi ci verb Gi base from nq|

*Zvn‡j Model verb ‡Kvb¸‡jv?

[can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, ought to, have to , has
to, etc]

wb‡P wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Rules Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv:

 Rules-01: ‡Kvb ev‡K¨ conjuntion wn‡m‡e so that, in order that, so…..that _vK‡j
cieZx© sentence G subject Gi ci can ev could ev may/might ewm‡q verb wUi present
from emv‡Z n‡e|

[Note: cÖ_g evK¨wU present tense n‡j cieZ©x ev‡K¨ Can/may em‡e| Avevi cÕ_g evK¨wU hw`
past tense nq Zvn‡j cieZ©x ev‡K¨ could/might em‡e|]

‡hgb:-
a) They work hard so that they (get) good job.\
Ans: Can get.
 Rules-02: ‡Kvb ev‡K¨ It is time, It is high time, wish, fancy Zv‡K Zvn‡j BZ¨vw`i ci
verb Gi past from n‡e|
‡hgb:-
a) It is time we (change) our bad habit.
Ans: Changed.
b) It is high time we (work) for our Future life.
Ans:- Worked.
c) I wish I (be) a bird.
Ans:- were.
 Rules-03: ‡Kvb ev‡K¨ hw` with a view to, look forward to, get used to, addicted to,
be used to, prefer to, contribute to _v‡K Zvn‡j verb Gi mv‡_ ing hy³ n‡e|

‡hgb:-

a) He went to school with a view to (learn)

b) Ans:- Learning

[GLv‡b ing n‡q‡Q KviY with a view to Øviv D‡Ïk¨ †evSv‡b n‡q‡Q|]

 Rules-04: ‡Kvb ev‡K¨ mind, can not help, could not help e‡m| Zvn‡j verb Gi mv‡_
ing n‡e|

‡hgb:
a) Would you mind (help) me a bit?
b) Ans:- helping. GLv‡b ing hy³ n‡q‡Q|
 Rules-05: Conditional sentence Gi †ÿ‡Î g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e:-
hw` evK¨wU →

 It+present indefinite nq Z‡e can/may/shall/will ewm‡q base verb em‡e| A_v©r verb
Gi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b n‡e bv|
 If+past indefinite nq Z‡e, could/might/should/would+ base verb n‡q A_v©r verb
‡Kvb cwieZ©b n‡e bv|
  If+had+v3 A_ev, had+sub+v3 nq Zvn‡j could/might/should/would+have+v3
form n‡e|

‡hgb:-

a) If you study, you (pass) in the exam.

Ans:- Will pass.
[GLv‡b cÕ_g evK¨wU present indefinite wQ‡jv ZvB wØZxq ev‡K¨i verb wU present
indefinite Gi mv‡_ will em‡Q|]
 Rules-06: mKj Prepostion Gi ci verb Gi mv‡_ ing nq| ïaygvÎ preposition ÒtoÓ Gi
c‡i verb Gi base form (v1) nq|

‡hgb:

a) You are not allowed without (permit).

Ans: Permitting.
 Rules-07: ‡Kv‡bv ev‡K¨I g‡a¨ generally, regularly, normally, daily, everyday,
always, etc. adverb _vK‡j †m evK¨wU present indefinite tense nq| Ges Subject 3rd
person singular A_©vr he, she, it ‡Kv‡bv e¨w³i ev e¯`i bvg n‡j verb Gi mv‡_ s ev es hy³
nq|

‡hgb:

a) Ripa (take) tea regularly.

Ans: takes.
b) He always (try) his level best.
Ans:- tries
 Rules-08: Wish Gi ci subject _vK‡j could+base verb em‡e|
‡hgb:-

a) I wish I (sing).
Ans: Could sing
[GLv‡b wish _vKvq could e‡m‡Q Ges verb Gi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq wb| Avevi hw`
wish+subject Gi ci (be) _v‡K| Zvn‡j were em‡e ïay|
‡hgb:

a) I wish I (be) a poet.

Ans:- were.
 Rules-09: ‡Kv‡bv ev‡K¨ hw` had better, had rather, would rather, let, dare, nead
BZ¨vw`i ci verb Gi present form A_©vr base form em‡e Ges verb Gi Av‡M to _vK‡j to
D‡V hvq|

‡hgb:

a) You had better (to speak) the truth.

Ans:- Speak.
A_v©r GLv‡b base verb em‡Q|
 Rules-10: hw` ev‡K¨ wPišÍb mZ¨, Af¨vm †Kv‡bv ev‡K¨ _vK‡j verb Gi present form nq|
†hgb, every time, daily, often, gradually ev‡K¨ _vK‡j verb Gi present form n‡e|

‡hgb:-

a) Man (to be) mortal.

Ans:- Is
 g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, ev‡K¨i g‡a¨ hw` yesterday, since, last time, gist, High time+Subject
_vK‡j verb Gi past form n‡e|
 g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e, †Kv‡bv ev‡K¨ just, just now, already, yet, lately, recently, ever, never,
_v‡K Zvn‡j have/has+verb+Gi p.p n‡e| GLv‡b hw` ev‡K¨i g‡a¨ not, yet, just, recently
_vK‡j DËi wjLvi mgq Zv mvnvh¨Kvix verb Gi ci emv‡Z n‡e|
 ev‡K¨i g‡a¨ hw` for/since/time _vK‡j DËi n‡e have been/has been+verb+ing hy³
Ki‡Z n‡e|
[Note: hw` subject (he, she, it, name) _vK‡j has been+ verb +ing n‡e|]
 ev‡K¨i g‡a¨ now _vK‡j DËi n‡e, am/is/are+verb+ing.
 Rules-11: While Gi ci mivmwi eª¨v‡KU _vK‡j verb Gi mv‡_ ing em‡e| Avevi, while Gi
ci subject Ges Zvici eª¨v‡KU _vK‡j verb past continues tense n‡e|

‡hgb:-

a) While (walk) in the garden, I saw a Snake.

Ans: Walking
b) While I (walk) in the garden, I saw a snake.
Ans: While I was walking in the garden, I saw s snake.
 Rules-12: hw` subject singular nq n‡e s hy³ verb em‡e| Avevi plural subject Gi †ÿ‡Î
s hy³ verb em‡e|

*wKQz Singular Subject:

 Each, Many a, neither, he, charity, A pair, walking (verb+ing), Fifty miles, the
captain, the fruit G¸‡jv singular subject.

‡hgb:-

a) Charity (being) at home.

Ans:- begins (GLv‡b s hy³ n‡q‡Q)
b) Fourty miles (be) a lon distance.
Ans:-Is (GLv‡b is n‡q‡Q)|
Note:
 Sub Gi ci be _vK‡j is n‡e|
 Sub Gi ci have _vK‡j has n‡e|
 Sub Gi ci (‡Kv‡bv word) _vK‡j word Gi mv‡_ GKwU s hy³ n‡e| BZ¨vw` Rules ¸‡jv
¸iæZ¡mnKv‡i co‡Z n‡e|

 Rules-13: present continuous tense Gi †ÿ‡Î eZ©gvb Kv‡ji K‡bv KvR n‡”Q ev Pj‡Q
†evSv‡j ÷vKPvi n‡e: Subject+am/is/are+Verb+ing+object. we‡kl K‡i †Kvb ev‡K¨ hw` ,
Now,at this moment,at present _v‡K Zvn‡j Avgiv Verb Gi mv‡_ Ing hy³ Ki‡ev|
‡hgb: Now They (Play) Football.

= Playing.

 Rules-14: Past indefinite tense Gi †ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv KvR AZx‡Z n‡qwQj wKš` Zvi dj GLb Avi
eZ©gvb †bB †evSv‡j _v‡K Past indefinite tense e‡j| †Pbvi Dcvq: yesterday, last, ago,
before, previous, once, once upon a time, one day, in ancient time BZ¨vw`| MVb:-
Subject+g~j verb Gi past form+object/Extension.

‡hgb:- Yesterday, he (come) to me.

=Came

 Rules-15: Future Indefinite tense Gi †ÿ‡Î fwel¨‡Z †Kvb KvR n‡e †evSv‡Z Future
Indifinite tense nq| †Pbvi Dcvq: Tomorrow, next day, next, following BZ¨vw`|

MVb:- Subject+shall/will+Base verb+Object/Extension.

‡hgb: :- He come tomorrow.

= Will come.

 Rules:16- Model+be Ges To be-ci past participle (v3) nq| (passive voice) Ges
Modal Ges To-ci Base verb nq|(Active voice)

‡hgb:-One Should (love) one’s country.

=One should love one’s country.

 Rules:17- GKB ev‡K¨ `y‡Uv Main verb _vK‡j Aci Main verb Gi ing e‡m|
‡hgb: I notice him work (hard).

=working.

 Rules:18- ev‡K¨i g‡a¨ hw` with a view to, look forward to, get used to, be used to,
with an object to, addicted to, prefer to, contribute to Gi ci (v+ing) e‡m|

‡hgb:- He is used to swim in the river.

= swimming.
 Rules:19- Mind, worth, cannot help, could not help Gi ci v+ing e‡m|
‡hgb:- I cannot help (do) the work.

=doing.

 Rules:20- Conditional Sentence Based Gi ‡ÿ‡Î:

If Present indefinite Can/may/shall/will+Base verb

If Past indefinite Could/might/should/would+Base verb

If Had+v3 Could/might/should/would/have+v3

Had+sub+v3 Could/might/should/ would+have+v3

‡hgb: If you had studied, you (pass) in the exam.

= If you had studied, you would have passed in the exam.

***wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© D`vniY †`Iqv n‡jv:

1. One of the pens (be) black. Ans:- 9. You (punish) yesterday for your
is. dishonesty. Ans:- punished
2. My father (go) to Dhaka yesterday. 10. A man gradually becomes blind if
Ans:-went. he (not eat) fod fish containing
3. My pen is (lose). Ans:-lost. vitamin A. Ans:-does not eat.
4. We (be) going there tomorrow. 11. Tue sun (have) set, we went home.
Ans:-are. Ans:-having.
5. It is I who (be) to blame. Ans:-am . 12. Would that she (come) here today.
6. He hoped that he (get) the first Ans:-could.
prize. Ans:-would get. 13. The ship rested (unmove). Ans:-
7. This house (build) ten years ago. unmoved.
Ans:-was built. 14. Had he not done the work, he
8. I went back to work (close) the (punish) by me. Ans:-punished
door. Ans:-closing.
15. It is high time she (change) her 32. He (strike) me so hard that I feel
habit. Ans:-Changed. down. Ans:-struck.
16. He (be) absent for a week. Ans:- 33. He as well as his friends (be)
selfish. Ans:-is.
has been.
34. He lie down as he was tired. Ans:-
17. He (buy) a car recently. Ans:-has
lay
bought. 35. The river has (overflow) its banks.
18. He talked as if he (know) Ans:-overflowed
everything. Ans:-had known. 36. I can not help (laugh). Ans:-
19. Had I gone to Kuakata, I enjoy the laughing
beauty of nature. Ans:- I could 37. The fruit (taste) sweet. Ans:-
tastes.
have enjoyed.
38. Why he (go) to market yesterday?
20. She came to college (run) . Ans:- Ans:-did he go.
running. 39. Would that I (read) latin. Ans:-
21. She said that Bangladesh (develop) could read.
day by day. Ans:-would take. 40. (show) her in? Ans:- Show.
22. The man (hang) for murder. Ans:- The paitent (die) before the doctor
was hanged. came.
ans: Ther patrient had died before
23. If I had a camera, I (take) a snap.
the doctor came.
Ans:-I would take. 41. Would you mind (help) me now?
24. He (lie) down as he was tired. ans: Would you mind helping me
Ans:-lay now?
25. Why you (not come) home
yesterday? Ans:-did you not
26. I let the other boys (use) it. Ans:- 42. He talks as if he (be) a minister.
ans:He talks as if he wr`re a
use
minister.
27. Last night, the students (tell) to
43. I saw the bird (fly) in the sky.
vacate the hall. Ans:-were told. ans: I. saw the bird flying in the
28. Arabic (speak) in Arab countries. sky.
Ans:-is speak. 44. Get it (do) by him.
29. Air (pollute) in many ways. Ans:- ans:Get it done by him.
is polluted. 45. It (rain) since morning.
ans: It has been raining since
30. At present, he (go) to cinema.
morning.
Ans:- is going
46. Last night the students (tell) to
31. At this moment he (write) a letter.
vacate the hall.
Ans:-is writing.
 ans: Last night the students were 55. It is three years since he (leave) his
told to vacate the hall. village.
47. I went to newmarket with a view ans: It is three years since he left
to (buy) a new shirt. his village.
ans: I went to new market with 56. If I were a magician, I (solve)
view to buying a new shirt. everything.
48. The hen (lay) an egg last night. ans: If I were a magician, I would
ans: The hen laid an egg last night. solve everything.
49. Run fast lest you (miss) the train. 57. I found him (hide) behind the wall.
ans:Run fast least you should miss ans: I found him hiding behind the
the train. wall.
50. The authoress dared no (to drive) 58. Five boys were called but one
at night. (select).
ans: The authoress dared no drive ans: Five boys were called but
at night. selected one.
51. Upama is used to (swim) in the 59. He broke his leg while he (play)
river. football.
ans: Upama is used to swimming ans:He broke his leg while he was
in the river. playing football.
52. I got the work (finish). 60. Had I the wings of a bird, I (fly) in
ans: I got the work finised. the sky.
53. The meeting not (hold) yet. ans: Had I the wings of a brid, I
ans:The meeting has not held yet. would fly in the sky.
54. Walking there miles in two hours 61. I never thought of (go) there.
(be) not difficult at all. ans: I never thought of going
ans: Walking three miles in two there.
hours is no difficult at all.
1. I cannot help (lough)=laughing. 99%
2. Why he (go) to market yesterday?=did.99%
3. I wish I (sing) a Folk song. =sang. (100%)
4. If you wanted I (help) you. = would help. 99%
5. Man (be) mortal. = is (100%)
6. It is high time we (serve) the nation. = Served. (100%)
7. If I had computer, I (type). = would type.
8. He talks as if he (be) a minister. =were.
9. It (rain) sine mooring. = has been. (100%)
10. Run Fast lest you (miss) the train. = should.
11. If I were a magician, I (solve) everything. = Would solve.
12. If I were a king I (help) the poor. = would help. (100%)
13. He recently (join) the club. = has recently.
14. Charity ( be gain) at home. = begins.
15. It is I who (be) to blame. = am(100%)
16. If I (be) you, I would help her. = were. (100%)
17. He (come) home yesterday. = came.
18. He talked as if he (know) everything. = had known. (100%)
19. Five miles (be) a long distance. = is 99%
20. Get the work (do). = done.99%
21. He (be) absent for a week. = has been. (100%)
22. He (buy) a car recently. = is spoken. (100%)
23. I got the work (finish) = Finished.
24. He behaves as if he (be) mad. =had been.
25. English (speak) all over the world. = is spoken(100%)
 09 Correction
Top-10 Importance Rulse.
 gvÎ 10 wU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Rules ‡`qv n‡jv Bbkvjøvn 5 wU Kgb _vK‡e| mv‡_ weMZ mv‡j Avmv cixÿvi
Example ‡`qv n‡jv|
 Rules-01. Preposition Gi mwVK e¨envi ‡_‡K GKwU Avm‡Z cv‡i| A‡bK mgq fzj
Preposition _v‡K ZvB Gi mwVK e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
 wb‡P wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Appropriate preposition ‡`Iqv n‡jv :
 Angry at= e¯‘i Dci ivM|
 Angry with=e¨vw³i Dci ivM A‡_©
e¨envi nq|
 Accused of =Awfhy³
 Charged with= Awfhy³.
 stick to = AUj _vKv .
 Absent from= Abycw¯’Z|
 Open at = wbw`©ó K‡i|
 Lough at= we`ªæc Kiv|
 Admit to/of = AeKvk|
 Key to= PvweKvwV|
 Come of =Rb¥MÖnY Kiv|
 Think about= ‡Kvb wel‡q wPšÍv
Kiv|
 Consists in=wbwnZ
 Example Practice:

 (a). Do not lough with the poor.(Inc.).

 =Do not laugh at the poor. (Corr).
 (b). He was accused for maunder.(Inc.).
 =He was accused of (correct).
 (c).Industry is the key of success.(Inc.).
 =Industry is the key to success.(Corr).
 (d).Happiness consists of contentment .(Inc.).
 =Happiness consists in contentment.(correct).[myL AvZ¡Z…wßi g‡a¨ wbwnZ]|

 Rules-02: wKQz Word ¸‡jvi GKwU _vK‡j Avi GKwU wjL‡Z nq Correction Gi †ÿ‡Î|
‡hgb:G
 Good=======Well.
 Witness======evidence.
 Invention===== Diseconomy.
 Regard===== Consider.
 From hart=====from memory.
 Devoted to===== addicted to.
 Due to======= owing.
 No uses====== no fewer.
 Is= are.
 Have=has.

 Example Practice:
 (a). People regarded him a great leader of the country.
 =People considered him a great leader of the country.
 (b). He gone False witness.(Inc).
 =He gone False evidence.(corro).
 (c).Columbus invented America.
 = Columbus discovered America.
 Rules-03: Senior, junior, prefer, inferior, superior, BZ¨vw`i ci Than bv n‡q To
e‡m| GB¸‡jv Zzjbv A‡_©/GKR‡bi ‡P‡q Zzjbv A‡_© e¨veüZ nq|

 Example Practice:
 (a). He is senior Than me.
 =He is senior To me.(‡m Avgvi †_‡K eo).
 (b).You are junior than me by four years.
 =You are junior to me by four years.(Zzwg Avgvi †_‡K Pvi eQ‡ii †QvU).
 (c). Man is superior than any animal.(Inco).
 = Man is superior to any animal.(gvbyl Ab¨ cÕvYx‡`i Zzjbvq †kÕô).

 Rules-04: Discuss, resembles (m`„k), investigate (Z`šÍ Kiv), violate. (Agvb¨ Kiv).
Describe, Catch, resigned, BZ¨vw` Verb Gi c‡i †Kvb Preposition nqbv|

 Example Practice:
 (a).The girl resembles to her mother (Inco).
 =The girl resembles her mother.(Corre).
 (b). He discussed about the matter.(Inco).
 =He discussed the matter.(Corr). Av‡jvPbv Kiv.
 (c). He resigned from the job.
 =He resigned the job. (‡m PvKwi †_‡K Ae¨nwZ wb‡jv).

 Rules- 05: Prefer Gi ci `ywU Verb _vK‡j `ywU Verb Gi mv‡_ ing nq| A_v©r Verb+ ing
nq Ges gvSLv‡bi Than D‡V wM‡q to e‡m|
 Example Practice:

 (a). I prefer(cQ›`) to read than write.

 = I prefer reading to writing.
 (b). He prefer to sleep than read.
 = He prefer-(cQ›`) sleeping to reading.
 Rules-06: Let Gi ci memgq Objective form n‡e|

 Example Practice:
 (a). Let you and I go there.( Inco).
 = Let you and me go there. (Correct).
 (b). Let you and I go out for a walk.
 = let you and me go out for a walk.

 Rules-07: As though, as if, wish, BZ¨vw`I ci be verb Gi e¨envi Kivi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j
Were em‡e|
 Example Practice:
 (a). He talks as if he is a learned man.
 = He talks as if he were a learned man.
 (b). I wish he was alive.(Inco).
 = I wish he were alive. (Correct).

 Rules-08: It is time/ it is high time Gi c‡i Subject _vK‡j past Indefinite Tense
n‡e, Subject bv _vK‡j infinitive form n‡e|
 Example Practice:
 (a). It is high time we shall stop corruption.
 = It is high time we stopped corruption.
 (b). It is high time we will change our bad habit.
 = It is high time we changed our bad habit.

Rules-9: hw` †Kvb ev‡K¨i g‡a¨:---

 Singular sub+ singular verb singular possessive.

 Many+ plural= Verb plural.
 Many a/an + singular=Verb singular.
  Example Practice:

 (a). Each of the members has submitted their report.

 =Each of the members has submitted his report.
 (b). Many a men were present in the morning.
 =Many a men was present in the morning.
 Or, many men were present in the morning.

 Rules-10: With a view to/look forward to, get used to, be used to/addiction
to, contribute to, prefer to Gi c‡i (Verb+ing) nq|

Example Practice:

(a). I look forward to meet you.

=I look forward to meeting you.

*****K‡qKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wbqg g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e:-

 Cannot but/ could not but _vK‡j (Base verb) n‡e (V1).
 Cannot help/could not help _vK‡j (Verb+ing) n‡e|
 Physics, Ethos, Economics, civics, BZ¨vw` ci Verb Singular nq|

 Give Gi cwie‡Z© hv e‡m:

 Visits - _vK‡j pay.
 Good bye-_vK‡j bade.
 Speech _vK‡j -deliver.
 Good morning _vK‡j- Wish e‡m|
‡hgb: He gave me a visit. =He paid me a visit.
  wb‡P gvÎ 100 wU Example w`jvg GLvb †_‡K GKB wbq‡g 5 wU Kgb cv‡e BbkvAvjøvn;

1. He aims to be a doctor. 28. =Walk fast lest you should miss the
2. =He aims at being a doctor. (Zvi jÿ Wv³vi train.(Lest _vK‡j Should nq)
nIqv) 29. The weather of Cox`s Bazar is healthy.
3. Do not laugh with the poor. 30. =The climate of Cox`s Bazar is healthy.
4. =Do not laugh at the poor.(Mixe‡`i Dcnvm 31. He always tells the truth.(k‡ãi A_©MZ fzj)
Ki bv) 32. =He always speaks the truth.
5. He was accused for murder. 33. Let you and I go there.(Mistakes in
6. =He was accused of murder.(‡m Ly‡bi `v‡q pronoun)
Awfhy³) 34. =Let you and me go there.
7. Industry is the key of success. 35. He is devoted (Abyi³)to smoking.
8. = Industry is the key to success.( cwikÖg 36. =He is addicted to smoking.
mvd‡j¨i PvweKvwV) 37. Good night! How are you?
9. Happiness consists of contentment. 38. =Good evening! How are you?
10. = Happiness consists in contentment.(myL 39. Do you know what does he like?
AvZ¥- Z„wßi wfZi wbwnZ _v‡K) 40. =Do you know what he likes?
11. Attend your work .(Attend at- g‡bvwb‡ek 41. It is high time we shall stop corruption.
Kiv ) 42. =It is high time we stopped corruption.
12. =Attend to your work. 43. Physics are my favorite subject.
13. He is senior than me. 44. =Physics is my favorite subject.
14. = He is senior to me.(‡m Avgvi ‡_‡K eo) 45. He gave me a visit.
46. =He paid me a visit.
15. He is comparatively better today.
47. I wish he was alive.
16. = He is better today.
48. =I wish he were alive.
17. Your letter is to my hand.
49. Many a men were present in the
18. =Your letter is to my hand.
morning.
19. Stay here until I do not come.
50. =Many a man was present in the
Until/unless
morning.
20. =Stay here until I come.
51. I look forward to meet you.
21. He is a famous thief. (k‡ãi A_©MZ fzj)
52. =I look forward to meeting you.
22. =He is a notorious thief.
53. My father has arrived last
23. Do you know who is he?
night.(Mistakes in Right from of verbs).
24. = Do you know who he is?
54. =My father arrived last night.
25. Nazrul is poet of Bangladesh.(Mistakes
55. He did many mistakes.
in Article).
56. =He made many mistakes.
26. =Nazrul is the poet of Bangladesh.
57. Columbus invented America.
27. Walk fast lest you miss the train.
58. =Columbus discovered America.
59. He saw a bad dream. 81. He prepare to read than to write.
60. =He dreamt a bad dream. Ans: Reading to writing.
61. It is I who is to blame. Ans: It is I 82. One should do his duty. Ans: Ones
who am to blame. duty. (100%)
62. Everybody should do their duty. 83. Let you and I go out for a walk.
Ans: his. Ans: me
63. He was hung for murder.Ans: 84. We hanged the picture on the wall.
hanged. Ans: hung.
64. Moli has resigned from her 85. Would you mind to have a cup of
post.Ans: her tea? Ans: having.
65. My brother is taller than me.Ans: I 86. He is ill for their days. Ans: has
66. He instead me to go. Ans: On been.
67. It is high time we work for the 87. Do you know when will he come?
country. Ans: Worked. (v.v.i) Ans: he will come.
68. Do you know where does he live. 88. She insisted me to go there. Ans:
Ans: He lives (v.v.i) On my going there.
69. They game false witness. Ans: 89. He resigned from the post. Ans:
evidence. (v.v.i) the post.
70. Fifty miles are bag distance. Ans: 90. He was accused for murder. Ans:
is(v.v.i) hanged.
71. My Brother is M.A in English. 91. It is I who is to blame. Ans: am
Ans: an (v.v.i) 92. Do you know where does he live?
72. I cannot help to talk. Ans: talking Ans: he lives.
73. You are foolish. Ans: Fool 93. He talks as if he is a learned man.
74. Industry is the key of successs. He were a.
Ans: to 94. He gone me a visit. Ans: He paid
75. The man was charged for murder. me visit. (100%)
Ans: hanged. 95. One of books were lost. Ans: was.
76. She is wiser than I think.(v.v.i) 96. She junior than I. Ans: to me
Ans: 97. He walks fast lest he miss the
77. Everyone was paid ones salary. train. Ans: he should.
Ans: his 98. Don’t give false witness. Ans:
78. Let we to there. Ans: us. evidence.
79. She is lazy weak to speak. Ans: 99. She is very weak to speak. Ans:
too. too.
80. Happiness consists of contentment. 100. Let we go there. Ans: us
Ans: in
 10 Synonyms & Antonyms

 Antonyms A_© wecixZ kã| g~j k‡ãi c~‡e© in, an, dis BZ¨vw` ewm‡q Antonyms ejv nq|
Antonyms MVb Kivi wbqg wZbwU| †hgb:- i) Suffix ii) prefix, iii) New word.
 Suffix: less, ness BZ¨vw` †hvM K‡i (g~j word-Gi mv‡_ cwieZ©b †hvM K‡i|)
‡hgb:-
Careful – careless
Useful – useless
colorful colorless
 Prefix: in, an, dis, un, non, not, mis, anti, im BZ¨vw` †hvM K‡i|

‡hgb:-

Honest – dishonest
Common – uncommon
Educated – uneducated
 New word: bZzb kã (wecixZ kã) e¨envi K‡i|
‡hgb:-
Accept – reject
Old – new
Early Late
Good bad
 *wb‡P wKQz Antonyms ‡`Iqv n‡jv:-
1) Abhor – love: My love to you is 17) Before – after: I go swimming
right. after reading.
2) Abide disobey: He will not 18) Behave – misbehave: Don’t
disobey my order. misbehave with anybody.
3) Able unable: He is unable to do 19) Benefit – disadvantage: I know the
this work. disadvantages of not knowing
4) Absent – Present: Your presence is English.
requested at the meeting. 20) Best –worst: This is the worst pen
5) Accept – reject: The reject the I have ever used.
offer. 21) Blank – full: The river is full to her
6) Achieve loss: She lost her pen. brim.
7) Acme – zero: I rated my chances 22) Bold: timid: He is too timid to
as zero. enter the dark room.
8) Admit confess: He confessed his 23) Bright dull: He is a dull student.
guilt. 24) Broad – narrow: The Street is
9) Admire – defame: the man was narrow.
defamed by his enemies. 25) Busy – idle: He is an idle boy.
10) Agree – disagree: He disagreed 26) Care neglect: We should not
with me on this point. neglect our studies.
11) Antonyms – synonym: Big and 27) Childish –chidlike: She`s very
large are the synonyms words. mature for her age.
12) Arrive departure: I do not know 28) Cease – begin: It begins to rain.
the time criminal. 29) Clean dirty: His mind is dirty.
13) Award – punishment: We gave 30) Clever fool: The girl was a great
him punishment for telling lies. fool.
14) Attentive inattentive: He is
inattentive to his studies.
15) Attack–defend: Try to defend 31) Could hot: I like to take hot tea.
yourself. 32) Comfortable uncomfortable: He
16) Bad good: He is good enough to feels uncomfortable now.
help us.
33) Complete – Incompleted: The 51) Emotional rational: He is very
work is still incomplete. rational in this attitude.
34) Conduct misconduct: He was 52) Essential inessential: All his
expelled for his misconduct. fuss is totally inessential.
35) Continue cease: He ordered his 53) Evil good: Good wins in the
men to cease fire. long run.
36) Damage repair: I have repaired 54) Easier more difficult: This work
my bicycle. is more difficult to do.
37) Dark light: knowledge is light. 55) Expensive Cheap: Food is
38) Decline increase: There is an cheap in this hotel.
increase in the number of the 56) Fast slow: Slow and steady wins
students. the race.
39) Delete insert: Insert your sim. 57) Fail Succeed: He succeeded the
40) Deny – accept: He accepts my throne.
proposal. 58) Fame notoriety: Nobody trust an
41) Different similar: I purchased unfaithful maid servant.
two similar pants. 59) Fat slim: She is slim.
42) Dislike like: She does not like 60) Favorite hated: He is the most
beef-burger. hated person.
43) Discipline – indiscipline: 61) Finally firstly: Firstly, I would
Indiscipline in life is very worse. like to thank you.
44) Distress happiness: Everybody 62) Fit unfit: He is really unfit for
wants happiness in life. the post.
63) Flexible hard: Iron very hard.
45) Down – up: The up train in not
coming. 64) Follow – lead: We must follow
him who knows how to lead.
46) Eager – reluctant: I am reluctant to
65) Fresh stale: The food seems to
go there.
be stable.
47) Easy hard: It is a hard task to do.
48) Efficient inefficient: He is an
inefficient officer.
49) Empty full: The glass is full of 66) Good – bad: He is bad boy.
water. 67) Gentle rude: His behavior was
50) Enmity: amity: Everywhere amity rude.
is impossible.
68) Grateful ungrateful: Jerry was 86) Issue start : He`s just started a
not ungrateful to the authoress. new job.
69) Green ripe: Ripe mangos taste 87) Jeer applaud: Let us applaud the
sweet. singer.
70) Guilty Innocent: The boy is 88) Joy sadness: We should avoid
innocent. sadness in our life.
71) Hate love: Love is divine. 89) Justice – injustice: Don’t do

72) Happy unhappy: You are very injustice to your servants.

unhappy. 90) Keen indifferent: She is
73) High –low : She came of low indifferent to life.
family. 91) knot unite: you Should try to
74) Hopeful – Hopeless: Me became unite the knot.
hapless about passing the 92) Knowledge ignorance: Ignorance
examination. can ruin a person.
75) Handy clumsy: No one likes a 93) Lame Healthy: Mr. Rahim is a
clumsy boy. healthy man.
76) Horrible present: Please try to be 94) Large small: I have a small
pleasant to our guests. reading room.
77) Humble arrogant: He is arrogant. 95) Life death: Accidents cause
78) Hope dishonest: Dishonest many deaths.
people can do much harms. 96) Little big: I need a big amount
79) Help Harm: Smoking harms our of money for the function.
health. 97) Majority minority: The minority
80) Hazy Clear: The news is very of our population are of different
clear to understand. castes.
81) Increase decrease: The price of 98) Maximum minimum: I did notice
wheat has decrease to some extent. minimum modesty in him.
82) Ignore notice: He dis not notice 99) Merit dullness: He cannot puss
it. for his dullness.
83) Idle active: He is very active. 100) Misery –joy: Her joy knows no

84) Illegal legal: What you are bounds.

saying is nut legal. 101) Mistake right: He is always right
85) Illusion –reality: The film has no in writing.
reality.
102) Mortal immortal: Man is no 117) Possible – Impossible: It is
immortal. absolutely impossible for me to
103) Neutral partial: this is a partial lend you my car.
view of the matter. 118) Power – weakness: I know his
104) New old: He gave the beggar on weakness.
old shirt to put on. 119) Pretty ugly: She is ugly to look
105) Nadir – zenith: He reached the at.
zenith of his success. 120) Promote – impede: work on the

106) Narrow – broad : He is tall and building was impeded by severe

broad. weather.
107) Nutritious – Poor: We should not 121) Pure Impure: Don’t drink
eat poor food. impure water.
108) Obey – disobey: No one should 122) Public – private: I have some

disobey their teachers. private property.

109) Offensive defensive: The role of 123) Quick – Slow: Slow and steady

Iran is defensive against America. wins the care.

110) Oral – Written: His written 124) Quite – partially: She is partially

statement was clear. wrong.

111) Optimist pessimist: He is a 125) Reject accept: She should accept
pessimist. the proposal.
112) Open – close: Please close the 126) Rare available: The Royal
door. Bengal Tigers are not available in
113) Pain Comfort: He likes a life of Europe.
peace and comfort. 127) Reduce – Increase: Our population

114) Pardon punish: He was punished is increasing day by day.

for refusing to answer their 128) Regular – irregular: She is
questions. irregular in attending her classes.
115) Perfect Imperfect: His answer is 129) Resist –assist: I am no train a
imperfect in this regard. position to assist him.
116) Pollution purification: Tress are 130) Round flat: The top of the hill is
important for environment flat.
purification. 131) Rude polite: He is a liberal
person.
132) Sacred – secular: We live in our 147) Urban rural: Rural people work
modern secular society. hard.
133) Sad happy: I am happy with my 148) utter recall: The regiment was
success. recalled.
134) Sorrow happiness: A mother 149) Vital unimportant: We should
always prays for the happiness of avoid unimportant things.
her child. 150) Vice blessing: We pray to God
135) Sharp –blunt: Can you cut the for his blessing.
apple with this blunt knife. 151) Virtuous sinful: He leads a
136) sincere Insincere : A student sinful life.
should not be insincere in his 152) Wastage conservation: Energy
students. conservation reduces your fuel
137) Success Failure: Failure is the bills.
pillar of success. 153) War Peace: Everybody wants
138) Stupid Wise: He was a wish peace.
philosopher. 154) Weak strong: The boy is very
139) Solvent insolvent: A farmer is strong.
insolvent 155) Worst best: She is my best
140) Tie unite: Please unite the knot. friend.
156) Welcome unwelcome: She lived
141) Tragic –comic: It is a comic event.

142) Talkative reticent: the girl is in an unwelcome world.

157) Win lose: Sit down or you will
reticent.
143) Torment peace: There is peace in lose your room.
158) Young old: An old man should
my mind.
be respected.
144) Trust –distrust: Never distrust your
159) Zeal apathy: Jmail was apathy to
friends.
misc.
145) Ugly –beautiful: The bird is very
160) Zigzag – straight: The road is
beautiful.
straight here.
146) Unknown – known: She is well

known to me.
 *** wb‡P gvÎ 60 wU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Antonyms” ‡`qv n‡jv 3 wU Avm‡e :

15. Enmity (kÎæZv)-friendship: I

01. Ancient (cÖvPxb) –modern: The
believe in friendship to all.
modern age is different from the
ancient age.
02. Artificial (bKj)-natural: The
16. Failure (e¨_©Zv)- Success: The
village people lead a natural life.
03. Attack –defend/save: Our duty is secret: the secret of success lies in
to defened our country. the proper use to time.
04. Authentic(LvwU/weï×)-inauthentic: 17. Fake (ev‡R)-genuine: The gold of
This letter is inauthentic. the ring is not genuine.
05. Barren (Abye©i)-fertile: The lan of 18. Fertile (De©i)-Barren: This field is
Bangladesh in fertile. barren.
06. Brave (mvnmx)-timid: I was too timid 19. Flexible (bgbxq)-rigied: He is much
to yield. rigid in nature.
07. Busy(e¨¯Í)-free: As I am free now, I 20. Hate(N„Yv)-Love: I love my country
can talk to you. very much.
08. Carefully-Carelessy: She was 21. Hostile (kÎæfvevcbœ) friendly : Our
driving carelessly. principal is very friendly to us.
09. Comparable (Zzjbxq)-incomparable: 22. Humility (bx¤œve¯’Zv/Acgvb)-pride:
Mothers love is incomparable. We should not take pride in our
10. Compulsory (eva¨Zvg~jK)-optional: wealth.
Civis is my optional subject. 23. Ignorance (AÁZv): Literacy:
11. Dark (Kv‡jv)-bright : Day light is Literacy is a boon to a nation.
bright. 24. Industrous (cwikÖgx)-Lazy/idle: He
12. Delete (gy‡Q †djv)-insert: I inserted was not stupid, but lazy.
his name to my phonebook. 25. Innocent (wb‡`©vl) –guilty : He was
13. Empty (Lvwj) replete: The sea is proved to be guilty.
replete with various plants and 26. Issue-solution: lets find out the
animals. solution.
27. Knowledge(Ávb)-ignorance: Ignorance
14. Evil (Lvivc) good: Mr.Jhon is a
gives rise to many evils.
good person.
28. Light(Av‡jv)-Dark: The place in dark and 45. Truth (mZ¨)-falsehood: What you say is
dreary. full of falsehood.
29. Like (cQ›`)-dislike: He dislike me. 46. Deep(Mfxi)-Shallow: A deep tubewell is
30. Mode-outdated-Our Principal is more helpful than a shallow one.
outdated. 47. Happy (myLx)-unhappy: The poor are
31. Neutral (wbi‡cÿ)-partial: We should not allaways unhappy.
read partial newspaper. 48. Hostile(cÖwZK~j)-Friendly:He is friendly
32. Notorious (KzL¨vZ)-famous: Mr. Jony is a towards you.
famous teacher. 49. Absent (Abycw¯’Z)-present: He is friendly
33. Nutrition –Malnutriton: Many people towards you.
suffer form malnutrition. 50. Ugly(Amy›`i)-beautiful: Our country is
34. Oppose(we‡ivwaZv):-Suppot: I would beautiful.
support changing this law. 51. Urban (kn‡i)-Rural: Rural environment
35. Polite-impolite: The boy is impolite. is healthy.
36. Reckless (‡ec‡ivqv)- careful: He is careful 52. Hard (KwVb)-soft: She had a soft heart.
while driving. 53. Victory (weRq)-defeat: The Pakistanis
37. Regular (wbqwgZ)-irregular: Mr Rock is an courted defeat in 1971.
irreligious man. 54. Mortal (giYkxj)-immortal: Man is not
38. Remember(¯§iY Kiv)-forget: I shall never immortal.
forget you. 55. Cancel(evwZj)-Confirm: None is
39. Rich (abx)-poor- The poor are happy. incapable for doing hard word.
40. Sick(Amy¯’)-healthy: He is healthy. 56. Cheap(m¯Ív)-costly: The car is costly.
41. Small(‡QvU)-big: He lives in a big town. 57. Stop(eÜ)-Start: Whaen did the war start?
42. Strong (k³)-Weak: I am to weak to 58. Confirm(wbwðZ Kiv)-refute: I refuted all
walk. his arguments.
43. Tie (evav)-untie: Unite your tie and feel 59. Bless(Avk©xev`)-Curse: Curse The
comfortable. terrorists.
44. Trust (wek¦vm Kiv) –doubt: She had no 60. Worng(fyj)-right: You answer is right.
reason to doubt me.
 SYNOYMS & ANTONYMS:

Word A_© Synonyms Antonyms

Amity ‡mŠnv`¨© Harmony, Hostility

Friendship
Animosity wnsmv Hostility, Harmony
Antagonism
Abortive e¨_©¨ Bungled, Productive
Unsuccessful
Abate cÖkwgZ Relive, Alleviate Amplify

Able mÿg Capable, Inept,

Talented
Adequate ch©vß Competent, Inept
Sufficient
Agile Zrci Alert, Active Brittle

Accuse Awfhy³ Kiv| Blame Applaud

Abolish evwZj Kiv| Repel Validate

Apathy J`vmxb¨ Indifference Concern

Aggravate DZ³¨ Ki| Annoy, Provoke Calm

Abundant cÖPzi| Ample Insufficient

Ambiguous Ø_©¨K Vague, Obscure Determined

Arrogant AnsKvix Conceited. Humble

pompous
Adverse cÖwZK~j Unfavorable Auspicious

Alluring ‡jvfbxq Attractive Abhorrent

Ambiguous AwbwðZ Vague, Equivocal Clear

Adept cvi`k©x Expert, Awkward

Proficient
 Anarchy ‰bivR¨| Havoc, Turmoil Peace

Aristocrat AwfRvZ| Blue Blood, Commoner

noble
Amicable AgvwqK Friendly, sociable Antagonistic

Brittle f½yi Fragile Stable

Bankrupt ‡`Dwjqv Insolvent Solvent

Bias cÿcvZ Partiality Equality

Barren Abye©i Unfruitful Prolific

Belittle Zz”QZvw”Qj¨ Despise Glorify

Bureaucrat Avgjv Administrator Ad-hoc

Colossal Wekvj Gigantic Minute

Copious cÖPzi Abundant Meager

Crisis ms¼U Dilemma Advantage

Callous wbg©g Cruel Sympathetic

Clarify weï× Kiv Elucidate Merciful

Criticize wb›`v Kiv Belittle Admire

Discord gZ‡f` Dispute Harmony

Disperse wewÿß Kiv Scatter Accumulate

Durable gReyZ Stable Temporary

Dilemma Dfqm¼U Difficultly Benefit

Decay Ÿq Downfall Growth

Diminish Kgv‡bv Reduce Mobilize

Diligent cwikÖgx Active Lazy

 Dispute weev` Argument Agree

Deny A¯^xKvi Kiv Refuge Notice

Exaggeration AZz¨w³ Fantasy Truth

Egoistic ¯^v_©ci Selfish Benevolent

Emigrant ‡`kvšÍix| Migrant Non-Immigrant

Enmity N„Yv Malice Amity

Equivocal m‡›`nRbK Ambiguous Certain

 Word A_© Synonyms Antonyms

Fragile ÿY¯’vqx Feeble Able

Flatter ‡Zvlv‡gv` Overpraise Belittle

Flexible bgbxq Meticulous Wasteful

Fertile De©i Soft Rigid

Frugal wgZ¨eqx Productive Barren

Gullible AwZmij Foolish Astute

Gentle AgvwqK Affable Rude

Hostile kÎæZvc~Y© Bitter Friendly

Humble b¤ª Modest Impolite

Harmony HKZvb Cooperation Confect

Hazard SzwK Risk Safety

Immense cÖKvÐ Vast, Minute

Colossal
Illicit A‰ea Unlawful Significant

Irrelevant AcÖvmw½K In Legal

signification
Instigated D‡ËwRZ Excite Discourage

Interrupt e¨NvZ Interfere Accumulate

Inept A`ÿ Unskilled Dextrose

Inimical kÎæfvevcbœ Hostile Friendly

Loyalty AvbyMZ¨ Devotion Disloyalty

Lucid D¾¡j Limpid Ambiguous

Ligula franca mvaviY Dialect

fvlv
 Malice ‡Øl Animosity Friendship

Massive e„n`vqZb Colossal Teeny

Mitigate cÖkwgZ Sooth Agitate

Kiv
Numerous cÖPzi Many Few

Optimistic Avkvev`x Confident Pessimistic

Obdurate GK¸‡q Obstinate Submissive

Panacea me©‡iv‡Mi Cure-all

Jlya
Prohibit wb‡la Kiv Constrain Assist