TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES – VISAYAS

Talisay City, Negros Occidental

College of Engineering Technology

Experiment No. 2

Common Laboratory Apparatus

OBJECTIVES:
1. Identify common laboratory apparatus and understand their uses.
2. Demonstrate safety in the use of common laboratory apparatus.
3. Familiarize the different laboratory apparatus and their features and complexity.
4. Able to know how to use them properly. Using the right apparatus for the right job.

MATERIALS AND APPARATUS:

Pencil
Common Laboratory Apparatus for display

PROCEDURE:

1. The instructor will explain and demonstrate common laboratory apparatus as displayed.
2. After the demonstration and explanation of the uses of common laboratory apparatus, the
students will sketch or draw the apparatus in the box provided.

Laboratory Apparatus Description Drawing

1. Beaker

A beaker is a common container in most labs. It is

used for mixing, stirring, and heating chemicals. Most
beakers have spouts on their rims to aid in pouring. They
also commonly have lips around their rims and markings
to measure the volume they contain, although they are
not a precise way to measure liquids. Beakers come in a
wide range of sizes

2. Bunsen Burner

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 A Bunsen burner is a mechanical apparatus that is connected to a flammable gas source. There is
a knob to adjust the amount of gas flow and a rotating collar that controls airflow. These both must be
adjusted to get an ideal flame for heating purposes. The burner is lit with a striker.
Utmost safety is required when using a Bunsen burner.

3. Burette/Buret

A buret is a glass tube that is open at the top and

comes to a narrow pointed opening at the bottom. Right
above the bottom opening is a stopcock that can be turned
to control the amount of liquid being released. There are
markings along the length of the tube that indicate the
volume of liquid present.
A buret is used for extremely accurate addition of
liquid. By adjusting the stopcock, the amount of liquid that is released can be slowed to a drop every few
seconds. Burets are one of the most accurate tools in the lab

4. Capillary Tube

A capillary tube is just a REALLY thin tube.

(Usually about 1/2 mm across on the inside.) They can be
made out of glass, plastic, metal, etc. Glass capillary tubes
are probably the most common and are frequently used by
biologists and chemists because you can use them for
experiments where you only have a very small sample to
work with.

5. Cylinder, Graduated

The graduated cylinder is used

for measuring volumes (amounts) of liquids. This piece of
equipment is used routinely, although it is only moderately
accurate compared to other tools, such as volumetric
flasks.

6. Cylinder, Hydrometer

A cylinder for Hydrometer is a glass or plastic

cylinder use for holding hydrometers.

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7. Clamp, Utility

A utility clamp is a laboratory apparatus

resembling a pair of scissors. The screw in the middle
works as the wide adjustment of 2-prong. It is composed
of 3 parts: 2-prong adjust, metal rod, and clamp down
(attach the clamp to the ring stand for adjust the height).
This apparatus is connected to a ring stand or retort stand.
It is used to hold round laboratory glassware, such as
a beaker, and flasks, etc. This type of clamp is made
from stainless steel.

8. Clay Triangle

A clay triangle is a wire and ceramic triangle

used to support a crucible while it is heated over
a Bunsen burner

9. Crucible (Porcelain)

A crucible is a small clay cup made of a material

that can withstand extreme temperatures. They are used
for heating substances.

10. Desiccator

A desiccator is an airtight container which

maintains an atmosphere of low humidity through the
use of a suitable drying agent which occupies the bottom
part of the desiccator. It is used both for the cooling of
heated objects and for the storage of dry objects that
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must not be exposed to the moisture normally present in the atmosphere.

11. Dish, Evaporating

Evaporating dishes are used to evaporate excess

solvents – most commonly water – to produce a
concentrated solution or a solid precipitate of the dissolved
substance. Most are made of porcelain or borosilicate
glass.

12. Dish, Petri

A petri dish is a shallow round dish which is

used to grow culture of different organisms. It has its own
importance in the field of biology.

13. Dropper

These are small glass or plastic tubes with narrow

tips on one end and a rubber bulb on the other. They suck
up liquid that can then be squeezed out in small drops.

14. Flask, Distilling

Distilling flask is - a glass usually round-bottomed

flask for holding a substance to be distilled.

15. Flask, Erlenmeyer

Also known as a conical flask, the Erlenmeyer

flask was named after its inventor in 1861. It has a narrow
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neck and expands toward its base. This allows easy mixing and swirling of the flask without too much
risk of spilling. The narrow opening also allows for the use of a rubber or glass stopper. It can easily be
clamped to a ring stand (discussed below) as well as heated or shaken mechanically.
Once again, the marks on the side are meant primarily for estimation rather than precision.

16. Flask, Florence

Also known as a boiling flask, the Florence flask

has a round bottom and a long neck. It is used to hold
liquids and can be easily swirled and heated. It can also
easily be capped by rubber or glass stoppers.

17. Flask, Volumetric

A volumetric flask is a round flask with a long

neck and flat bottom. It is used to measure an exact
volume of liquid. There is a small line on the neck that
indicates how far to fill the bottle (use the bottom of the
meniscus). They come with special caps that will not let
anything in or out.
Remember that temperature affects volume;
therefore avoid using liquids that will fluctuate in
temperature (hot water that will cool, for example).

18. Funnel

Funnel is used to channel liquids or fine-grained

substances into containers with a small opening. Used for
pouring liquids or powder through a small opening and for
holding the filter paper in filtration. Used in transferring
liquids in small containers.
19. Mortar and Pestle

Mortar and pestle are implements used since

ancient times to prepare ingredients or substances by
crushing and grinding them into a fine paste or powder in
the kitchen, laboratory, and pharmacy.
The mortar (/ˈmɔːrtər/) is a bowl, typically made of hard
wood, metal, ceramic, or hard stone, such as granite.

20. Pipet/Pipette, Measuring

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 There are a large variety of pipettes designed to accomplish specific goals. However, they are all
for measuring an exact volume of liquid and placing it into another container.

21. Pipet/Pipette, Transfer

Transfer or Volumetric pipets are designed to

transfer a specific, predetermined volume of liquid. They
resemble simple glass tubes and cannot be used to
accurately measure liquid amounts less than their specified
capacity.

22. Pipet
Bulb or Pipettor

Pipet bulbs are used in chemistry laboratories, by

placing them on top of a glass or plastic tube. It serves as a
vacuum source for filling reagents through
a pipette or and also help control the flow of liquid from
the dropping bottle.

23. Rack, Funnel

Funnel racks are designed to hold utility, powder,

separatory and other types of funnels during their use.
These racks may sit on the benchtop, be wall-mounted or
clamped to vertical rods or lattice systems. Funnel
racks may have single or multiple places for the funnels,
and can be made from wood, metal, or plastic.

24. Rack, Test Tube

Test tube racks are laboratory equipment used to

hold upright multiple test tubes at the same time. They are
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most commonly used when various different solutions are needed to work with simultaneously, for
safety reasons, for safe storage of test tubes, and to ease the transport of multiple tubes.

25. Ring Stand & Iron Ring

The ring stand is used to suspend burets, beakers,

flasks, crucibles, etc. above other containers or, in some
cases, a heat source (such as a Bunsen burner, etc.)

26. Rod, Stirring or Glass

A stirring rod is used for mixing liquid. ... Stir

rods are used as part of proper laboratory technique when
decanting supernatants because the contact helps to negate
the adhesion between the side of the glassware and the
supernatant that is responsible for the liquid running down
the side.

27. Spatula

Spatulas and scoopulas are for scooping solid

chemicals. They are typically used to scoop a chemical out
of its original container onto a weigh boat so that it can be
weighed on a balance.

28. Stopper (Cork/Rubber)

A rubber stopper is a small, tapered plug used to

seal the openings of test tubes, flasks and other laboratory
glassware. Stoppers made of cork are also available for
this purpose. However, rubber stoppers are preferable for
applications that require a tighter seal or a greater degree
of chemical resistance.

29. Test
Tube
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 A test tube is a clear glass or plastic container that is much longer than it is wide, commonly has
a U-shaped bottom, and has an open top. Test tubes are used to hold, mix, and heat chemical
experiments.

30. Test Tube Holder

A test tube holder is used to hold test tubes. It is

used for holding a test tube in place when the tube is hot or
should not be touched. For example, a test tube holder can
be used to hold a test tube while it is being heated

31. Thermometer, Mercury

Thermometers measure temperatures in

degrees, according to either the Celsius or Fahrenheit
system
32. Tong, Crucible

Tongs
and forceps are for grabbing things that should not be
touched by hand. Some tongs are specially made to hold
beakers, others to hold test tubes, and so on. There are
also general tongs.

33. Tong, Beaker

Tongs and forceps are for grabbing things that

should not be touched by hand. Some tongs are specially
made to hold beakers, others to hold test tubes, and so on.
There are also general tongs.

34. Triangular File

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 The triangular file is used to smooth things.

35. Triple Beam Balance

The triple beam balance is used to measure masses

very precisely; the reading error is 0.05 gram. With the pan
empty, move the three sliders on the three beams to their
leftmost positions, so that the balance reads zero.

36. Wash Bottle

Wash bottle. To clean laboratory glassware and

other equipment. They are filled with appropriate cleaning
liquids, and poured over the tool that needs to be cleaned.
A wash bottle is a squeeze bottle with a nozzle, used to rinse
various pieces of laboratory glassware, such as test tubes
and round bottom flasks.

37. Watch Glass

A watch glass is just a round piece of glass that is

slightly concave/convex (think of a lens). It can hold a small
amount of liquid or solid. They can be used for evaporation
purposes and also can function as a lid for a beaker. Can
hold objects/substances during weighing.

38. Wing Top/Flame Spreader/Fish Tail

A wing top is an accessory that can be used with a

Bunsen burner to provide a broad flat fan flame, similar to
that of a fishtail burner. It is often used to bend glass as it
spread out the heat over a larger area, making it more
uniform.

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39. Wire Gauze

A Wire gauze is a sheet of thin metal that has net-like

crosses or a wire mesh. The purpose of wire gauze is to be
placed on the support ring that is attached to the ring stand
between the Bunsen burner and the beakers to support the
beakers or other glassware or flasks during heating.