Scribd
Upload
2 views

Physics Practical

The document outlines various physics experiments involving measurement and principles such as the Vernier calipers, screw gauge, principle of moments, concurrent forces, Hooke's law, resonance column, Ohm's law, and properties of lenses and mirrors. Each section provides formulas, observations, calculations, and results related to the respective experiments. The focus is on determining dimensions, volumes, and constants through practical applications of physical laws.

Uploaded by

adheenasnair2007
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

Physics Practical

The document outlines various physics experiments involving measurement and principles such as the Vernier calipers, screw gauge, principle of moments, concurrent forces, Hooke's law, resonance column, Ohm's law, and properties of lenses and mirrors. Each section provides formulas, observations, calculations, and results related to the respective experiments. The focus is on determining dimensions, volumes, and constants through practical applications of physical laws.

Uploaded by

adheenasnair2007
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

1.

THE VERNIER CALLIPERS

Principle

Total reading = MSR + (VSR X LC)


MSR = Main Scale Reading
VSR = Vernier Scale Reading

where r – radius of sphere

OR

OBSERVATIONS &CALCULATIONS

Magnitude of one main scale division MSD =0.1 cm


Number of divisions on vernier scale n = 10
RESULT
1. Dimensions of sphere
a) Radius =…………….. m
2. Volume of sphere = ………………. m 3

OR

1. Dimensions of cylinder
a) Length = ……………. m
b) Radius = ……………. m
2. Volume of cylinder =………………………. m 3
2. SCREW GAUGE

Principle:

Total reading = PSR + (corrected HSR x LC )


where PSR – Pitch Scale Reading
HSR – Head Scale Reading

Volume of the wire = π r 2l

where r – radius of the wire


l – length of the wire

OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS


Distance moved for 6 rotations = ………6………mm
Pitch = Distance moved = ………1…….mm
No. of rotations

No. of divisions on the head scale = 100


Least Count (LC) = P = 1 = 0.01 mm
n 100

Zero coincidence of given screw gauge =…………………


Zero Correction =……………….divisions

Diameter of the wire, d =……………mm =…………….. ×10 −3 𝑚


Radius of the wire, r =……………mm =…………….. ×10 −3 𝑚
Length of the wire, 𝑙 =……………cm =…………….. ×10 −2 𝑚
Volume of the Wire, V = π r 2l =…………………………𝑚3

Result
i) Diameter of the wire =…………………………………….…..m
ii) Volume of the Wire =…………………………………………𝑚 3
3. PRINCIPLE OF MOMENT

Principle:

If two mass suspended on a horizontal meter scale suspended at Center of Gravity.

m 1r 1 = m 2 r 2

m 2 = m 1r 1
r2
Where m 1 - the known mass

r 1 - the distance between center of gravity and known mass.

r 2 - the distance between center of gravity and unknown mass.

Mean m 2 = ……….…..g
= …....……x 10-3 kg
RESULT

Mass of the given body = …………x 10-3 kg


4.CONCURRENT FORCES

Principle

Using parallelogram law of vectors


Weight of the body = OD x scale chosen
where OD is the length of the diagonal
Scale chosen: 1 cm = 50 gm

The weight of the given body = ………..gmwt………….. x10 -3kgwt

Result:
The weight of the given body by measuring the length of the diagonal
= .....x10-3kgwt
5. HELICAL SPRING

Principle:

According to Hookes law,


for a spring, load is directly proportional to extension produced.
Therefore

where m - the mass producing the extension l


g – acceleration due to gravity

OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS

Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8 m/s 2


Dead load W 0 = ……….. gm
Scale reading for W 0 , r 0 = ……………. cm

Result:

The spring constant of the given helical spring by load – extension method
= .............N/m
6.Resonance Column

Principle:

velocity of sound in air at room temperature is given by


v t = 2𝑛 ( 𝑙 2 − 𝑙 1 )

𝑙 1 - first resonating lengths


𝑙 2 - second resonating lengths
n - frequency of the tuning fork

Resonance occurs when frequency of the tuning fork becomes equal to the
frequency of the stationary waves produced inside the resonance column
7. OHM’S LAW
Principle:

E – cell,
Rh – rheostat,
A- ammeter,
V - voltmeter
R – resistance wire,
K - key
Ohm’s law states that at constant temperature, the current (I)flowing in a conductor
is directly proportional to the potential difference (V) between its ends.
VαI
V=IR

where R is the resistance of the conductor


The graph between current I along x axis and
voltage V along y axis will be a straight line. Then I->

Result:
(1) V/I is a constant. Hence Ohm’s law is verified.
(2) The resistance of the given wire
(i) by calculation = ……. ohm
(ii) from V-I graph = …….ohm
(3) Conductance = ........ohm-1
8.P N JUNCTION DIODE
Principle:
In forward bias, a pn junction diode conducts current when the applied voltage is
greater than the barrier potential.
9. CONVEX LENS

Principle:
In distant object method,
f = distance between the lens and screen ( when the object is at infinity)
In u – v method

u – object distance
v – image distance
f – focal length
power p = 1/f D

Result:
The focal length of the given convex lens by
(i) distant object method = …….. x10-2 m
(ii) u – v method = ………x10-2 m
(iii) Power = ....... D
10.CONCAVE LENS
Principle:

using u – v method, the focal length of a lens is given by

u – object distance
v – image distance
f – focal length
The focal length of the concave lens is given by
F - the focal length of the combination of
convex lens and concave lens
𝑓 1 - the focal length of the convex lens

Result:
The focal length of the given concave lens = …………… x10-2 m
11. CONCAVE MIRROR
Principle:
In distant object method,
f = distance between the concave mirror and screen (when the object is at infinity)
In Normal reflection method
f = R/2
In u – v method

u – object distance
v – image distance
f – focal length

Result:
The focal length of the given concave mirror by
(i) distant object method = …….. m
(ii) Normal Reflection Method = .......... m
(iii) u – v method = ……… m

You might also like