MARKING SCHEME

Secondary School Examination, 2024

SCIENCE (Subject Code–086)
[ Paper Code: 31/3/1]
Maximum Marks: 80
Q. EXPECTED ANSWER / VALUE POINTS Marks Total
No.
Marks
SECTION A

1 (A) / Quick lime 1 1

2 (B) / Turmeric and litmus 1 1
3 (A) / Washing Soda 1 1
4 (B) 1 1
5 (A) / 1, 6, 2 and 3 1 1
6 (B) / C7 H14 1 1
7 (B) / CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 1 1
8 (D) / Cytokinins 1 1
9 (C) / Petals only 1 1
10 (C) / 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 1 1
11 (C) / (b) and (c) 1 1
12 (A) / Tt and Tt 1 1
13 (D) / Dispersion, refraction and internal reflection 1 1
14 (D) / 4D and 2L 1 1
15 (A) / 2 trophic levels 1 1
16 (B) / (a) and (c) 1 1
17 (C) / Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false 1 1
18 (A) / Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the 1 1
correct explanation of Assertion (A)
19 (C) / Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false 1 1
20 (B) / Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not 1 1
the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
SECTION B
21 • 2 Mg + O2 → 2 MgO ½
• Magnesium oxide ½
• Type – Combination reaction ½
• Reason : Two or more substances combine to form a single product .
½
2
22 • Synthesized at shoot tip/root tip ½
• When light falls on one side of the plant, auxin diffuses towards the
shady side of shoot. The concentration of auxin stimulates the cells to 1½
grow longer on the side of shoot which is away from light. Thus plant
appears bent towards light/phototropism. 2

X SCIENCE 31/3/1 PAGE 3

23 (a) 2 visible characters of garden pea plants are :

• Tallness (dominant) , Dwarfness (recessive) ½+½

• Yellow seeds (dominant) , Green seeds (recessive) ½+½

(Any other pair)

OR
(b)

½
½ 2
24 • When he cannot see nearby objects distinctly but can see far ½
object clearly.
• 2 causes:
Focal length of the eye lens is too long. ½
Eyeball becomes too small. ½
• Convex or Converging lens ½ 2

25 (a)

Fig.12.6(a) on page 199-NCERT

Diagram: 1
Directions of current and magnetic field: ½+½

X SCIENCE 31/3/1 PAGE 4

 OR

(b)
• Permanent magnet / Current carrying solenoid/ Electromagnet ½
•

Fig-12.11, page no.201-NCERT

Diagram: 1 2
Labelling: ½
26 • Decomposers are the microorganisms that break-down the complex 1
organic substances into simple inorganic substances.

Consequences :

(i) No replenishment of soil

(ii) Foul smell
(iii) Breeding of flies
(iv) Accumulation of dead plants and animals in the ½+½
environment.
(v) No recycling of nutrients

(Any two or any other ) 2

SECTION C

27 (a) Amphoteric oxide (zinc oxide) reacts with acids as well as bases to 1
produce salt and water.

(b) If kept in open, sodium metal reacts vigorously with air and catches 1
fire / kerosene oil does not allow sodium to come in contact with air and
catch fire.

(c) Nitric acid is a strong oxidising agent. It oxidises the hydrogen

produced in the reaction to water. 1 3

28 (a)
(i) Reduction Process- Roasting ½

X SCIENCE 31/3/1 PAGE 5

 Reason- Mercury has low reactivity. ½

(ii) Reduction Process- Roasting ½

Reason- Copper has low reactivity. ½

(iii) Reduction Process- Electrolytic Reduction. ½

Reason- Sodium has high reactivity ½
.
OR
(b)
(i) Change in appearance - White to black colour.
Reason- Silver sulphide is formed. ½+½

(ii) Change in appearance – Reddish brown to green colour.

Reason- Basic Copper Carbonate is formed. ½+½

(iii) Change in appearance- Grey to brown colour.

Reason- Rust (iron oxide) is formed. ½+½
3
29 When water is lost through stomata in the leaves by transpiration, it creates 1+1+1
a suction force/transpiration pull, due to which water is pulled up through
xylem of the roots to the leaves. 3

30 (a) Constituents:- Brain and Spinal cord. ½+½

Protection:- Brain – Bony box/in skull/Cranium/fluid filled balloon. ½

Spinal Cord – Vertebral column. ½

(b) Limitations :

(i) They will reach only those cells that are connected by nervous tissue, ½
not each and every cell in the animal body.
(ii) Once an electrical impulse is generated in a cell and transmitted, the ½
cell will take some time to reset its mechanisms before it can generate and
transmit a new impulse.
(Any other) 3

31 • Scattering of light / Tyndall effect 1

• When a beam of light strikes fine particles of smoke, it is reflected 1

diffusely and the path of the light becomes visible.

• Very fine particles scatter mainly blue light/short wavelength colours 1

while the particles of larger size scatter longer wavelength colours. 3
32 • It prevents damage to the appliances and the electrical circuit from 1
overloading and short circuiting.

X SCIENCE 31/3/1 PAGE 6

 •
Here P = 3 kW = 3000 W, V = 220 V, I = ?

P=VI ½

P 3000 𝑊 1
I= = = 13·63 A
V 220 𝑉

13·63 A > Rating of fuse 5 A, therefore fuse wire will melt and break the ½
circuit. 3

33 (a) Ohm’s Law − The potential difference, V, across the ends of a given 1
metallic wire in an electric circuit is directly proportional to the current
flowing through it, provided its temperature remains the same.

1 1 1 1
Formula :- = + + 1
Rp R1 R 2 R 3

𝑅 3𝑅
(b) R+ =
2 2 1 3

SECTION D

34 (a) (i)
(1) Solution B
(2) Solution C
(3) Solution A
(4) Solution D ½x5
(5) Solution E

Increasing Order of H+ ion concentration :– C < E < D < A < B ½

(ii) (1) Acidic salt : Ammonium chloride; NH4Cl ½

Parent Acid-Hydrochloric acid /HCl ½
Parent Base- Ammonium hydroxide/(NH4OH)

(2) Basic salt : Sodium Carbonate; Na2CO3 ½

Parent Acid-Carbonic acid / H2CO3
Parent Base- Sodium hydroxide/ NaOH ½
( Or Any other)

X SCIENCE 31/3/1 PAGE 7

 OR
(b) Chlor – alkali process; 1
• When electricity is passed through NaCl (aq) it decomposes to
form sodium hydroxide / 2NaCl + 2H2O → 2NaOH+Cl2+H2 ½

• X – Cl2 gas – at anode ½+ ½

• Y – H2 gas – at cathode ½+½
(award marks if explained by diagram)

• Z – Bleaching powder / CaOCl2 / Calcium Oxychloride

½
• Ca(OH)2 + Cl2 ⎯⎯
→ CaOCl2 + H2O 1 5
(Bleaching powder)

35 (a)
(i) • Spores are reproductive structures that detach from the parent and ½
give rise to a new individual.

• Sporangium / Sporangia ½

• Covered by thick walls to protect them from unfavourable ½

conditions.
½
• Rhizopus

(ii)
• Plants which have lost the capacity to produce seeds.
• Plants bear flowers and fruits earlier so as to reduce
time.
1+1
• To get genetically similar plants.
(Any two or any Other)
• Methods
Layering and Grafting 1
(Or any other)

OR
(b)
(i)
• A – Male Germ Cell/Male Gamete; B − Pollen tube; ½x3
C − Female Germ Cell / Female Gamete.
• B carries A (male germ cell) and this germ cell fuses with C 1
(female germ cell) to form a zygote.
• Significance: Zygote is capable of growing into a new plant. ½

X SCIENCE 31/3/1 PAGE 8

 (ii) Post fertilisation changes: -

• Zygote divides many times to form an embryo within ovule.

• Ovule is converted into seed
• Ovary ripens into fruit.
• Petals, Sepals, Stamens, Style and Stigma may shrivel/dry ½x4 5
and may fall off.

36 (a) (i)

(1)

Fig.9.13(b)-Page-153, NCERT.

(2)
1

Fig.9.14(b)-Page-154, NCERT.

(Note:- Deduct half mark if directions of rays are not shown)

(ii) Given u = –16 cm, f = + 24 cm, h = 4 cm ½

1 1 1 ½
Formula used – =
v u f
1 1 1
 – =
v (–16) + 24

1 –1
=
v 48

X SCIENCE 31/3/1 PAGE 9

 v = – 48 cm 1

Image is formed on the same side as the object

ℎ′ −48
=
4 −16
h' = 12 cm ½

OR
(b) (i)
(1)

(2)

(Note:- Deduct half mark if directions of rays are not shown)

X SCIENCE 31/3/1 PAGE 10

 (ii) Here f = – 12 cm, u = – 18 cm, v = ?, h = 1·5 cm, h = ? ½

1 1 1 ½
Mirror formula + =
v u f
1 1 1
 = – 5
v f u
1 1
= –
– 12 cm – 18 cm

−1
=
36

 v = – 36 cm 1

ℎ′ 𝑣
𝑚= =− ½
ℎ 𝑢

ℎ′ (−36)
=-
1.5 (−18)

ℎ′ = – 3·0 cm ½
SECTION E

37 (a) • CH3Br ½
• C2H5Br ½

½
(b) (i) Aldehyde
½
(ii) Ketone
½
(c) • The colour of KMnO4 disappears;
½
• KMnO4 acts as an oxidizing agent.

𝐴𝑙𝑘𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 +𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡

• CH3CH2OH → CH3COOH 1
4
OR
(c) • Ethene ½
Conc. H2SO4 acts as a dehydrating agent. ½

Con c. H 2SO4 + Hea t

• C2H5OH ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ CH2 = CH2 + H2O 1
44 3 K
38 (a) Salivary glands; Starch / Carbohydrate ½+½

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 (b) Stomach, Anus ½ +½

(c)
(i) The inner lining of the stomach will not be protected from the action 1
of acid.

(ii) Digested food will not be absorbed. / Absorption area will be reduced 1

OR
(c)
• Emulsification of fats. 1
• Acidic medium has to be made alkaline for the pancreatic 1
enzymes to act.

39 (a)
(i) Bulb A glows ½

(ii) Bulbs B, C, D and E glow ½

(b) P = V×I ½
11 = 55 ×I
1 ½
I = 5 = 0.2 amp

(c)
𝑉 55 𝑉 1
(i) Resistance of bulb B, R = = = 275 
𝐼 0.2 𝐴

𝑽𝟐
(alternative formula for calculation R = )
𝑷

(ii) Total resistance of the series combination of four bulbs 1

= 4  275 = 1100 

OR
(c)
• Bulb A will keep glowing with same brightness.
½
• Other bulbs i.e., B, D and E will stop glowing.
½

• Reason:
X SCIENCE 31/3/1 PAGE 12
As the bulbs B, D and E are connected in series with fused bulb C, so no
current flows through them and thus they will not glow. The bulb A
remains unaffected as it is connected in parallel combination. 1
4
****

X SCIENCE 31/3/1 PAGE 13