International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

REFRIGERATOR CUM BICYCLE

Mohit Kumar Pandey1, Noor Alam Ansari2, Rajat Kumar Kesharwani3, Kumar Saurav4
1PG Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KIT Kanpur, AKTU U.P. India
2,3,4UG Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIPS Kanpur, AKTU U.P. India
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Abstract – After so much development, still there are some
areas where electricity is not available also there is no
service of electricity. So cooling may not be achieved in
conventional ways. Cooling can be achieved by non-
conventional ways in these areas. So for cooling effect the
air or gas can be compressed by manual motion. To achieve
this motion, a bicycle is used. A reciprocating compressor is
driven by cycle wheel motion and compresses the gas. After
compression the gas temperature increases. This heat is
dissipated in condenser by contacting fresh air in
atmosphere. After cooling the gas becomes in liquid state
and goes to the cooling area where it takes the heat energy
and becomes vapor. This vapor is again compressed in
compressor and the cycle repeats. By this method, cooling
effect is achieved in remote and non-electric areas. Fig: Vapour Compression Refrigeration System
with the help of compressor which increases the pressure
Key Words: Conventional, Reciprocating, Compressor,
of gas with increment in temperature also. This
Dissipated, Vapour.
compressed gas is passed to the condenser and transfers
its latent heat into the atmosphere to change its phase into
1. INTRODUCTION
liquid from vapour. Now the high pressurised liquid is
collected into liquid receiver. Further this liquid is
Refrigeration is the removal of heat from a space at a
expanded through throttle valve and sent to evaporator.
temperature lower than the surrounding temperature. If
Evaporator is the confined area of which temperature is to
we remove a bucket of water from a tank, the surrounding
be decrease. Here the liquid refrigerant takes its latent
water rushes into fill the cavity. Similarly heat rushes into
heat and changes phase from liquid to vapour. Then again
replace the heat remove. Insulation reduces in-rush of
comes to compressor and cycle repeats.
heat. Whatever heat enters through the insulation into the
refrigerated space has to be removed with the help of the Now these days VCRS is most commonly used in home
refrigerating machine. The refrigerating machine gets rid appliances like fridge, air conditioner, water cooler etc.
of the energy received by it, by rejecting it to the VCRS consist of following components:
surroundings in the form of heat. Refrigeration thus
amounts of pumping of heat from lower to higher temp. 1. Compressor
Heat has a natural tendency of flow from higher to lower 2. Condenser
temperature. Hence input of work is essential. According 3. Liquid Receiver
to second law of thermodynamics, “In any cyclic process 4. Expansion Valve
the entropy will either increases or remain the same”. 5. Evaporator
6. Refrigerant
2. VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
2.1 COMPRESSOR
In Vapour Compression Refrigeration System, the working
fluid used is in the form of gas. This gas is compressed Compressor is a device which takes fluid at lower pressure
and delivers at higher pressure with the help of external
work. Compressor are also have sort of types like rotary
compressor, reciprocating compressor, screw compressor,
etc.

Rotary compressor compresses the fluid with the help of

a rotating vane in a closed chamber. Due the movement of

© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1241
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

fluid in this chamber the pressure increases with

movement.

Reciprocating compressor takes the fluid in a closed

chamber and pushes is with the help of ram and due to
volume reduction, pressure increases.

2.2 CONDENSER
Fig: Working of Vapour Compression Refrigeration System
Condenser is a device which decreases the temperature of
containing fluid. It takes heat from the containing fluid and Work done on the compressor = h2 – h1
transfers it to surrounding or atmosphere. Condensers Wcomp = (h2 – h1)
require more surface area for more heat dissipation so
they are spiral of tubes. Tubes have larger surface area Process 2 – 3: - The compressed refrigerant is now passed
and Coils or spirals increases length. to condenser for heat rejection. During compression
temperature also increases with increase in pressure. This
2.3 LIQUID RECEIVER heat is rejected in condenser to the surrounding or
atmosphere. During the heat rejection enthalpy decreases
Liquid receiver stores the fluid which is cooled in so
condenser. It also helps in converting all the fluid into
liquid form. It works as a filter and stores all the water Heat rejected by the condenser = h2 – h3
vapour mixed with refrigerant. Qrej = (h2 – h3)
2.4 EXPANSION VALVE Process 3 – 4: - In condenser heat rejection of compressed
refrigerant changes its state liquid from vapour. The
It helps in decreasing the pressure of fluid. It is a capillary change will occur when the working fluid i.e. refrigerant
tube of a long and small cross sectional area pipe. During will lose its latent heat at that pressure. This liquid
the entering of the fluid, fluid particles collides to each refrigerant is stored in liquid receiver and allowed to pass
other for enters and loses their energy. This reduction in through expansion valve. During the passing of expansion
energy decreases the pressure of fluid. Over the whole valve the pressure of liquid refrigerant decreases.
length its pressure comes to initial pressure which was Pressure is directly proportional to temperature so the
before compression. temperature of refrigerant falls down to its liquid
temperature for that pressure. There is no work
2.5 EVAPORATOR production during expansion.
Evaporator is a device which works opposite to the Process 4 – 1: - Now the liquid refrigerant is passed to the
condenser. It transforms the liquid of fluid to vapour evaporator for heat absorption. Evaporator is sealed from
phase by transferring heat. It is the area where cooling is the atmosphere for maintaining temperature difference.
achieved or the area where cooling is required. This The liquid refrigerant absorbs its latent heat and changes
contains a pipe which touches the surface so the heat its form to vapour. The vapour refrigerant is again sent to
inside it is transferred to flowing fluid. compressor and the whole process repeats.
The cooling effect produces in this process because heat
3. WORKING addition takes place.
It works on the principle of reverse cycle which is used in
steam power plants like Rankine Cycle. It consist of 4 Heat added to the refrigerant = h1 – h4
processes. Qadd (Refrigerating Effect) = (h1 – h4)
Hence
Process 1 – 2: - In this process refrigerant is adiabatically
C.O.P =
compressed into compressor. Due to the compression the
temperature and pressure increases. Volume decreases C.O.P =
with increase in pressure and thus delivery volume is less
than the suction volume. For this process work is done on
the compressor.

© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1242
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Specification
4. DESIGN OF REFRIGERATOR CUM BICYCLE
Material = Copper (Cu)
Thermal conductivity = 399 W/mk
Diameter of tube = 5mm
Thickness of tube = 0.5 mm
Length of tube = 8000mm

 Throttle valve

Throttle valve decreases the pressure without

increasing its velocity so a capillary tube is used
for this purpose.

Fig: Schematic diagram of Refrigerator cum Bicycle Specification

Diameter of tube = 0.8 mm
Length of tube = 2.8 m

 Evaporator

Evaporator absorbs the heat from the object put

inside and transfer it to refrigerant.

Specification
Length = 56 cm
Width = 19 cm
Height = 30 cm

 Refrigerant
Fig: Line Diagram of Refrigerator cum Bicycle
Refrigerant is responsible for cooling of
5. DESIGN OF REFRIGERATION SYSTEM evaporator so refrigerant of good conductivity
should be used.
 Compressor

The compressor is the heart of the refrigeration

system so the compressor required should be of
high pressure.

Specification
Number of cylinder = 1
Stroke length = 2 cm
Bore Diameter = 2 cm
Volume = 6.28 cm3
Pressure Ratio = 8:1

 Condenser

Condenser is the heat rejecter. The heat may be

rejected in form of conduction, convection or
radiation. There is a chance of more energy loss if Specification
a water cooled system is used also the use of
forced convection may increase the work load. A Name = Freon (Tetrafluoroethane) (R-134a)
condenser of copper is used. Chemical Formula = CH2FCF3
Density = 0.00425 g/cm3
Melting point = -103.3 0C

© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1243
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Boiling point = -26.3 0C = 230 – 90

𝛾 = 1.13 = 140 kJ/kg

5.1 CALCULATIONS
Ideal C.O.P = = 2.15
Inlet condition of refrigerant at compressor:
6. CONCLUSION
Temperature = 200C = 293 k, Pressure = 100 kPa
The requirement to develop a potable refrigerator is
From the chart inlet Enthalpy h1 = 275 kJ/kg fulfilled. It also helps for health like cycling is an excersize
and during cycling the refrigerator will also work on. We
can get cooled water during travelling also carry some
fruits for consumption. There is no conversion of energy
so more efficient also require less energy to operate.
Finally a good try to make a portable and negligible cost
refrigerator. It is not only for water but vegetables, fruits
also that makes it more important in daily life use. Due to
some losses like pressure drop in condenser, heat leakage
in evaporator, piston leakage etc, it do not provide the
calculated temperature drop. It takes about 12 minutes for
temperature drop of 1 degree of 1 kg water. Further
modification can give best result.
REFERENCES

[1] Dhanpat Rai & Co “Refrigeration and Air-

Fig: Pressure-Enthalpy curve Conditioning”
[2] S. Chand “Heat and Mass Transfer”
[3] S.Chand “Theory of Machines”
Outlet condition of refrigerant from compressor

T2 = 373 K = 100 ℃

Enthalpy from chart h2 = 340 kJ/kg

Now work done on the compressor

Pcompressor = 340 – 275= 65 kJ/kg

Heat rejected in condenser Qc = 340 – 90 = 250 kJ/kg (data

from chart)

After heat rejection enthalpy h3 = 90 kJ/kg

Now after expansion the refrigerant again comes to

normal pressure 1 bar

So
temperature after expansion (at constant enthalpy) = -24
℃

Heat absorbed in evaporator i.e. cooling effect produced in

evaporator

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