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End of Section 1 - Data Response

Agricultural output in Africa has increased due to better fertilizers and irrigation, as well as an expansion in land used for agriculture, rising from 12% in 1975 to 25% in 2015. However, the demand for high-quality food is not keeping pace with population growth, which is expected to double by 2050, leading to increased competition for resources like housing. The document highlights the variability of agricultural output across countries and the impact of external factors such as climate events on productivity.

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Maria andrea quattrochi
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34 views

End of Section 1 - Data Response

Agricultural output in Africa has increased due to better fertilizers and irrigation, as well as an expansion in land used for agriculture, rising from 12% in 1975 to 25% in 2015. However, the demand for high-quality food is not keeping pace with population growth, which is expected to double by 2050, leading to increased competition for resources like housing. The document highlights the variability of agricultural output across countries and the impact of external factors such as climate events on productivity.

Uploaded by

Maria andrea quattrochi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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End of Section 1

Data response question


Study the source material carefully and then answer Question 1.
Source material: Agricultural output in Africa

The output of more fertilisers and better irrigation have contributed to higher
agricultural output for each unit of land in Africa in recent years. More
significant, however, has been the increase in the quantity of land used to grow
crops. For example, in 1975 12% of land was used for agriculture. By 2015 this
had increased to 25%. In Mauritania, agricultural expansion is particularly
high at 7% per year. Despite the rise in agricultural output, the quantity of high
quality food that people would like to consume is not keeping pace with the
rise in population in all African countries. Africa’s population is set to double
by 2050, which will increase even further the demand for food. As incomes
increase in Africa, the desire for a range of products is increasing. People in
Africa are, for example, wanting more and better housing. Indeed, the desire
for housing usually outstrips the growth in resources devoted to housing.
People constantly strive for better living standards. The expansion of the
house building industry is encouraging some farm workers to switch to
working in the building industry. Changes in the pattern of demand are
causing not only agricultural workers, but also other workers to change their
occupation and where they work. Agricultural output can fluctuate quite
significantly as it can be influenced by, for example, floods, droughts and
heatwaves. The contribution of agricultural output varies between countries.
For example, in 2015 agriculture accounted for only 2% of South Africa’s output,
but 21% of Nigeria’s output. The total output that a country produces is
influenced by the size of the labour force. The table shows the size of the
labour force and total output for a group of selected African countries.
Referring to the source material in your responses, complete all parts of
Question 1.

a)​ Calculate the value of agricultural output in South Africa in 2015. (1)
b)​ Identify two reasons why the productivity of land has increased in Africa.
(1)
c)​ Explain the opportunity cost of working on a farm. (1)
d)​ Analyse, using a PPC, the effect on an economy of a flood. (2)
e)​ Analyse the relationship between the size of a country’s labour force
and its output shown in the table. (2)
f)​ Discuss whether or not skilled workers are likely to be more
occupationally and geographically mobile than unskilled workers. (3)

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