Team Sports

ASSIGNMENT NO. 1

Binbing, Janine S.
BBTLED HE 2-1
VOLLEYBALL
Introduction

Volleyball is a sports consisting of two

teams of 2, 4 or 6 players , where they compete over
a net by trying to force the ball down on the
oppositions court under a set of rules. Today with
the phenomenal growth and popularity of the sport,
Volleyball is arguably one of if not the most popular
participant sport in the world. It has been a part of
the official program of the Summer Olympic Games
since 1964. Picture 1. What is Volleyball
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Origin of Volleyball

In 1885, William G. Morgan, an instructor at the Young Men's Christian

Association
Associatio n (YMCA) in Holyoke,
Holyoke, Mass., decided to blend elements of basketball,
basketball,
baseball, tennis, and handball to create a game for his classes of businessmen which
would demand less physical contact than basketball. He created the game of Volleyball
mintonette “mintonette”
(at
thatthat
thetime called
original ). The
sport was much sports origins
like badminton of
so “minton” are rooted in the fact
to “mintonette.”

Morgan borrowed the net from tennis, and raised it 6 feet 6

inches above the floor, just above the average man's head. During
a demonstration game, someone remarked to Morgan that the
players seemed to be volleying the ball back and forth over the
net, and perhaps "volleyball" would be a more descriptive
name for the sport. On July 7, 1896 at Springfield College the
first game of "volleyball" was played.

1900 - a special ball was designed for the sport. They

created the volleyball in which consisted of three layers.
Picture 2. William G. Morgan The first was a latex bladder made from material that is
Retrieved December 26, 2019
fromhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki similar to a bicycle tire, the second was a cheesecloth
/William_G._Morgan
material, and the third outer layer was leather.

1916 - in the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball

in a high trajectory to be struck by another player (the set and
spike) were introduced.
1920 - three hits per side and back row attack rules were
instituted.
1930 - the first two-man beach game was played.
1934 - the approval and recognition of national volleyball
referees .
1964 - Volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Picture 3. The First Ball Design
Retrieved December 26, 2019
Tokyo. fromhttp://welovevolleyball.co/hist
ory-of-volleyball/
1996 - 2-person beach volleyball was added to the Olympics.
Volleyball Equipment

NET

Net is one-meter-long and 9.5 to 10 meter wide . It is tied vertically above the
center line of the court to posts fixed at either sides of the court,
court , at a distance of one meter
from the sidelines. The center of the net should lie 2.43 meter above the ground for
men and 2.24 meter for women . At the sides, the net may be higher by a maximum of
2cm, however it should be tied at the same height at both the posts.

The court width is marked on the net with a tape and flexible antennae of one meter
extends from the tape marker on both sides of the net. These markings help the referee
determine when the ball goes outside the court.

Picture 4. Volleyball Court Dimensions

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ps://portal.ddsb.ca/class/a4w9dq8/Lists/HandoutsandMaterials
/Lists/HandoutsandMaterials/Volleyball%20-%20History
/Volleyball%20-%20History%20and%20Rules.pdf
%20and%20Rules.pdf

BALL

Volley ball a spherical ball of 65-67 cm circumference. It

is made of leather or any synthetic material and weighs 260-
280 g.

Volleyballs are available in various colors , however for

international tournaments, FIVB (Fédération Internationale de
Volleyball) approved balls should only be used .
Picture 5. FIVB Approved Ball
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fromhttps://www.sportfactor.net/pr
oduct_p/mva200.htm

Other Equipment

Players of a team are uniformly dressed in jerseys, shorts, socks and sport shoes.
Jerseys of each team has a different color.
The Game

PLAYING AREA

Picture 6. Volleyball Court

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http://drumvss.ca/documents/general/Volleyball%20Handout.pdf

RULES OF THE GAME

• Volleyball is played by two teams of six players on a court divided by a net.

•cannot
The object ive
return of ball
the the or
game send
is to it
prevent fromthe ball over
hitting the netinsotheir
the ground that court
the opposing
. team
• Each team has three hits to attempt to return the ball.
• The ball is put in play with a serve that is hit over the net to the opponents (may the
touch net)
• The volley continues until the ball hits the playing
pla ying court, goes out of bounds, or a
team fails to return it properly.
• When the receiving team wins a volley, it gains a point and the right to serve. The
players rotate one position clockwise.
• When the serving team wins a volley, it wins a point and the right to continue
serving.
• Each team consists of no more than six persons , with each side having an equal
number.
• Each player must be in his or her own position before the ball is served .
• After the server strikes the ball, each player may cover any section of the court .

•• Each player
After a team serves
has lostinits
turn continues
and the
serve, to serve the
t eam receiving
team untilball
thefor
volley
the isfirst (side must
lostserve out).
rotate one position clockwise before serving.
• The ball may be volleyed only three times from one team member to another before
returning it over the net.
• During this volley a player may not hit the ball twice in succession . One or both
hands may be used.
• A blocking player is entitled to a second play at the ball. This 2nd hit counts as
the teams 1st touch.

YOU ARE ALLOWED TO:

• Serve from anywhere behind the end line.

• Play the ball after it hits the net, even off of a serve.
• Spike, or Volley the ball off of a serve.
• Hit the ball with any part of the body.
• Double contact the first ball that comes over the net.
• Reach over the net to block, as long as it is the 3rd hit for the other team.
YOU ARE NOT ALLOWED
ALLOWED TO:

• Block the serve.

• Touch the net.
• Cross the center line and interfere with play.
• Scoop or “carry” the ball.
• Double contact the ball
• Play the ball when it’s on the opponent’s side of the net (see blocking exception above)
• Block, if you are a back row player.

SIDEOUT

• A player holds or throws the ball.

• The ball touches any part of the body, other than the hands or forearms.
• A player touches the net with any part of the body or hands, or reaches over the net.
• A player does not clearly hit the ball or allows the ball to come to rest on any part of
parts of the body.
• A player hits the ball out of the boundaries of the court.
• A player allows the ball to hit the floor, or any object outside or over the court (except
net), before being legally returned to the opponent’s court.
• A player touches the ball twice in succession.

SCORING

• The game is played

played by the Rally point system and a point is awarded on every serve.
• When the serving team fails to score, it is side out and the receiving team becomes
the serving team.
• The game is played to 25 points, “win by 2.” With a cap of 30 .
• A match consists of normally either 2 out of 3 sets or 3 out of 5 sets . In the event
that the sets are tied with only one set remaining, the last one is played to 15 points .

BASIC POSITIONS

• Power – blocks and attacks on the outside

• Middle – blocks and attacks in the middle
• Setter – sets the ball
• Libero – a back-row-only player that is a defensive specialist
Picture 7. Basic Positions
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fromhttp://drumvss.ca/docum
ents/general/Volleyball%20H
andout.pdf

SERVING

“W” Service Formation – Receiving

• Front row: the middle player moves up to the net, the

other two players receive short serves
• Back row: the middle player moves up to receive short
serves, the other two players receive all the deep serves Picture 8. “W” Service
Formation
Retrieved December 26, 2019
fromhttp://drumvss.ca/docum
ents/general/Volleyball%20H
andout.pdf
SKILLS

• Volleys - fingers firm, hands form the shape of the ball, contact just in front of the
forehead, extend arms and wrists (like a basketball chest pass going upwards)
- TIP: square your shoulders to where you want to volley the ball

• Bumps - shrug shoulders and squeeze arms together, arms straight out in front, bend
at the waist, “push” and/or lean towards the direction you want the ball to travel
- TIP: think of your arms as a wooden board, bumping is simply deflecting the ball
to where you want it to go, so
s o making the correct angle with your a
arms
rms is critical

• Serve - feet close together, hold ball straight out with non-hitting arm, hitting arm pulls
behind head, toss ball straight up, step with opposite foot and hit the ball with the palm of
the hitting arm, do not snap the wrist – it is a float serve because the ball should not spin
- TIP: stare at the ball and aim dead center as you hit it

• Spikes - start from just behind the attack line, take 2 big steps for your approach then
jump, (as you jump,) swing your arms to get more height, throw your hands up towards
the ball, pull your hitting arm back, and snap your wrist as you hit the ball with your entire
hand (this creates topspin)
- TIP: focus on timing your jump, the hitting part will improve dramatically
- TIP: jump as if hitting a hard spike, gently guide the ball with the fingers

• Blocking - stand almost at an arm’s length from the net, jump a split second after the
hitter Jumps, reach over the net as far as you can with your hands, with fingers spread
out, tighten up your body to get some “attitude” in your block
- TIP: blocking is 50% technique/timing, and 50% attitude!

• Switching - players may switch places as soon as the ball is served, just make sure
you don’t cross with the players that are adjacent to you (before the serve)

Picture 9. Six Basic Skills of Volleyball

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/07/01/six-basic-skills-of-volleyball/
ball/
The Different Types of Volleyball

Indoor Volleyball

Indoor volleyball requires a high-level of unique skills. Although teamwork is stressed,

indoor players must master individual skills such as serving, proper blocking and spiking.
Each player must focus on a particular set role in addition to being a rover and learning
to be successful in every aspect of the
t he game. Much of the action is spontaneou
spontaneouss because
the ball can be anywhere at any time.

Newcomb Volleyball

Newcomb volleyball is a traditional indoor game that is ideal for children or those with
limited athletic ability. The rules are the same, but the players catch the ball rather than
hit it. They then pass the ball to teammates or attempt to throw it to the opposing side
where it hits the ground before being caught by a player.

Outdoor Volleyball

Outdoor volleyball is played much the same as the indoor game, only the playing
surface is different. It can be played on sand or on an outdoor court similar to a tennis
court. The elements including wind are a major factor in playing the game outdoors.
Shoes may or not be worn when playing volleyball outdoors.

Beach Volleyball

Beach volleyball is an outdoor game that appeals to all-around players. It challenges

them to master each skill since there are only two teammates on the court at a time. With
only one teammate, each player must cover the entire court. The sandy playing surface
is much easier on the body joints and allows players to play barefoot opposed to indoor
hard surfaces requiring shoes.

Volleyball Club Teams

Volleyball club teams help young kids gain experience playing volleyball
volleybal l before they are
eligible for high school teams. This gives them an advantage over inexperienced players.
At the high school level, players find clubs to be valuable in helping them improve their
skills. They face tougher competition by playing teams at the national level. This helps
prepare them for the challenges of varsity games.

Official Referee Calls

 Picture 10. Official Referee Calls
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olleyball%20-%20History%20and%20Rules.pdf
and%20Rules.pdf

Basic Volleyball Terminologies

Ace: A serve that results directly in a point, usually when the ball hits the floor untouched
on the receiving team’s side of the court.

Assist: Helping a teammate set up for a kill.

Attack: The offensive action of hitting the ball.

Attacker: Also “hitter” and “spiker.” A player who attempts to hit a ball offensively with the
the
purpose of terminating play.

Attack Block: The defensive team’s attempt to block a spiked ball.

Attack Error: An attack botched in one of 5 ways: ball lands out of bounds; ball goes into
net; attacker commits center line or net violation or attacker illegally contacts ball.

Attack Line: A line 3 meters/10 feet away from, and parallel to, the net. Separates the
front-row players from the back-row players. A back-row player cannot legally attack the
ball above the net unless he takes off from behind this line.

Back row/court: Space from baseline (end line) to attack line.

l ine. There are 3 players whose
court positions are in this area (positions 1, 6 & 5 on court)

Back Row Attack: When a back-row player takes off from behind the attack line (10-
foot/3-meter) line and attacks the ball. Various terms A-B-C-D-PIPE-BIC.

Back set: Set delivered behind the setter.

Baseline: The back boundary of the court. Also called the end line
Block: One of the 6 basic skills. A defensive play by one or more front-row
front -row players meant
to intercept a spiked ball. The combination of one, 2 or 3 players jumping in front of the
opposing spiker and contacting the spiked ball with the hands.

Blocking Error: Touching the net, crossing the centerline, blocking a set or serve or any
other “local” violation that occurs while making a block attempt.

Center line: The boundary that runs under the net and divides the court into two equal
halves.

Closing the block: The responsibility of the assisting blocker(s) to angle their body
relative to the first blocker.

“Cover”: Refers to the hitter having his/her teammates ready to retrieve rebounds from
the opposing blockers.

Cross-court attack: An attack directed diagonally

diagonal ly from the point of attack. Also called
ca lled an
angle hit.

Cut shot: A spike from the hitter’s strong side that travels
tr avels at a sharp angle across the
net.

Deep: Refers to sending the ball away from

fr om the net, toward the baseline of the op
opponent’s
ponent’s
court.
Defense: One of the 6 basic skills. The key skills used to receive the opponent's attack
are digging and sprawling. The dig resembles a forearm pass from a low ready position
and is used more for balls that are hit near the defender. The sprawl is a result of an
attempted dig for a ball hit farther away from the defender. It resembles a dive.

Dig: Passing a spiked or rapidly hit ball and low to ground. Defensive play. Slang for
retrieving an attacked ball close to the floor. Statistically scored on a 3.0-point system.

Dink: A one-handed, soft hit into the opponent’s court using the fingertips. Also called a
tip.

Double block: Two players working in unison to intercept a ball at the net.

Double hit: Violation. Two successive hits by the same player.

Down Ball: Type of attack. “Down” refers to the blockers

b lockers who neither jump, nor raise their
hands above the net.

Dump: Usually performed by the setter, who delivers the ball into the opponent’s court
on the second contact.

Five-One (5-1): An offensive system that uses five hitters and one setter.

Floater: A serve with no spin so the ball follows an erratic path.

Follow: To move with and block an attacker. Athletes may change positions with another
blocker in the process.

Forearm Pass: Sometimes referred to as the “pass,” “bump” or “dig”.

Four-Two (4-2): An offensive system using four hitters and two setters.
Free ball: Returning the ball to the opponent without the intent to get a kill. Usually a
slow, arcing pass or “roll” shot rather than a spike.

Front: Position of a blocker so that she/he can block the attacker.

Front-row: Three players whose court position is in front of the attack line (3M/10 Foot),
near the net. These players are in positions 2, 3 & 4 on the court.

Game plan: Offensive and defensive emphasis for an opponent. Usually organized for
each rotation by the coaching staff.

Held ball: A ball that comes to rest during contact resulting in a violation.

Hit: One of the 6 basic skills. To jump and strike the ball with an overhand, forceful shot.

Hitter: Also “spiker” or “attacker.” The player who is responsible for hitting the ball.

Hitting percentage: A statistic derived from total kills minus total attack errors, divided
by total attempts.

Joust: When 2 opposing players contact the ball simultaneously above the net causing
the ball to momentarily come to rest; the point is replayed if this is called by the official.

Jump serve: The server uses an approach, toss, takeoff and serves the ball with a
spiking motion while in the air. There are two main types: jump float, jump spin.
Key player/play : To discern a team’s best player or probable next play by observation
of patterns or habits.

Kill: An attack that results directly in a point or sideout.

Libero: A player specialized in defensive skills. This player must wear a contrasting
jersey color from his or her teammates and cannot block or attack the ball when it is
entirely above net height. When the ball is not in play, the libero can replace any back-
row player without prior notice to the officials.

Lines: The marks that serve as boundaries of a court. 2 inches (5cm) wide.

Linesman: Officials located at the corners of the court; each linesman is responsible for
ruling if the ball is legally in play along the lines for which he or she is responsible. For
indicating touches and play outside of the antennae on their side of net.

Lineup: Players starting rotation and, therefore, serving order. Numbered 1,2,3,4,5,6.

Line serve: A straight-ahead serve landing near the opponent’s left sideline.

Line shot: A ball

b all spiked
sp iked along an opponent’s sideline, closest to the hitter and outside
the block.

Load: Body position for the blockers so that they are most effective.

Middle back: A defensive system that uses the middle back player in 6 to cover deep
spikes. Also called “6 back” defense.

Middle blocker: Usually plays in the middle of the net when in the front row and moves
laterally to her blocking assignments.

Middle Up: A defensive system that uses the middle-back player in 6 to cover tips or
short shots along the 3 meter/10 foot line. Also called a “6 up” defense
Mintonette: The original name of the game of volleyball, created by William Morgan.

Net Height: Women – 7 feet, 4-1/8 inches high (2.24m), Men – 7 feet, 11-5/8 inches high
(2.43m).

Off-blocker: Outside blocker not included in the double block. Also called off-side
blocker.

Off-Speed Shots: An attack that is intentionally slow. Ball spiked with less than maximum
force but with spin. Also called “roll” shot.
Opposite: Player who plays opposite the setter in the rotation. In some systems, this
player is also a setter. In other systems, this player is called a right-side.

Outside hitter: Usually plays at the ends of the net when in the front row. Also called
right-side (opposite) or left side (power).

Overhand pass: A pass with both hands open that is controlled by the fingers, with the
face below the ball. Both hands simultaneously
sim ultaneously contact the ball above
abo ve the head and direct
it to the intended target.

Overhand serve: Serving the ball and striking it with the hand above the shoulder. Float
or spin.
Overlap: A violation called if a team is lined up out of rotation when the ball is served.

Overpass: A ball passed across the net.

Overset: An errant set that crosses the net without being touched by another offensive
player.

Pass: One of the 6 basic skills. Receiving a serve or the first contact of the ball with the
intent to control the ball to another player. Also called a “bump”.

Pancake: One-hand floor defensive technique where the hand is extended and slid along
the floor palm down while the player dives or extension rolls so the ball bounces off the
back of the hand and is considered legal.

Party ball: When the ball is passed across the net in front of attack line so the front-row
attacker can immediately hit the ball on the first contact.

Penetration: The blocker’s ability to reach over the net above the opponent’s court.

Perimeter: Backcourt defense where 4 players arrange themselves near the boundaries
of the court.

Pipe: A back-row attack from the middle of the court. Position 6.

Play: An attack with a planned fake, usually including 2 or more hitter.

Quick set: An extremely low

lo w vertical set used to beat the opponent’s block. Can be set
at any position on the net.

Rally scoring: Scoring method where points can be won by the serving or receiving
receivin g team.

Ready position: The flexed, yet comfortable, posture a player assumes before moving
to the point of contact.
Red card: Given by the official to a player or coach for flagrant misconduct resulting in a
point/side out to the opponent. Results in automatic ejection and a point/side out for the
opponent.

Roof: To block a spike, usually straight down for a point.

Rotation: The clockwise movement of players around the court and through the serving
position following a side out. Players must retain their initial rotational order throughout
the entire game, but once the ball is contacted on serve they are allowed to move
anywhere.
Seam: The mid-point between 2 players.

Serve: One of the 6 basic skills. Used to put the ball into play. It is the only skill controlled
exclusively by one player.

Set: One of the 6 basic skills. The tactical skill in which a ball is directed to a point where
a player can spike it into the opponent’s court. Sets can be set at different heights and
different locations on the net and offensively there are names for each of these. First
number is location on net and second number height of set. (Example: 13.) Sets can also
be named.

Set attack: When a setter attempts to score rather than set the ball to a setter. Also called
a shoot set.

Setter: The second passer whose job it is to position a pass to the hitter.

Shallow: Near the net.

Shank: Severely misdirected pass.

Side out: Change of service when a serving team has failed to score a point. Occurs
when the receiving team successfully puts the ball away against the serving team, or
when the serving team commits an unforced error.

Six-pack: Being hit in the face with the ball.

Six-two (6-2): An offense with four spikers and two spiker/setters. Setter comes from the
back row.

Slide/step: A quick attack behind the setter.

Spike: Also called a hit or attack. A ball contacted with force by a player on the offensive
team who intends to terminate the ball on the opponent’s floor or off the opponent’s
blocker.

Split block: A double-block that leaves a space between the blockers.

Stuff: A ball deflected back to the attacking team’s floor by the opponent’s blockers.

Substitution: Allows one player to replace another player already on the court. Rules
dictate number of subs each team is allowed.

Switch: To change court positions after a ball is served to facilitate strongest player
positions.
Tandem: A combination in which one player attacks immediately behind another.
Tape: The top of the net.

Telegraph: To show one’s intention t o the opponents.

Three-meter line: The line extended across the court to signify the point which a back-
row player must leave the ground behind to attack the ball. Also call “attack line” and 10 -
foot line

Tip: A one-handed, soft hit into the opponent’s court using the fingertips. Also called a
dink.

Tool: When an attacker hits the ball off an opposing blocker’s arms out of bounds. Also
called a wipe.

Touch: A player contacting the ball on the defensive play.

Transition: To switch from offense to defense and vice versa.

Triple-block: Block formed by all 3 front-row players.

Underhand serve: A serve performed with an underhand striking action. The ball is
usually contacted with the heel of the hand.

W serve-receive formation: Three players in the front row, two in the back.
Wipe: To deliberately spike the ball off an opponent’s hands and out of bounds. Also
called a tool.

Yellow Card: Given by the official to a player or coach as a warning of misconduct. Two
yellow cards result in an automatic red card.

References:

Basic Volleyball Rules and Terminology. Retrieved December 26, 2019 from
https://www.theartofcoachingvolley
https://www.theartofcoachingvolleyball.com/basi
ball.com/basic-volleyball-rules-and-terminology
c-volleyball-rules-and-terminology//

The Different Types of Volleyball. Retrieved December 26, 2019 from https://sports-fanblog.weebly.com/blog/the-
different-types-of-volleyball

Volleyball. Retrieved December 26, 2019 from http://drumvs

http://drumvss.ca/document
s.ca/documents/general/Volley
s/general/Volleyball%20Handout.pdf
ball%20Handout.pdf

Volleyball – Equipment. Retrieved December 26, 2019 from

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/volleyball/volley
volleyball/volleyball_equipment.htm
ball_equipment.htm

Volleyball History and Rules. Retrieved December 26, 2019 from

https://portal.ddsb.ca/class/a
https://portal.ddsb.ca/class/a4w9dq8/Lists/Handout
4w9dq8/Lists/HandoutsandMaterials/V
sandMaterials/Volleyball%20%2
olleyball%20%20History%20and%
0History%20and%20Rules.pdf
20Rules.pdf

WHAT IS VOLLEYBALL. Retrieved December 26, 2019 from https://www.volleyball1on1.c

https://www.volleyball1on1.com/what-is-volleybal
om/what-is-volleyball/
l/