XAV-PIQ- 2025

1. Derive an expression for the electric field at a point on the axial position of an electric dipole.
2. Derive an expression for the electric field at a point on the equatorial position of an electric
dipole.
3. Derive an expression for the energy stored in a capacitor. Show that whenever two conductors
share charges by bringing them into electrical contact, there is a loss of energy.
4. Derive an expression for the effective capacitance when capacitors are connected in
a. series and
b. parallel
5. Explain the principle of a capacitor and derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel
plate capacitor.
6. State Gauss theorem and apply it to find the electric field at a point due to
(a) a line of charge
(b) A plane sheet of charge
(c) A Charged spherical conducting shell
7. State Coulomb's law and express it in vector form. Derive it using Gauss theorem.
8. Derive an expression for the torque on an electric dipole in a uniform electric field.
9. Derive an expression for the work done in rotating an electric dipole in a uniform electric field
10. Derive an expression for the energy stored (Potential Energy) in a dipole in a uniform electric
field.
11. Derive an expression for the electrostatic potential energy of a system of point charges.
12. Derive an expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with a dielectric slab

1. Define drift velocity and derive an expression for it.

2. Derive the expression I=nAeVd
3. Deduce Ohm's law from elementary ideas and hence write an expression for resistance and
resistivity
4. Derive an expression for conductivity in terms of mobility.
5. State and explain Kirchhoff's laws.
6. State and explain the principle of Wheat Stone's principle. Deduce it using Kirchhoff's laws.
7. Describe how you will determine the resistance of a given wire using Meter Bridge.
8. Explain the variation of resistance and resistivity with temperature and hence define
temperature coefficient of resistance and resistivity.

1. State Biot-Savart law and apply it to find the magnetic field due to a circular loop carrying
current at a point (a) at its centre (b) on the axis
2. State Ampere's circuital law and apply it to find the magnetic field (a) inside a current carrying
solenoid (b) inside a current carrying solenoid
3. Apply Ampere's circuital law to determine the magnetic field at a point due to a long straight
current carrying conductor.
4. Derive an expression for the force on a current carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field
5. Derive an expression for the torque on a current carrying loop in a uniform magnetic field.
6. Describe the principle construction and working of a Moving coil galvanometer.
7. Describe the conversion of a moving coil galvanometer into
a. Ammeter
b. Voltmeter
8. Describe the motion of a charged particle in a magnetic field when it enters the field (a)
perpendicular to the field lines (b) obliquely making and angle → with the field lines.
XAV-PIQ- 2025

1. State and Explain Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction.

2. State Lenz' Law and show that it is in accordance with the law of conservation of energy.
3. Use Lenz' law to find the direction of induced emf in a coil when (a) a north pole is brought
towards the coil (b) north pole taken away from the coil (c) A south pole is brought towards the
coil and (d) a south pole is taken away from the coil, Draw illustrations in each case.
4. What is motional emf. Deduce an expression for it. State Fleming's right hand rule to find the
direction of induced emf.
5. What are eddy currents? Describe the applications of eddy currents.
6. Explain the working of (a) Electromagnetic Brakes (b) Induction Furnace
7. Define self induction and self inductance. What is its unit? Write its dimensions.
8. Derive an expression for the self inductance of a long solenoid.
9. Explain the phenomenon of mutual induction and define mutual inductance. Write the unit and
dimensions of mutual inductance.
10. Describe the various methods of producing induced emf. Derive an expression for the
instantaneous emf induced in a coil rotated in a magnetic field.
11. What is displacement current? Explain its need.

1. Describe the principle construction and working of an AC generator. Draw neat labeled diagram
2. Define mean value of AC(over a half cycle) and derive an expression for it.
3. Define RMS value of AC and derive an expression for it.
4. Show that the average value of AC over a complete cycle is zero.
5. Show that the current and voltage are in phase in an ac circuit containing resistance only.
6. Deduce the phase relationship between current and voltage in an ac circuit containing inductor
only.
7. Deduce the phase relationship between current and voltage in an ac circuit containing capacitor
only.
8. Draw the phasor diagram showing voltage and current in LCR series circuit and derive an
expression for the impedance
9. What do you mean by resonance in Series LCR circuit? Derive an expression for the frequency of
resonance in LCR circuit.
10. Distinguish between resistance, reactance and impedance.
11. Define quality factor (Q factor) of resonance and derive an expression for it.
12. Describe the mechanism of electromagnetic oscillations in LC circuit and write expression for the
frequency of oscillations produced.
13. Derive an expression for the average power in an ac circuit
14. Define power factor. Deduce expression for it and explain wattless current?
15. Describe the principle construction theory and working of a transformer

1. Explain the inadequacy of Ampere's circuital law

2. Describe Hertz experiment to demonstrate the production of electromagnetic waves.
3. Write the properties of electromagnetic waves.
4. Write any five electromagnetic waves in the order of decreasing frequency and write any two
properties and uses of each
5. Deduce an expression for velocity of em waves in vacuum.
6. Establish the transverse nature of electromagnetic waves.
XAV-PIQ- 2025

13. Compare the properties of electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves.

1. Derive mirror formula for a concave mirror and convex mirror.

2. Derive an expression for lateral shift and normal shift.
3. Define TIR and write the conditions for TIR. Derive a relation between critical angle and the
refractive index of the medium. Also explain the working of isosceles prism and optical fiber.
4. Derive the following relation for a real image formed by a convex refracting surface when the
object is placed in rarer medium. Also write the assumptions and sign convention used.
5. Derive LENS Maker formula.
6. Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation in refracting type astronomical telescope in
the normal adjustment (when image is formed at infinity). Derive an expression for its
magnifying power. How does the magnifying power get affected on increasing the aperture of
the objective lens and why?
7. Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation a compound microscope. Explain briefly the
working. Derive an expression for its magnifying power. Why the diameter of objective of
microscope should be small.
8. Draw a labeled diagram of a reflecting type telescope. State two advantages of this telescope
over refracting type telescope.
9. Define resolving power of compound microscope. How does the resolving power of a compound
microscope change when-(a) Refractive index of medium between the object and objective lens
increases (b) Wavelength of the light used is increased (c) decreasing the diameter of objective
(iv) increasing the focal length of its objective.
10. Define the resolving power of astronomical telescope. Write the expression for it and state, on
what factors it depends

1. Define wave front. State Huygens principle and verify Snell's law.
2. State Huygens principle and prove the laws of reflection on the basis of wave theory.
3. What do you mean by interference of light? Explain in brief the Young's double slit experiment.
4. What are the coherent sources? Write the conditions for the sustained interference pattern.
Also draw the intensity v/s path difference curve.
5. Find the conditions for constructive and destructive interference. How does the intensity
depend on the width of slit?
6. Find the expression for the fringe width. What is the effect on the fringe width if the whole
apparatus (YDSE) is completely immersed in a liquid of refractive index µ ?
7. What do you mean by diffraction of light and state the condition for the diffraction? Obtain the
conditions for secondary maxima and minima. Also draw the intensity distribution curve.

1. Describe the experiment to study photoelectric effect and explain the laws of photoelectric
effect and the significance of each.
2. Describe Hertz and Lenard's experiment to demonstrate photoelectric effect.
3. Explain Einstein's photoelectric equation and explain the laws of photoelectric effect using it.
4. State and explain De-Broglie relation for matter waves.
5. Write the characteristics of Photon.

1. Using Bohr theory derive expression for (a) the radius of the nth orbit (b) velocity of electron in
the rith orbit.
XAV-PIQ- 2025

2. By Bohr's postulates of atomic model, derive expressions for kinetic energy and potential energy
of an electron in an orbit of radius r.
3. Explain the term (a) excitation energy (b) excitation potential (c) ionization energy (d) ionization
potential.
4. Define binding energy. How does binding energy per nudeon vary with mass number? What is
its significance ?

1. Distinguish between conductors, insulators and semiconductors on the basis of energy bands.
2. What are extrinsic semiconductors? Mention its types and explain the mechanism of conduction
in each.
3. Explain the conduction in N Type and P Type semiconductor on the basis of band theory.
4. Explain the formation of depletion layer and potential barrier in a PN junction diode.
5. Draw the circuit diagram used to determine the VI characteristics of a diode and draw the
forward and reverse bias characteristics of a diode. Explain the conclusions drawn from the
graph.
6. With the help of a labeled circuit diagram explain the working of half wave rectifier and draw
the input and output waveforms.
7. Write notes on LED, photodiode and solar cell.
8. What is a Zener diode? Draw the VI characteristics of zener diode. Explain Zener breakdown
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