Social Science

7.Human Geography - studies the world, its people, communities and cultures, and differs

from physical geography mainly in that it focuses on human activities and their impact - for

instance on environmental change. Human geography is a major sub discipline within the wider

subject field of geography. Literally, human geography could be Interpreted as the study of the

geography of humans: when, where, and how humans evolved, developed strategies tor survival, and
dispersed to other parts of the world.

8. Geography- The study ot History and Archaeology remains incomplete without knowing

something about the Geography or the area being studied. Geography is the study of the earth's

landscapes, people, places and environment. In simple terms, It is knowing about the world in

which we live. Geography is unique in bridging the social sciences (human geography) with the natural
sciences (physical geography).

Geography plays an important role ln shaping the life and history of any society. It helps us to

recognise the differences in cultures, political systems, economies, landscapes and environments across
the world. It also helps us to establish links among them. Geography provides an ideal

framework for relating to other fields of knowledge, too. If we know the geography of a country, we can
understand what happened in history.

9. Environmental Planning - explores the decision-making processes for managing

relationships within and between human systems and natural systems, in order to manage these
processes in an effective, transparent and equitable manner.

10. Economics studies the production, distribution and consumption of

goods and services. It seeks to understand how individuals interact within the social structure, to
address key questions about the production and exchange of goods and services. Economists

examine. For example, how prices are determined or what effects taxes will have.

Economy is also part of society; goods and services do not produce, distribute and consume by

themselves. Economics is much more than making a budget. It is the scientific study of the ways in which
humans make choices about production, consumption and wealth. This becomes very

important when we are traced with limited means. It is the social science of striking a balance
between needs and available resources. Studying this subject will be more interesting if you

apply the learning to real life situations.

It is the social science that deals with the ways in which men and societies seek to satisfy their

material needs and desires. Alfred Marshall has defined economics as The Study of man-kind in

the ordinary business of life. Adam Smith defines it as the science of wealth. There are many

fields of applied economics along with special subfields of economics theory and economic

history.

11. Management and business studies - explores a wide range of aspect

relating to the activities and management of business, such as strategic and operational

management, organisational psychology, employ relations, markeng accounang, finance and logistics.

12. Education- is one of the most important social sciences, exploring now people learn and

develop. In the general sense, it is any act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind,
character, or physical ability or an individual. In its technical sense, education is the process by which
society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills, and values from one

generation to another.

Education encompasses teaching and learning specific skills, the imparting of knowledge,

positive judgment and well-developed wisdom. Education has, as one of its fundamental aspects the
imparting of culture from generation to generation. Educate means to draw out from the, or tofacilitate
the realization of an individual's potential and talents. It is an application of pedagogy, abody of
theoretical and applied research relating to teaching and learning and draws on many

disciplines such as psychology, philosophy, computer science, linguistics, neuroscience,

sociology and anthropology.

13. Social Anthropology - is the study of how human societies and social

structures are organised and understood. lt is the branch of anthropology

that studies human societies, emphasizing interpersonal and inter-group relations.

14. Linguistics is the scientific study of natural language. It focuses on

language and how People communicate through spoken sounds and words.
15. Politics/Political Science- focuses on democracy and the relationship between people and

policy, at all levels up from the individual to a national and international level. Political Science

is a social science concerned with the theory and practice of politics and the analysis of political systems
and political behaviour. It tells us how the government is elected. Political scientists

study the relationship between the political events and conditions. They try to understand
generalprinciples about the way the world of politics works. It includes studies on governments, public
policies, political processes, systems and political behaviour. Political scientists "See themselves engaged
in revealing the relationships underlying political events and conditions.

And from these revelations they attempt to construct general principles about the way the world of
politics works"

Political science intersects with other fields: including public policy, national polities, international
relations, comparative polities and political theory.

16. International Relations-is the study of relationships between countries, including the roles of other
organisations. A branch of political science concerned with relations between nations and primarily with
foreign policies.

17. Science and Technology Studies is concerned with what scientists do, what their role is in our
society, the history and culture of science, and the policies and debates that shape our

modern scientific and technological world.

18. Social Policy - is an interdisciplinary and applied subject concerned with the analysis of

societies responses to social need, focusing on aspects of society, economy and policy that are necessary
to human existence, and how these can be provided.

19. Social Work - is an academic and professional discipline that seeks

to facilitate the welfare of communities, individuals, families, and groups. It may promote social change,
development, cohesion, and empowerment focuses on social change, problem-solving inhuman
relationships and the empowerment and liberation of people to enhance social justice.

Social work is known tor its critical and holistic approach to understanding and intervening in

social problems. This has led, for example, to the recognition of poverty as having a social

and economic basis rooted in social policies rather than representing a personal moral defect.

20. History- is the study of the human past. It is a field of research which uses a narrative to examine and
analyze the sequence of events and sometimes attempts to investigate objectively the patterns of cause
and effect that determine events. It is concerned with the interpretation ofthe past, how it affects our
views of the present, understanding trends or the lack thereof in the past. History is an account of
events that have happened in the past. It is about the real people and the real things. It does not deal
with mere ideas and ideals or what should have been.

21. Anthropology- is the study of humans, past and present, that draws

and builds upon knowledge from the social sciences and biological sciences, as well as the

humanities and the natural sciences. It is a discipline ot intinite curiosity about human beings.

22. Archaeology- is the study ot the ancient times with respect to society

and culture. The traces of those events can be found in material remains i.e. the artitacts, burials, ruined
bullaings, monuments, etc.

and are studied by archaeologists. They interpret them to provide

knowledge about the times to which these artifacts belong. The study

of Archaeology also includes the written records that are very ancient

and cannot be easily deciphered or understood. These sources give more reliable and authentic
information.