Connectors

Kabir Sir
01726868408

Sentence connectors are words or phrases used to connect one clause to another within a sentence and provide a flow between
paragraphs. They also express the specific relationships between the concepts of sentences. Sentence connectors are generally
found at the beginning or right in the middle of a sentence to express order, contrast, similarities or sequence of the thoughts it
contains.

Example: “London is a very exciting city; nevertheless, it is also very expensive” or

“Despite the fact that London is very expensive, it is also very exciting”

There are various types of connectors. We can divide them into:

Coordinating Conjunctions
A coordinating conjunction joins parts of a sentence (for example words or independent clauses) that are grammatically equal or
similar. A coordinating conjunction shows that the elements it joins are similar in importance and structure: And, but, for, nor,
or, so, and yet—these are the seven coordinating conjunctions.

Correlative Conjunctions
A correlative conjunction is a coordinating conjunction that pairs up with other words to connect elements in a sentence. They
help indicate the relationship between elements they connect in a sentence.
Example: both ---and, not only ---but also, as --- as,
either --- or, neither --- nor, whether --- or,

Subordinating Conjunctions
They connect a dependent clause and an independent clause and establish a relationship between them. They happen at the
beginning of a sentences (with a comma in the middle separating the clauses) or in the middle of a sentence with no comma.
Example:
after if though although if only
till as in order that unless as if
now that until as long as once when
as though rather than whenever because since
where before so that whereas even if
than wherever even though that while

Linking Adverbs and Transition Words

They connect two independent clauses or sentences. They provide transition between ideas.
Linking Adverbs and Transition Words:
accordingly however nevertheless also indeed
otherwise besides instead similarly consequently
likewise still conversely meanwhile subsequently
finally moreover then furthermore nonetheless
therefore hence next thus
 Sentence Connectors
Kabir Sir
01726868408
Addition – ms‡hvRb: c~e©eZx© e³‡e¨i c‡ÿ †Rvi cÖKvk Ki‡Z Ges AviI Z_¨ †`qvi Rb¨
Besides (ZvQvov) 1. David Ben-Gurion, the first prime minister of the state of Israel, was a notable orator and prolific
Moreover (ZvQvov) writer. Moreover, he was a serious student of the Bible and philosophy.
Not only that 2. The new service will be considerably more expensive. Furthermore, it will only be available in certain
Again (Avevi) areas.
Furthermore (ZvQvov) 3. I don’t want to go shopping with you. Besides, I haven’t got any money.
Further (ZvQvov) 4. I think I will accept the offer because it is a first-class hospital. Also, the situation appeals to me.
In addition to (Z`ycwi) 5. An explorer attempting to cross the Arctic has to cope with bitterly cold temperatures. In addition, he
Also (I/AviI) has to battle with the strong tidal pull on the ice.
Else (ZvQvov)

Listing – ZvwjKve×KiY: NUbvi avivevwnKZv eySv‡Z

First (cÖ_g) There are several reasons why the Industrial Revolution started in Britain rather than in France.
Firstly(cÖ_gZ) First / Firstly / First of all / In the first place / To begin with, Britain had the money to finance the larger
At first (cÖ_‡g) enterprises.
In the first place (cÖ_gZ)
First of all (me©cÖ_g)
At the beginning (ïiæ‡Z)
In the beginning (ïiæ‡Z)
At the start (ïiæZ)
At the out set (ïiæ‡Z)
Second (wØZxq) Second / Secondly / In the second place, England’s supremacy on the seas had encouraged commerce
Secondly (wØZxqZ) and thus, indirectly, industry.
In the second place(wØZxqZ)
Third (Z„Zxq) Thirdly / In the third place, there was a new rich class in England, a merchant class, which was ready to
Thirdly (Z…ZxqZ) devote itself to industry.
In the third place (Z…ZxqZ)
In the end (cwi‡k‡l) The country is confronting three major problems. First / Firstly / First of all / In the first place / To begin
At the end (cwi‡k‡l) with, there is the inflation problem to be dealt with. Second /Secondly / In the second place, the rate of
Lastly (‡k‡l) unemployment is very high. Finally / Lastly / Last of all, the country is faced with the threat of civil war.
At last (Ae‡k‡l)
Finally (me‡k‡l)
In conclusion (Dcmsnv‡i)
To conclude (†k‡l)
In fine (Dcmsnv‡i),
Last of all (me‡k‡l)

Time – mgq: c~e©eZx© ev‡K¨i mv‡_ mg‡qi m¤úK© †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ (How to)
At first (cÖ_‡g) 1. At first, Wegener's claim attracted little interest, but after his second book many of the world's top
Then (Zvici) experts on geology gradually began to agree with him.
Later (cieZx©‡Z) 2. He worked in Russia for two years. Then, he was appointed to work in China.
Afterwards (cieZx©‡Z) 3. In early times natural plant products were used; later, a great variety of synthetic substances became
At last (cwi‡k‡l) available.
Subsequently(cieZx©‡Z) 4. The author points out that most people are resistant to being managed. Afterwards, he gives an
Meanwhile (B‡Zvg‡a¨) attractive solution.
In the meantime (B‡Zvg‡a¨) 5. The epidemic broke out in a small village. Subsequently, it spread to the whole area.
6. I’ll go and visit her in the hospital this evening. Meanwhile, let me send her a bunch of flowers.
Initially (cÖv_wgKfv‡e) 7. I have to hand in the report next week. In the meantime, I’ll try to find out more about the company.
Previously (c~‡e©) 8. They worked on the experiment for a long time; but, at last, they were able to obtain significant
Prior (c~‡e©) results.
Formerly (c~‡e©)
Earlier (c~‡e©/ ïiæ‡Z)
After a while(wKQz mgq ci)
Purpose - D‡Ïk¨ eySv‡Z
In order to (D‡Ïk¨) 1. In order to solve unemployment, we have to change our false sense of dignity.
So that (hv‡Z/ †hb) 2. He tried to follow me so that/in order that he could know my secret.
In order that (hv‡Z/ †hb)
So as to (D‡Ïk¨)
With the purpose of(D‡Ïk¨)

Kabir Sir
01726868408
Similarity – mv`„k¨:
Likewise (Abyiæcfv‡e) 1. High inflation usually leads to high interest rates; likewise, interest rates decline when inflation is low.
Similarly (Abyiæcfv‡e) 2. Photographers require short exposures to capture fast-moving objects. Similarly, chemists need
In the same way (GKBfv‡e) short laser pulses to study rapid reactions.
In the same manner (GKBfv‡e) 3. The whole of society may suffer if its government is attacked; in the same way, the entire body is
Just as (wVK †hgbwU) harmed if the brain is damaged.
Equally (mgfv‡e)
Correspondingly (GKBfv‡e)
By the same token (GKBfv‡e)

Contrast - wecixZv_©K / ‰emv`„k¨/ Awgj eySv‡Z

On the other hand (Ab¨w`‡K) 1. Australia has much land relative to its population. On the other hand, Japan has little land relative to
On the contrary (Aciw`‡K) its population.
In contrast (wecix‡Z) 2. At room temperature, unsaturated fats are usually liquid. In contrast, saturated fats are solid.
Conversely (wecix‡Z) 3. The novel is 720 pages long. However, it reads more quickly than many shorter ones.
Nevertheless (Zv m‡Ë¡I) 4. I can't say I'm convinced that he is right. Nevertheless, his book is well worth reading.
Nonetheless (Zv m‡Ë¡I) 5. It’s a difficult race. Nonetheless, about 1,000 athletes participate every year.
Still (ZeyI) 6. Accidents are rare in this part of the plant. Even so, there should be stricter safety regulations.
Yet (ZeyI) 7. Zambia's people have a literacy rate of 78%, which is high compared with many poor African countries.
However (hv †nvK/ Z‡e) Yet, it has only one library, one university and no television stations.
Whereas (c¶všÍ‡i/A_P) 8. I hadn’t seen her for 15 years. Still, I recognized her immediately when I saw her.
Inspite of (m‡Ë¡I) 9. The risk of infection hasn’t diminished at all; on the contrary, it has increased.
Despite (m‡Ë¡I)
But (wKš‘/ZeyI)
Though/Although(hw`I)
Instead (cwie‡Z©/ eis)
Rather (eis)

Reason – KviY eySv‡Z

Due to (Rb¨/ Kvi‡Y) 1. As/Since Bangladesh played well, they won the game.
Owing to (Rb¨/ Kvi‡Y) 2. I was saved because I was lucky.
On account of (Rb¨/ Kvi‡Y) 3. I could not contact you due to/ owing to my business.
Because of (Rb¨/ Kvi‡Y) 4. The man was suspended because of his dishonesty.
As (†h‡nZz/ KviY/ ZvB) 5. I do not know the reason why he is not available.
Because (KviY)
Since (†h‡nZz/ KviY/ ZvB)
Why (†Kb/ wK Kvi‡Y)
For (Rb¨)

Result – djvdj: ‡Kvb Kv‡Ri djvdj hv `vwo‡q‡Q Zv wb‡`©k Ki‡Z

So (ZvB/ Kv‡RB) 1. She no longer had the support of the committee. Therefore, she decided to resign.
Hence (ZvB/ Kv‡RB) 2. For many centuries most people thought the world was flat. As a result, they presumed that if one
As a result (d‡j) sailed to the edge of the world one would fall off into space.
Therefore (ZvB/ Kv‡RB) 3. Following the September 11th terrorist attacks security checks at airports in particular increased.
Consequently (d‡j) Consequently, many people were reluctant to travel by air.
As a consequence (d‡j) 4. During World War II, German submarines began to sink British ships far faster than it could be
In consequence (d‡j) replaced. As a consequence, Britain came close to defeat.
Thus (Gfv‡e) 5. No two volcanoes are alike. Thus, each needs to be studied separately so that its warning signals can
Accordingly (‡m Abymv‡i) be recognized.
For this reason (GB Kvi‡Y) 6. Science is now largely dominated by the interests of the industrial world. Hence, it hardly deserves the
Because of that (GB Kvi‡Y) name ‘science’.
This is why (G Kvi‡Y) 7. The plan for a bridge across the river has proved unpopular. Accordingly, they are trying to find an
alternative project.
Exemplification – `„óv‡šÍi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v
For example (D`vniY¯^iƒc) 1. In this book Wellington is described as a great general but he is also shown to have some human
For instance (D`vniY¯^iƒc) weaknesses. For example, the writer talks about Wellington's vanity and his unattractive lack of
Such as (h_v/ †hgb), generosity in sharing the credit for his victories.
Like (‡hgb/gZ), 2. Contrary to expectations, more people are now leaving many of the world’s largest urban areas
Namely (h_v/ †hgb), than are moving in. For instance, the population of Sao Paulo was expected to reach 24 million by
To illustrate (e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z †M‡j) the year 2005, but fewer than 18 million live there now.
To demonstrate (e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z †M‡j)

Explanation – ‡Kvb wKQzi `ywU Definition _vK‡j:

That is (h_v/ †hgb), 1. The nutrients that foods supply are essential nutrients. That is, they are needed from outside the body.
That is to say (ejv ‡h‡Z cv‡i) 2. I’ll deal with the second issue first. That is to say, the changes needed to the curriculum.
In other words (A_©vr) 3. All our sources of power are natural. In other words, all our power is based on the control of natural
To put it differently (A_©vr) sources.

Particularization – mywbw`©óKiY, we‡klxKiY

In particular (mywbw`©ófv‡e) 1. The world's nuclear industry has continued to decline since the 1980s; in particular, this is true of the
Particularly (mywbw`©ófv‡e) fifteen countries of the European Union.
Specifically (mywbw`©ófv‡e) 2. Following the September 11th terrorist attacks stringent security measures were taken; particularly,
Definitely (mywbw`©ófv‡e) security checks at airports were increased.
3. Alsace is one of the most densely populated regions of France, specifically in the Rhine plain.

Emphasis – cÖKvkfw½, Abyf~wZ, wµqvKjvc, BZ¨vw`i ¸iæZ¡/ZxeªZv cªKvk

In fact (cÖK„Zc‡ÿ) 1. Deflation isn’t necessarily a bad thing. In fact, productivity driven deflation is beneficial.
Indeed (cÖK„Zc‡ÿ) 2. I haven’t seen him for almost 15 years. Indeed, I can’t even remember what he looks like.
Actually (cÖK„Zc‡ÿ) 3. He is certainly a fine musician. As a matter of fact, I regard him as one of the greatest violinists of
True that our time.
As a matter of fact (ev¯ÍweKc‡ÿ) 4. I’m not looking forward to working under him. Actually, I’m already scanning newspapers for job
Undoubtedly (m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e) opportunities.
No doubt (m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e)
Unquestionably (m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e)
Without doubt (m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e)
Absolutely (cy‡ivcywifv‡e)
Surprisingly (we®§qKifv‡e)
Surely (wbwðZfv‡e)
Certainly (wbwðZfv‡e)

Summarize - mvi ms‡¶c eySv‡Z

To sum up (ms‡¶‡c) 1. Martin is talented. He is industrious, frank, open minded. To sum up/ In short/ To summarize, he is an
To be brief (ms‡¶‡c) ideal person.
To summarize (ms‡¶‡c)
In summary (ms‡¶‡c)
In brief (ms‡¶‡c)
In short (ms‡¶‡c)

Condition – kZ©
If (hw`) 1. If/provided you accompany me, I will try to remove your boredom.
Provided (hw`) 2. Unless we change our mentality, there will be no change of our hope.
Providing that (hw`)
Even if (GgbwK hw`)
Unless (hw` bv)
Otherwise (Ab¨_vq)
Or (A_ev)