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quantum computing.pdf

Quantum computing utilizes qubits to process information in ways classical computers cannot, enabling exponential speed in solving complex problems across various industries. Despite significant advancements, challenges such as scalability, error correction, and hardware limitations remain, alongside security risks posed to current encryption methods. The transformative potential of quantum computing necessitates collaboration among technologists, policymakers, and ethicists to address these challenges responsibly.

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Angeline Nieves
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4 views10 pages

quantum computing.pdf

Quantum computing utilizes qubits to process information in ways classical computers cannot, enabling exponential speed in solving complex problems across various industries. Despite significant advancements, challenges such as scalability, error correction, and hardware limitations remain, alongside security risks posed to current encryption methods. The transformative potential of quantum computing necessitates collaboration among technologists, policymakers, and ethicists to address these challenges responsibly.

Uploaded by

Angeline Nieves
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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page 01

Quantum Computing utilises the principles of


quantum mechanics to process information in
ways classical computers cannot. Unlike classical
bits, quantum bits or qubits can exist in multiple
states simultaneously, enabling parallel
computation. This enable Quantum Computers to
solve complex problems exponentially faster,
from simulating molecular interactions for drug
discovery to optimising logistics.
Quantum Computing holds the potential to
revolutionise industries by tackling challenges
beyond the reach of classical computing. As we
unravel its mysteries, the transformative impact of
Quantum Computing on technology and
innovation becomes increasingly apparent.
page 02
Quantum computing uses the qubit as the basic unit of information rather than the
conventional bit. The main characteristic of this alternative system is that it permits the
coherent superposition of ones and zeros, the digits of the binary system around which all
computing revolves.Bits, on the other hand, can only have one value at a time — either one
or zero —.
This aspect of quantum technology means that a qubit can be both zero and one at the same
time, and in different proportions. This multiplicity of states makes it possible for a quantum
computer with just 30 qubits, for example, to perform 10 billion floating-point operations per
second,which is about 5.8 billion more than the most powerful PlayStation video game
console on the market.

page 03
While still in its infancy, quantum computing has seen significant advancements in recent years.
Companies like IBM, Google, and startups like Rigetti are leading the development of quantum
hardware and algorithms. The current focus is on achieving quantum supremacy—the point at which
quantum computers can solve problems beyond the reach of classical computers.

Scalability Challenges
Despite advances in qubit stability, scaling quantum computers to millions of reliable qubits for solving
large problems remains out of reach. Achieving large-scale quantum systems is still a long-term goal.

Quantum Error Correction


Error correction in quantum computing has improved but is not yet sufficient for fully fault-tolerant
systems. Overcoming noise and decoherence through more effective methods is a key focus of
ongoing research.

page 04
Hardware Limitations
Building quantum computers presents significant engineering challenges, including the need for near-
absolute-zero temperatures and extreme sensitivity to environmental factors. Robust, reliable
quantum hardware outside controlled labs remains a major hurdle.
Security Risks
Quantum computing could break current encryption methods, posing a threat to digital security. While
quantum-resistant cryptography is under development, widespread implementation is years away,
raising concerns about quantum-enabled cyberattacks.
High Costs and Limited Accessibility
Quantum technology is expensive, and expertise is scarce, limiting its availability to smaller
organizations. While quantum cloud services are helping, costs and complexity still hinder widespread
adoption.

Cryptography and Cybersecurity:


Quantum computing can break traditional encryption methods and enable secure communication through
quantum key distribution (QKD).
Drug Discovery and Healthcare:
It can simulate molecular interactions to accelerate drug development and design personalized medical
treatments.
page 05
Optimization Problems:
Quantum algorithms can optimize logistics, supply chain management, resource allocation, and
financial portfolios.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning:
Quantum computing enables faster AI model training and improved pattern recognition for large
datasets.
Material Science and Chemistry:
It aids in designing new materials and simulating chemical reactions for innovations in energy and
manufacturing.
Climate Modeling and Sustainability:
Quantum computing improves climate simulations and optimizes renewable energy and battery
technologies.

page 06
Rapid Calculations: Quantum computers perform calculations exponentially faster than classical
systems, solving complex problems previously considered infeasible.
Efficient Data Storage: Quantum memory enables high-density data storage and faster retrieval,
improving performance in data-intensive tasks like machine learning.
Solving Complex Problems: Quantum algorithms excel in optimization, simulation, and
cryptographic challenges, advancing research and innovation.
Accelerated Speeds: Quantum computing reduces computational times drastically, boosting
decision-making and productivity across industries.
Enhanced Search Capabilities: Quantum computing can revolutionize search algorithms, delivering
faster, more accurate results and enabling advanced functionalities like predictive search.
Driving Innovation: Quantum computing fosters breakthroughs in materials science, drug discovery,
artificial intelligence, and communication technologies.Improved Privacy: Quantum cryptography
ensures advanced encryption and secure communications, protecting sensitive information.
Advanced Simulations: Quantum computers simulate complex systems like chemical reactions and
biological processes, offering deeper insights and optimized solutions.
page 07
Algorithm Complexity: Developing quantum algorithms is challenging due to the
abstract nature of quantum mechanics and the difficulty of debugging non-intuitive
quantum systems.
Low Temperature Requirements: Quantum computers need ultra-low temperatures
near absolute zero, adding complexity and cost to their infrastructure.
Limited Accessibility: Quantum resources are mostly restricted to large institutions,
making them costly and difficult for smaller organizations to access.
Security Risks: Quantum computing threatens current cryptographic systems,
necessitating the development of quantum-resistant encryption to ensure cybersecurity.
Heat Management: Managing heat dissipation is critical to preventing qubit
decoherence and maintaining system reliability.
Hardware Complexity: Building scalable and reliable quantum hardware requires
intricate engineering, precise qubit control, and advanced error correction mechanisms.

page 08
Quantum computing represents a paradigm shift in how we
approach computation, offering immense potential to solve
complex problems. However, its development brings
challenges that society must address to harness its benefits
responsibly. As quantum technologies continue to evolve, their
impact on science, industry, and society will be profound,
requiring collaboration among technologists, policymakers, and
ethicists to navigate this new frontier effectively.

page 09
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