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Science

The document outlines essential topics in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology for the SSC exam, covering key concepts such as Newton's Laws of Motion, the structure of atoms, and the basics of photosynthesis. It also provides preparation tips, emphasizing the importance of NCERT books and revision of fundamental concepts. Overall, it serves as a comprehensive guide for students preparing for the science section of the SSC exam.

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Rohit
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24 views

Science

The document outlines essential topics in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology for the SSC exam, covering key concepts such as Newton's Laws of Motion, the structure of atoms, and the basics of photosynthesis. It also provides preparation tips, emphasizing the importance of NCERT books and revision of fundamental concepts. Overall, it serves as a comprehensive guide for students preparing for the science section of the SSC exam.

Uploaded by

Rohit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Science for SSC Exam

1. Physics
Physics deals with the fundamental laws of nature, motion, energy, and the properties of matter.

Important Topics in Physics:

a) Motion and Laws of Motion

●​ Newton’s Laws of Motion:


○​ First Law (Law of Inertia): An object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by
an external force.
○​ Second Law: Force = Mass × Acceleration (F = ma).
○​ Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
●​ Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration:
○​ Speed = Distance/Time
○​ Velocity is speed in a specific direction.

b) Work, Energy, and Power

●​ Work: Work = Force × Displacement


●​ Energy: The capacity to do work. Two main types:
○​ Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion (KE = ½ mv²)
○​ Potential Energy: Stored energy due to position (PE = mgh)
●​ Power: Rate of doing work (Power = Work/Time)
●​ SI Unit of Energy: Joule (J)
●​ SI Unit of Power: Watt (W)

c) Heat and Thermodynamics

●​ Heat: A form of energy transferred due to temperature differences.


●​ Temperature Scales:
○​ Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), and Kelvin (K).
●​ Specific Heat Capacity: The heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C.
●​ Methods of Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, and Radiation.

d) Light and Optics

●​ Reflection: The bouncing back of light from a surface.


○​ Laws of Reflection: Angle of incidence = Angle of reflection.
●​ Refraction: The bending of light when it passes from one medium to another.
●​ Lenses and Mirrors:
○​ Convex Lens: Used in magnifying glasses.
○​ Concave Lens: Used in spectacles for short-sightedness.
○​ Plane Mirrors: Forms virtual and upright images.
●​ Dispersion of Light: Splitting of white light into 7 colors (VIBGYOR).
e) Sound

●​ Sound Waves: Longitudinal waves that require a medium to travel.


●​ Speed of Sound:
○​ Fastest in solids, slower in liquids, and slowest in gases.
●​ Echo: Reflection of sound from a surface.
●​ SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging): Used in submarines to detect underwater objects.

f) Electricity and Magnetism

●​ Ohm’s Law: V = IR (Voltage = Current × Resistance)


●​ Electric Power: P = VI (Power = Voltage × Current)
●​ Magnetism: A property of materials like iron and cobalt to attract or repel objects.

2. Chemistry
Chemistry deals with the composition, structure, properties, and changes of matter.

Important Topics in Chemistry:

a) Structure of Atom

●​ Basic Particles of an Atom:


○​ Proton (+ve charge, found in the nucleus)
○​ Neutron (Neutral charge, found in the nucleus)
○​ Electron (-ve charge, orbits the nucleus)
●​ Atomic Number (Z): The number of protons in an atom.
●​ Mass Number (A): The sum of protons and neutrons.

b) Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

●​ Element: A substance made up of only one type of atom (e.g., Oxygen, Hydrogen).
●​ Compound: A substance made up of two or more different atoms chemically bonded (e.g., Water (H₂O),
Carbon dioxide (CO₂)).
●​ Mixture: A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded.

c) Acids, Bases, and Salts

●​ Acids: Substances that release H⁺ ions in solution.


○​ e.g., Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).
●​ Bases: Substances that release OH⁻ ions in solution.
○​ e.g., Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂).
●​ Salts: Formed by the reaction between an acid and a base.

d) Metals and Non-Metals

●​ Metals: Good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, and ductile (e.g., Iron, Copper, Aluminum).
●​ Non-Metals: Poor conductors of heat and electricity, brittle (e.g., Sulfur, Carbon, Oxygen).
e) Chemical Reactions and Equations

●​ Types of Chemical Reactions:


○​ Combination Reaction: A + B → AB
○​ Decomposition Reaction: AB → A + B
○​ Oxidation and Reduction (Redox Reaction): Loss and gain of electrons.

3. Biology
Biology is the study of living organisms, their functions, and interactions.

Important Topics in Biology:

a) Cell and Its Functions

●​ Cell: The basic unit of life.


●​ Parts of a Cell:
○​ Nucleus: Controls cell activities.
○​ Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell.
○​ Ribosomes: Protein synthesis.
●​ Types of Cells:
○​ Prokaryotic Cells (Bacteria, no nucleus).
○​ Eukaryotic Cells (Plants, Animals, have nucleus).

b) Human Body Systems

●​ Digestive System: Involves organs like the stomach, intestines, and liver.
●​ Circulatory System: Heart pumps blood through arteries and veins.
●​ Respiratory System: Includes lungs and trachea, helps in gas exchange.
●​ Nervous System: Brain, spinal cord, and nerves coordinate body functions.

c) Diseases and Immunity

●​ Communicable Diseases: Caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites (e.g., Tuberculosis, Malaria,
Influenza).
●​ Non-Communicable Diseases: Lifestyle-related diseases (e.g., Diabetes, Hypertension).
●​ Vaccination: Provides immunity against infectious diseases.

d) Plants and Photosynthesis

●​ Photosynthesis: Plants make their own food using sunlight, water, and CO₂.
●​ Equation: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
●​ Parts of a Plant: Root, Stem, Leaves, Flowers, Fruits.

4. Preparation Tips for SSC Science Section


1.​ Focus on NCERT Books (Classes 6-10) for fundamental concepts.
2.​ Revise important formulas in Physics (Speed, Force, Work, Energy).
3.​ Understand Chemical Reactions and important compounds.
4.​ Read Biology concepts like Human Anatomy, Diseases, and Plants.
5.​ Solve Previous Year Papers to get familiar with question patterns.

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